{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T22:16:30Z","timestamp":1788041790833,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T07:30:40Z","timestamp":1616052640000},"page":"114027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Assessment of the anti-inflammatory effects of three rhubarb anthraquinones in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages using a pharmacodynamic model and evaluation of the structure-activity relationships"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Yingfan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen'ge","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiasi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chensi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianli","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110594","article-title":"Diacerein: recent insight into pharmacological activities and molecular pathways","volume":"131","author":"Almezgagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10037","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.181342398","article-title":"Electrostatics of nanosystems: application to microtubules and the ribosome","volume":"98","author":"Baker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(78)90115-7","article-title":"Interaction of cibacron blue 3G-A and related dyes with nucleotide-requiring enzymes\u2606","volume":"189","author":"Beissner","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)85220-1","article-title":"Immobilized anthraquinone dyes for affinity chromatography","volume":"161","author":"Beissner","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-05-01633.1998","article-title":"Extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 subgroups of mitogen-activated protein kinases regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in endotoxin-stimulated primary glial cultures","volume":"18","author":"Bhat","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1021\/np9905259","article-title":"Anthraquinones and betaenone derivatives from the sponge-associated fungus Microsphaeropsis species: novel inhibitors of protein kinases","volume":"63","author":"Brauers","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-017-0158-5","article-title":"Advances in bio-active constituents, pharmacology and clinical applications of rhubarb","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1999.00747.x","article-title":"Involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in J774 macrophages","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0065-2571(84)90007-4","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of dose-effect relationships: the combined effects of multiple drugs or enzyme inhibitors","volume":"22","author":"Chou","year":"1984","journal-title":"Adv. Enzym. Regul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2012.03.014","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic behavior of argirein, derived from rhein, is characterized as slow release and prolonged T1\/2 of rhein in rats","volume":"46","author":"Cong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112304","article-title":"Achieving stability of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"309","author":"Covert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101754","article-title":"Emodin inhibition of influenza a virus replication and influenza viral pneumonia via the Nrf2, TLR4, p38\/JNK and NF-kappaB pathways","volume":"22","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00962","article-title":"Emodin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury via inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo","volume":"9","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.20312","article-title":"Improving the dissolution and oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug aloe-emodin by solid dispersion with polyethylene glycol 6000","volume":"70","author":"Duan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3714","DOI":"10.1021\/jm000942e","article-title":"Fast calculation of molecular polar surface area as a sum of fragment-based contributions and its application to the prediction of drug transport properties","volume":"43","author":"Ertl","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib16","first-page":"350","article-title":"Tissue distribution of free anthraquinones in SD rats after orally administered extracts from raw and prepared rhubarbs","volume":"46","author":"Fang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yao Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080124","article-title":"An antiinflammatory role for IKK\u03b2 through the inhibition of \u201cclassical\u201d macrophage activation","volume":"205","author":"Fong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.001","article-title":"Rhein exerts pro- and anti-inflammatory actions by targeting IKK\u03b2 inhibition in LPS-activated macrophages","volume":"72","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(86)90215-2","article-title":"Use of MTT colorimetric assay to measure cell activation","volume":"94","author":"Gerlier","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.07.009","article-title":"NF-\u03baB is a negative regulator of IL-1\u03b2 secretion as revealed by genetic and pharmacological inhibition of IKK\u03b2","volume":"130","author":"Greten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071914","article-title":"The ikappa B-NF-kappa B signaling module: temporal control and selective gene activation","volume":"298","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomed.2012.03.003","article-title":"Anticancer potential of emodin","volume":"2","author":"Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.03.059","article-title":"Aloe-emodin from rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages","volume":"153","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6096","article-title":"Rhubarb combined with trypsin inhibitor for severe acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1517\/13543776.2015.1050793","article-title":"A fruitful decade from 2005 to 2014 for anthraquinone patents","volume":"25","author":"Hussain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Pat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1021\/ci049714+","article-title":"Zinc - a free database of commercially available compounds for virtual screening","volume":"45","author":"Irwin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1021\/ci3001277","article-title":"ZINC: a free