{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T02:50:09Z","timestamp":1789872609818,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C2005836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C2005836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]],"date-time":"2021-07-24T19:15:11Z","timestamp":1627154111000},"page":"114453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of chloroform fraction of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus on atopic symptoms in a DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion model and in vitro models."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Eun-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sooyeon","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minsun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngjoo","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuk-Sang","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03471.x","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis: new immunologic aspects","volume":"47","author":"Avgerinou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/23495","article-title":"The chemokine receptor CCR4 in vascular recognition by cutaneous but not intestinal memory T cells","volume":"400","author":"Campbell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/35065000","article-title":"Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades","volume":"410","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.03.028","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects and underlying mechanisms of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du extract: implication for atopic dermatitis treatment","volume":"185","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020276","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of chloroform fraction of pyrus ussuriensis maxim. Leaf extract on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in nc\/nga mice","volume":"11","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s43188-019-00026-0","article-title":"Orostachys japonicus ethanol extract inhibits 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC\/Nga mice and TNF-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03b3-induced TARC expression in HaCaT cells","volume":"36","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicological research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1500","article-title":"The immunogenetics of asthma and eczema: a new focus on the epithelium","volume":"4","author":"Cookson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050189","article-title":"Mast cells and atopic dermatitis. Stereological quantification of mast cells in atopic dermatitis and normal human skin","volume":"289","author":"Damsgaard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2018.1436523","article-title":"Anti-allergic and anti-atopic dermatitis effects of Gardenia Fructus extract","volume":"29","author":"Debnath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Agric. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Peiminine attenuates acute lung injury induced by LPS through inhibiting lipid rafts formation","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.06.044","article-title":"Update on atopic dermatitis: diagnosis, severity assessment, and treatment selection","volume":"8","author":"Fishbein","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib12","first-page":"590","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"101","author":"Frazier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302520","article-title":"Does \u03b2-hexosaminidase function only as a degranulation indicator in mast cells? The primary role of \u03b2-hexosaminidase in mast cell granules","volume":"193","author":"Fukuishi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5382","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155382","article-title":"Regulation of filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin by IL-4, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-22, AHR, and NRF2: pathogenic implications in atopic dermatitis","volume":"21","author":"Furue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22091402","article-title":"Determination and visualization of peimine and peiminine content in fritillaria thunbergii bulbi treated by sulfur fumigation using hyperspectral imaging with chemometrics","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.11.022","article-title":"CD8+ T cells are recruited early to allergen exposure sites in atopy patch test reactions in human atopic dermatitis","volume":"127","author":"Hennino","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5571","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.9.5571","article-title":"Skin-infiltrating CD8+ T cells initiate atopic dermatitis lesions","volume":"178","author":"Hennino","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.456","article-title":"CD8(+) T cells in the lesional skin of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients are an important source of IFN-gamma, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-22","volume":"133","author":"Hijnen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1021\/tx049688+","article-title":"Selective haptenation of cellular or extracellular protein by chemical allergens: association with cytokine polarization","volume":"18","author":"Hopkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.04.031","article-title":"Cytokine modulation of atopic dermatitis filaggrin skin expression","volume":"120","author":"Howell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15199","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c05615","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of green Asparagus extract, especially phospholipids, on allergic responses in vitro and in vivo","volume":"68","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.10.054","article-title":"Topical application of porcine placenta extract inhibits the progression of experimental contact hypersensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Jash","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.06.137","article-title":"Suppression of thymus-and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC\/CCL17) production by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-\u03b2-d-glucose via blockade of NF-\u03baB and STAT1 activation in the HaCaT cells","volume":"387","author":"Ju","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.113237","article-title":"Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in atopic dermatitis: serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine level is closely related with disease activity","volume":"107","author":"Kakinuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.09.006","article-title":"Mast