{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:36:10Z","timestamp":1791920170566,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T07:30:29Z","timestamp":1616052629000},"page":"114030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Anti-inflammatory effect of leaves of Vernonia zeylanica in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and carrageenan-induced rat paw-edema model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"274","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6149-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilani","family":"Rukshala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Dilip","family":"de Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.V. Loshini R.","family":"Ranaweera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narmada","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0051-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiroma M.","family":"Handunnetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib1","first-page":"6907893","article-title":"Vernolactone promotes apoptosis and autophagy in human teratocarcinomal (NTERA-2) cancer stem-like cells","author":"Abeysinghe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of Ixora coccinea methanolic leaf extract","volume":"1","author":"Handunnetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib3","series-title":"Medicinal Plants Used in Ceylon, Part II","author":"Jayaweera","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib4","first-page":"792","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of various solvent extracts of some selected medicinal plants present in Jaffna Peninsula","volume":"3","author":"Jeyaseelan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2020.100341","article-title":"Vitex negundo L. leaf extract inhibits IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 secretion and phagocytosis in human leukocytes","author":"Kariyawasam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520619666181128163359","article-title":"Isolation of a new sesquiterpene lactone from Vernonia zeylanica (L) Less and its anti-proliferative effects in breast cancer cell lines","volume":"19","author":"Mendis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-695X2013000600010","article-title":"Extracts from the leaves of Campomanesia velutina inhibits production of LPS\/INF-\u03b3 induced inflammatory mediators in J774A.1 cells and exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects in vivo","volume":"23","author":"Michel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Bras Farmacogn"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib9","first-page":"789","article-title":"Suppression of nitric oxide synthase by thienodolinin lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200590919483","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Ixora coccinea","volume":"43","author":"Ratnasooriya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200701215042","article-title":"Anti-nociceptive potential of the Sri Lankan endemic plant Vernonia zeylanica","volume":"45","author":"Ratnasooriya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309095","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/309095","article-title":"Intracellular ROS scavenging activity and down regulation of inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophage by fresh leaf extracts of Pseuderanthemum palatiferum","volume":"11","author":"Sittisart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alt. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.5.1543","article-title":"Nitric oxide: a macrophage product responsible for cytostasis and respiratory inhibition in target tumor cells","volume":"169","author":"Stuehr","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16053701","article-title":"Inhibition of Inflammatory mediators by Neobavaisoflavone in activated RAW264.7 macrophages","volume":"16","author":"Szliszka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib15","first-page":"735176","article-title":"Inhibition of inflammatory response by artepillin C in activated RAW264.7 macrophages","author":"Szliszka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alt. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5455\/oams.100313.or.031","article-title":"Inhibition of LPS-stimulated NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages through iNOS suppression and nitrogen radical scavenging by phenolic compounds from Agrimonia pilosa Leded","volume":"2","author":"Taira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid. Antioxid. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702357","article-title":"Suppression of nitric oxide synthase and the down-regulation of the activation of NF\u03baB in macrophages by resveratrol","volume":"126","author":"Tsai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4038\/pjsl.v6i0.10","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of some Sri Lankan endemic medicinal plants","volume":"6","author":"Weerasinghe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal of Sri Lanka"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.03.064","article-title":"Inhibition of phagocytic and intracellular killing activity of human neutrophils by aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Ixora coccinea","volume":"153","author":"Wickremasinghe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3544","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-111-27849","article-title":"Carrageenan-induced edema in hind paws of the rat as an assay for anti-inflammatory drugs","volume":"111","author":"Winter","year":"1962","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-12-250","article-title":"Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production by chloroform fraction of Cudrania tricuspidata in RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874121002579?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874121002579?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:07:32Z","timestamp":1759943252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874121002579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["S0378874121002579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anti-inflammatory effect of leaves of Vernonia zeylanica in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and carrageenan-induced rat paw-edema model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114030"}}