tool to discover chemistry for biology","volume":"52","author":"Irwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib28","first-page":"28","article-title":"Development of anti-acne gel formulation of anthraquinones rich fraction from Rubia cordifolia (Rubiaceae)","volume":"4","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.112052","volume":"320","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1202","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv951","article-title":"PubChem substance and compound databases","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity of anthraquinone derivatives in rodents","author":"Kshirsagar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201503552","article-title":"Addressing the glycine\u2010rich loop of protein kinases by a multi\u2010facetted interaction network: inhibition of PKA and a PKB mimic","volume":"22","author":"Lauber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9523","DOI":"10.1021\/ja029833a","article-title":"On the nonpolar hydration free energy of proteins: surface area and continuum solvent models for the solute-solvent interaction energy","volume":"125","author":"Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.04.109","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rhubarb anthraquinones extract in normal and disease rats","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.12.004","article-title":"Sensitive and robust UPLC-MS\/MS method to determine the gender-dependent pharmacokinetics in rats of emodin and its glucuronide","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21391","article-title":"Anthraquinones as pharmacological tools and drugs","volume":"36","author":"Malik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib37","first-page":"793","article-title":"Constitutive transcription of the human interleukin-6 gene by rheumatoid synoviocytes: spontaneous activation of NF-kappaB and CBF1","volume":"152","author":"Miyazawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6853","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203239","article-title":"Activators and target genes of Rel\/NF-\u03baB transcription factors","volume":"18","author":"Pahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-016-0347-4","article-title":"Diacerein: benefits, risks and place in the management of osteoarthritis. An opinion-based report from the ESCEO","volume":"33","author":"Pavelka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.903","article-title":"C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) regulation of iNOS expression in glial cells: predominant role of JNK1 isoform","volume":"8","author":"Pawate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","article-title":"UCSF Chimera-a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis","volume":"25","author":"Pettersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60021a007","article-title":"The chemistry of anthraquinone","volume":"6","author":"Phillips","year":"1929","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antitumor anthraquinone analogues for multidrug resistant tumor cells","volume":"26","author":"Preobrazhenskaya","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.08.003","article-title":"Steady-state pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anthraquinones of Rhei Rhizoma in rats","volume":"137","author":"Shia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3907","article-title":"Profiling the metabolic differences of anthraquinone derivatives using liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry with data-dependent acquisition","volume":"23","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.5b00559","article-title":"ZINC 15-ligand discovery for everyone","volume":"55","author":"Sterling","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11830","article-title":"NF-\u03baB: a key role in inflammatory diseases","volume":"107","author":"Tak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.04.074","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthraquinones in rhubarbs by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and mass spectrometry","volume":"141","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-020-00370-6","article-title":"What we already know about rhubarb: a comprehensive review","volume":"15","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00793","article-title":"Semi-mechanism-based pharmacodynamic model for the anti-inflammatory effect of baicalein in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(84)90016-3","article-title":"Ethnopharmacologic study of Chinese rhubarb","volume":"10","author":"Xiao","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13143","article-title":"Chrysophanol: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics","volume":"71","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37600-7","article-title":"Role of transcription factor NF-kappa B\/Rel in induction of nitric oxide synthase","volume":"269","author":"Xie","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3925","article-title":"Rhein inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury during sepsis by blocking the toll-like receptor 4 nuclear factor-\u03baB pathway","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib56","first-page":"753","article-title":"Expression and clinical significance of rhubarb on serum amylase and TNF-alpha of rat model of acute pancreatitis","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.09.053","article-title":"Add-on effect of crude rhubarb to somatostatin for acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"194","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.11.048","article-title":"Rhein ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier injury via modulation of Nrf2 and MAPKs","volume":"216","author":"Zhuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874121002543?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874121002543?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:09:14Z","timestamp":1759943354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874121002543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S0378874121002543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessment of the anti-inflammatory effects of three rhubarb anthraquinones in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages using a pharmacodynamic model and evaluation of the structure-activity relationships","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114027"}}