cells in atopic dermatitis","volume":"21","author":"Kawakami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.24","article-title":"TNF-alpha downregulates filaggrin and loricrin through c-Jun N-terminal kinase: role for TNF-alpha antagonists to improve skin barrier","volume":"131","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4168\/aard.2019.7.3.113","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis mouse models","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.4168\/aard.2013.1.1.20","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis and skin barrier dysfunction","volume":"1","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.22246\/jikm.2020.41.3.339","article-title":"Experimental study on anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectoration effects of friltillariae thunbergii Bulbus","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib30","series-title":"New Herbology","author":"Kim","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Topical administration of EGF suppresses immune response and protects skin barrier in DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in NC\/Nga mice","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.10.023","article-title":"Icariin inhibits TNF-alpha\/IFN-gamma induced inflammatory response via inhibition of the substance P and p38-MAPK signaling pathway in human keratinocytes","volume":"29","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevention of 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced inflammation in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in BALB\/c mice by Jawoongo","volume":"18","author":"Ku","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701138","article-title":"IL-4 suppresses the recovery of cutaneous permeability barrier functions in vivo","volume":"128","author":"Kurahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib35","first-page":"48","article-title":"Immunological homeostasis and inflammatory immune disorders","volume":"20","author":"Kwon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Korean Soc Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib36","series-title":"Iksaeng Yangsul Taejon","author":"Kwon","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib38","series-title":"Recent Trends in Nanoparticle Applications in Drug Delivery","author":"Lee","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib39","series-title":"Research Guidelines for Efficacy of Herbal Medicines","author":"Lee","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.07.005","article-title":"Cytokine secreted by S100A9 via TLR4 in monocytes delays neutrophil apoptosis by inhibition of caspase 9\/3 pathway","volume":"86","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020411","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of Centella asiatica extract on DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in HaCaT cells and BALB\/c mice","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.13-RAI-0564","article-title":"New insights into atopic dermatitis: role of skin barrier and immune dysregulation","volume":"62","author":"Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib37","first-page":"833","article-title":"Anti\u2011inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from the leaves and shoots of Cedrela odorata L. in cytokine\u2011stimulated keratinocytes","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.106484","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis: new insights and opportunities for therapeutic intervention","volume":"105","author":"Leung","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21060","article-title":"New insights into atopic dermatitis","volume":"113","author":"Leung","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071667","article-title":"Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus: traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicity","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.01.025","article-title":"Effect of peiminine on DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo and in vitro","volume":"56","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Weissella cibaria WIKIM28 ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells in BALB\/c mice","volume":"7","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib48","series-title":"Protection Effect of Fritillaria Thunbergii against Hyperthyroidism in Rats and Mice","author":"Lin","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib49","first-page":"379","article-title":"Studies on P-glycoprotein inhibitor of multidrug tumor in Bulbus fritillariae thunbergii","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin.J.Surg.Integr.Tradit.West.Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00307J","article-title":"Peiminine inhibits the IL-1\u03b2 induced inflammatory response in mouse articular chondrocytes and ameliorates murine osteoarthritis","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food & function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.2.1056","article-title":"IgE hyperproduction through enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of Janus kinase 3 in NC\/Nga mice, a model for human atopic dermatitis","volume":"162","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2348","article-title":"Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins","volume":"136","author":"Mosmann","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib53","first-page":"41","article-title":"CD30 expression on CD1a+ and CD8+ cells in atopic dermatitis and correlation with disease severity","volume":"18","author":"Oflazoglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol. : EJD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib54","first-page":"713","article-title":"Epidermal differentiation and skin barrier","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kor J Aesthet Cosmetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib55","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S359","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1296.210173","article-title":"Peimine inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines through regulation of the phosphorylation of NF-\u03baB and MAPKs in HMC-1 cells","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phcog. