{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:39:03Z","timestamp":1791920343732,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T01:54:04Z","timestamp":1571450044000},"page":"112326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Flavonoids extracted from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial function by activating AMPK in type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"Qinghai","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xichao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qichun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(03)00322-X","article-title":"Antioxidant role of mulberry (Morus indica L. cv. Anantha) leaves in streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"338","author":"Andallu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta; Int. J. Clini. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37048","article-title":"Mitochondrial H2O2 emission and cellular redox state link excess fat intake to insulin resistance in both rodents and humans","volume":"119","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib3","first-page":"8503754","article-title":"db\/db mice exhibit features of human type 2 diabetes that are not present in weight-matched C57BL\/6J mice fed a western diet","volume":"2017","author":"Burke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Diabetes Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2017.01.005","article-title":"AMPK signalling in health and disease","volume":"45","author":"Carling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib5","first-page":"241","article-title":"AMPK activation: a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes?","volume":"7","author":"Coughlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S157","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S302","article-title":"Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the primary defect in type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R15","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0598","article-title":"Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: role of mitochondria and other ROS sources","volume":"233","author":"Di Meo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of antidiabetic effects of flavonoid rutin","volume":"96","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.2174\/138955751507150424103721","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of rutin for diabetes: an update","volume":"15","author":"Habtemariam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2017.21.6.567","article-title":"Effects of exercise on obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle","volume":"21","author":"Heo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.104","article-title":"Skeletal muscle mitochondria as a target to prevent or treat type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Hesselink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.12.052","article-title":"Research needs for effective transition in lifelong care of congenital genitourinary conditions: a workshop sponsored by the national Institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases","volume":"103","author":"Hsieh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2004.05.014","article-title":"Antioxidant role of mulberry leaves in streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"348","author":"Hu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta; Int. J. Clini. Chem."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b01766","article-title":"Metabolic effect of 1-deoxynojirimycin from mulberry leaves on db\/db diabetic mice using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics","volume":"65","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050619","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid and rutin play a major role in the in vivo anti-diabetic activity of Morus alba leaf extract on type II diabetic rats","volume":"7","author":"Hunyadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2014.3160","article-title":"Mulberry leaf extract improves postprandial glucose response in prediabetic subjects: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Food"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21936","article-title":"Estrogenic control of mitochondrial function and biogenesis","volume":"105","author":"Klinge","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11369","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV119.008351","article-title":"30 sweet years of GLUT4","volume":"294","author":"Klip","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.10.101","article-title":"A\u00a0novel formula Sang-Tong-Jian improves glycometabolism and ameliorates insulin resistance by activating PI3K\/AKT pathway in type 2 diabetic KKAy mice","volume":"84","author":"Kuai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.48.8.1667","article-title":"5' AMP-activated protein kinase activation causes GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle","volume":"48","author":"Kurth-Kraczek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E456","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00648.2009","article-title":"PGC-1{alpha} is required for AICAR-induced expression of GLUT4 and mitochondrial proteins in mouse skeletal muscle","volume":"299","author":"Leick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"6899","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00904","article-title":"Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1 alpha drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres","volume":"418","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib23","first-page":"2482","article-title":"Effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharide on oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cells of type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"7506","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13270","article-title":"Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase","volume":"510","author":"Madiraju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1322","article-title":"Restoration of muscle mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetes by exercise training is paralleled by increased myocellular fat storage and improved insulin sensitivity","volume":"59","author":"Meex","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803567","article-title":"Improved skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity and restoration of PGC-1 alpha and PPAR beta\/delta gene expression upon rosiglitazone treatment in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"31","author":"Mensink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1180","article-title":"PGC-1alpha-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Mootha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-009-0112-5","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and antiglycation activities of mulberry leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced chronic diabetic rats","volume":"64","author":"Naowaboot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X12500139","article-title":"Mulberry leaf extract stimulates glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in rat adipocytes","volume":"40","author":"Naowaboot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8466","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1032913100","article-title":"Coordinated reduction of genes of oxidative metabolism in humans with insulin resistance and diabetes: potential role of PGC1 and NRF1","volume":"100","author":"Patti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11935","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M707389200","article-title":"Nuclear respiratory factor 1 controls myocyte enhancer factor 2A transcription to provide a mechanism for coordinate expression of respiratory chain subunits","volume":"283","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.014","article-title":"The breathing heart - mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in cardiac disease","volume":"171","author":"Schwarz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12245-2","article-title":"Mulberry leaf alleviates streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by attenuating NEFA signaling and modulating intestinal microflora","volume":"7","author":"Sheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20060323","article-title":"Oxidative stress, antioxidant status and DNA damage in patients with impaired glucose regulation and newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes","volume":"112","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00294","article-title":"Role of mitochondria in the mechanism(s) of action of metformin","volume":"10","author":"Vial","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E643","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00456.2004","article-title":"Activators of AMP-activated protein kinase enhance GLUT4 translocation and its glucose transport activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"289","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00711A","article-title":"A\u00a0novel formula from mulberry leaf ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in rats via inhibiting the TGF-beta1 pathway","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food & function"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.06.039","article-title":"Anti-diabetic effect of mulberry leaf polysaccharide by inhibiting pancreatic islet cell apoptosis and ameliorating insulin secretory capacity in diabetic rats","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151","article-title":"Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2017.07.009","article-title":"Mitochondrial membrane potential","volume":"552","author":"Zorova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874119324444?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874119324444?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:28:35Z","timestamp":1759940915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874119324444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0378874119324444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Flavonoids extracted from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial function by activating AMPK in type 2 diabetes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112326","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112326"}}