{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:56:14Z","timestamp":1790704574195,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010603","name":"Shoolini University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010603","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T10:47:54Z","timestamp":1586861274000},"page":"112867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bioassay guided fractionation of rhizome extract of Rheum emodi wall as bio-availability enhancer of antibiotics against bacterial and fungal pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"257","author":[{"given":"Rajan","family":"Rolta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Sourirajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navneet Kumar","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Dev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chemistry and pharmacology of rhubarb (Rheum species)\u2014a review","volume":"60","author":"Agarwal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Sci. Ind. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00195-1","article-title":"Antifungal activity of anthraquinone derivatives from Rheum emodi","volume":"72","author":"Agarwal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib3","series-title":"Modern Phytomedicine: Turning Medicinal Plants into Drugs","author":"Ahmad","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib4","first-page":"182","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Rheum emodi and Podophyllum hexandrum","volume":"30","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmaceut. Sci. Rev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmt123","article-title":"HPLC and HPTLC methods by design for quantitative characterization and in vitro anti-oxidant activity of polyherbal formulation containing Rheum emodi","volume":"52","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.132495","article-title":"Current concepts in combination antibiotic therapy for critically ill patients","volume":"18","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.33786\/JCPR.2012.v02i02.002","article-title":"Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Rheum emodi Wall","volume":"2","author":"Aslam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharma Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(02)00571-X","article-title":"Antimicrobial constituents from the rhizome of Rheum emodi","volume":"62","author":"Babu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2016.12.003","article-title":"Phytochemicals for human disease: an update on plant-derived compounds antibacterial activity","volume":"196","author":"Barbieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-010-9202-0","article-title":"Anticancer potential of Himalayan plants","volume":"10","author":"Bhatia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib11","first-page":"918","article-title":"Traditional use of medicinal plants in district Chamoli, Uttarakhand","volume":"7","author":"Bisht","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00473-X","article-title":"Comparison of methods of interpretation of checkerboard synergy testing","volume":"44","author":"Bonapace","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib13","first-page":"94","article-title":"Sequential fractionation by organic solvents enhances the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of fruits and leaves of Terminalia bellerica from North Western Himalayas, India","volume":"11","author":"Chandel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2299-1","article-title":"In-vitro osteoblast proliferation and in-vivo anti-osteoporotic activity of Bombax ceiba with quantification of Lupeol, gallic acid and \u03b2-sitosterol by HPTLC and HPLC","volume":"18","author":"Chauhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib15","series-title":"M100-S25: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"CLSI","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib16","series-title":"Herbal Pharmaceutical Excipient for Enhancing Antifungal and Antibacterial Properties of Existing Drugs","author":"Dev","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib17","first-page":"40","article-title":"Screening of phytoconstituents, UV-VIS spectrum and FTIR analysis of Micrococca mercurialis (L.) benth","volume":"5","author":"Dhivya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. herb. med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2012.10.006","article-title":"Synergistic activity of luteolin and amoxicillin combination against amoxicillin-resistant Escherichia coli and mode of action","volume":"117","author":"Eumkeb","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib19","unstructured":"Fan, D., Murphy, E., 2019. U.S. Patent Application No. 16\/398,471."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib20","first-page":"199","article-title":"Traditionaly used medicinal plants in dharchula Himalayas of pithoragarh district, Uttaranchal","volume":"4","author":"Garbyal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ind. J. Trad. Knowledge."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib21","series-title":"Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis","author":"Harbourne","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.47.1121","article-title":"Phenolic constituents of Cassia seeds and antibacterial effect of some naphthalenes and anthraquinones on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"47","author":"Hatano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7136","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i44.7136","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts against H. pylori: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"12","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.12.043","article-title":"Hydromethanolic extract of Rehum emodi exhibits significant antimicrobial activity against acute gastroenteritis bacterial strains","volume":"115","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib25","series-title":"Practical Pharmacognosy","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2017.04.002","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract and its fractions of bark and leaves of Terminalia arjuna from north-western Himalayas, India","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tradi. Complement. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib56","first-page":"189","article-title":"Anticancer and anti-metastatic activities of Rheum emodi rhizome chloroform extracts","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib27","first-page":"237","article-title":"Indigenous herbal remedies to cure skin disorders by the natives of Lahaul-Spiti in Himachal Pradesh","volume":"7","author":"Lal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ind. J. Trad. Knowledge."