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.05.039","article-title":"Xanthii fructus extract inhibits TNF-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03b3-induced Th2-chemokines production via blockade of NF-\u03baB, STAT1 and p38-MAPK activation in human epidermal keratinocytes","volume":"171","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2018.73159","article-title":"Structure and function of the epidermal barrier in patients with atopic dermatitis - treatment options. Part one","volume":"35","author":"Pelc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Post\u0119py Dermatologii i Alergologii"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700581","article-title":"Investigation of mechanisms underlying the T-cell response to the hapten 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene","volume":"127","author":"Pickard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9070524","article-title":"Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of total alkaloids, peimisine, peimine and peiminine from the bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq, and evaluation of antioxidant activities of the extracts","volume":"9","author":"Ruan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1159\/000049520","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by topical application of mite antigens in NC\/Nga mice","volume":"126","author":"Sasakawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.20402\/ajbc.2017.0145","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects and innate immunity suppression by fritillaria ussuriensis extracts","volume":"16","author":"Seo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2004.01.001","article-title":"Both Th2 and Th1 chemokines (TARC\/CCL17, MDC\/CCL22, and Mig\/CXCL9) are elevated in sera from patients with atopic dermatitis","volume":"34","author":"Shimada","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2004.02.013","article-title":"Animal models for atopic dermatitis: are they relevant to human disease?","volume":"36","author":"Shiohara","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib65","first-page":"179","article-title":"Mast cells and inflammation","volume":"50","author":"Stassen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1976.01630330024005","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis and IgE: relationship between changes in IgE levels and severity of disease","volume":"112","author":"Stone","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(01)00320-7","article-title":"Osmotic stress up-regulates aquaporin-3 gene expression in cultured human keratinocytes","volume":"1522","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib68","series-title":"Two New Steroidal Alkaloids from the Bulbs of Fritillaria Thunbergii","author":"Suh","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib69","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis: natural history, diagnosis, and treatment","author":"Thomsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Scholarly Research Notices. 2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib70","series-title":"Reversing Multi-Drug Resistance on Tumour Cells and Pharmacokinetics Study on Ingredients in a Traditional Chinese Medicine Fritillaria Thunbergii Miq","author":"Tong","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.08.027","article-title":"Investigation of association of chemical profiles with the tracheobronchial relaxant activity of Chinese medicinal herb Beimu derived from various Fritillaria species","volume":"210","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2016.03.018","article-title":"Peimine, a main active ingredient of Fritillaria, exhibits anti-inflammatory and pain suppression properties at the cellular level","volume":"111","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib73","first-page":"550","article-title":"Determination of peimine and peiminine in Fritillaria thunbergii by HPLC-ELSD","volume":"40","author":"Xue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Yao xue xue bao= Acta pharmaceutica Sinica."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib74","first-page":"244","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic comparison of Fritillaria unibracteata, Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabensis and Fritillaria thunbergii cultivated","volume":"18","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin.J.Exp.Tradit.Med.Formulae."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib75","first-page":"2522","article-title":"Comparative studies on antiussive effect between Fritillaria unibracteata Hisao et KC Hisa and Fritillaria thunbergii Miq with chemical stimulation induced cough method","volume":"23","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med.Mater.Med.Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2013.822508","article-title":"Peimine impairs pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through the inhibition of the activation of NF-\u03baB and MAPK in LPS-induced RAW264. 7 macrophages","volume":"35","author":"Yi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib77","first-page":"1426","article-title":"Propofol attenuates mast cell degranulation via inhibiting the miR-221\/PI3K\/Akt\/Ca2 pathway","volume":"16","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Experimental and therapeutic medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib78","series-title":"Skin: Structure and Function, Dermatology in Clinical Practice","first-page":"1","author":"Zaidi","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib79","volume":"vol. 7","author":"Zappia","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib80","first-page":"30","article-title":"Study on the anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrhea effects of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hunan Guiding J. Tradit.Chin.Med.Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2016.12.012","article-title":"Comparison and evaluation of antimuscarinic and anti-inflammatory effects of five Bulbus fritillariae species based on UPLC-Q\/TOF integrated dual-luciferase reporter assay, PCA and ANN analysis","volume":"1041","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X06004375","article-title":"The effects of five alkaloids from Bulbus Fritillariae on the concentration of cAMP in HEK cells transfected with muscarinic M2 receptor plasmid","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.109432","article-title":"Alternative medicine for allergy and asthma","volume":"106","author":"Ziment","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874121006826?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874121006826?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T10:13:49Z","timestamp":1753611229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874121006826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S0378874121006826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of chloroform fraction of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus on atopic symptoms in a DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion model and in vitro models.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114453","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114453"}}