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3797\/scipharm.0906-03","article-title":"HPLC analysis and standardization of Arjunarishta\u2013an Ayurvedic Cardioprotective formulation","volume":"77","author":"Lal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3839\/jabc.2013.030","article-title":"Antimicrobial effect of emodin isolated from Cassia tora Linn. seeds against food-borne bacteria","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2016.03.008","article-title":"The antibacterial activity and action mechanism of emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum against Haemophilus parasuis in vitro","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"Part A","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib31","first-page":"17","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Rheum emodi (Rhubarb) rhizome","volume":"7","author":"Malik","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2618-1","article-title":"Synergistic activity between Triphala and selected antibiotics against drug resistant clinical isolates","volume":"19","author":"Manoraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1080\/03235400802677719","article-title":"Antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of Archu (Rheum emodi) on powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and its role in the induction of resistance in balsam (Impatiens balsamania)","volume":"43","author":"Maurya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Phytopathol. Plant Protect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib55","first-page":"14","article-title":"Synergistic antibacterial activity of mangiferin with antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"2","author":"Mazlan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Invent. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.174994","article-title":"Simultaneous estimation of aloe emodin and emodin from Rheum emodi, Cassia alata and Aloes by HPTLC","volume":"77","author":"Narayanan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib35","first-page":"143","article-title":"Germinability, productivity and economic viability of Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meissn. cultivated at lower altitude","volume":"84","author":"Nautiyal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib36","first-page":"159","article-title":"Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopic analysis of methanol extract of Phyllanthus muellerianus root","volume":"3","author":"Omodara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Greener J. Physical Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.04.001","article-title":"Use of natural antimicrobials to increase antibiotic susceptibility of drug resistant bacteria","volume":"140","author":"Palaniappan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2014.07.012","article-title":"Evaluation of anthraquinones from Himalayan rhubarb (Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meissn.) as antiproliferative agents","volume":"95","author":"Pandith","year":"2014","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000030","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon","volume":"109","author":"Prestinaci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_674_18","article-title":"Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Rheum emodi on human breast adenocarcinoma, MCF-7 Cells, and antimicrobial effectiveness against selected bacterial strains","volume":"s15","author":"Rais","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phcog. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_674_18","article-title":"Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Rheum emodi on human breast adenocarcinoma, MCF-7 Cells, and antimicrobial effectiveness against selected bacterial strains","volume":"15","author":"Rais","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phcog. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib42","series-title":"International Conference on New Horizons in Green Chemistry & Technology (ICGCT)","article-title":"Traditional medicinal plants of higher altitude of Himachal Pradesh as functional food ingredient cum food preservative and bioavailability enhancer of antifungal antibiotics","author":"Rolta","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib43","first-page":"74","article-title":"Methanolic extracts of the rhizome of R. emodi act as bioenhancer of antibiotics against bacteria and fungi and antioxidant potential","volume":"8","author":"Rolta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib44","article-title":"Phytochemical constituents and synergistic activity of Olea europaea plant extracts against some human disease causing species","volume":"4","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Microbiol Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s42535-019-00048-x","article-title":"Altitudinal variation in gallic acid content in fruits of Phyllanthus emblica L. and its correlation with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity","volume":"32","author":"Sheoran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vegetos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib46","first-page":"2541","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and determination of antioxidant activity in callus and different parts of Rheum emodi Wall ex","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Messin. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib47","first-page":"1494","article-title":"1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone derivatives from rhizome of Rheum emodi Wall","volume":"43","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)99017-1","article-title":"Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent","volume":"299","author":"Singleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib49","first-page":"93","article-title":"Comparative study on phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn and Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meissn.: In vitro studies","volume":"4","author":"Srinivasarao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Phytomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.4103\/2221-1691.269525","article-title":"Bioguided isolation of antimicrobial polyphenols from Cuspidaria convoluta leaves and their synergistic effect with antibiotics","volume":"9","author":"Torres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/652526","article-title":"Potential antioxidant anthraquinones isolated from Rheum emodi showing nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita","volume":"2014","author":"Tripathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib52","first-page":"297","article-title":"Current strategy for research on quality identification of Rheum emodi Wall. rhizome","volume":"5","author":"Wasim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.03.083","article-title":"Phytoconstituents and therapeutic uses of Rheum emodi wall. ex Meissn","volume":"128","author":"Zargar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(98)00102-2","article-title":"The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals","volume":"64","author":"Zhishen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874119348676?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874119348676?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T16:34:55Z","timestamp":1759941295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874119348676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0378874119348676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bioassay guided fractionation of rhizome extract of Rheum emodi wall as bio-availability enhancer of antibiotics against bacterial and fungal pathogens","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112867","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112867"}}