{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T11:40:23Z","timestamp":1783165223742,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T10:12:41Z","timestamp":1632910361000},"page":"114695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Thymus persicus (Ronniger ex Rech. f.) Jalas alleviates nociceptive and neuropathic pain behavior in mice: Multiple mechanisms of action"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"Donya Ziafatdoost","family":"Abed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reihaneh","family":"Sadeghian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6966-7493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-5362.297849","article-title":"Antinociceptive activity of Cnicus benedictus L. leaf extract: a mechanistic evaluation","volume":"15","author":"Ahmadimoghaddam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113990","article-title":"Bupleurum falcatum L. alleviates nociceptive and neuropathic pain: potential Mechanisms of Action","author":"Ahmadimoghaddam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Carvacrol abates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by augmenting Keap1\/Nrf-2\/p62 directed autophagy and mitochondrial quality control in neuropathic pain","volume":"10","author":"Arruri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib4","first-page":"31","article-title":"The analgesic effect of Echinophora platyloba hydroalcoholic extract in male rats","volume":"18","author":"Asgari Nematian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Babol Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib5","first-page":"74","article-title":"Assessment of the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Ducrosia anethifolia essential oil in mice","volume":"22","author":"Asgari Nematian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. J. Kurdistan. Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02999.x","article-title":"EFNS guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain: 2010 revision","volume":"17","author":"Attal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib7","series-title":"The Canon of Medicine","author":"Avicenna","year":"1999"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274165","article-title":"The plasticity of descending controls in pain: translational probing","volume":"595","author":"Bannister","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56030097","article-title":"Iranian medicinal plants: from ethnomedicine to actual studies","volume":"56","author":"Buso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2014.01.007","article-title":"Side effects of commonly prescribed analgesic medications","volume":"25","author":"Carter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2012.01552.x","article-title":"Antinociceptive activity of carvacrol (5\u2010isopropyl\u20102\u2010methylphenol) in mice","volume":"64","author":"Cavalcante Melo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2632","article-title":"Chronic at-and below-level pain after moderate unilateral cervical spinal cord contusion in rats","volume":"30","author":"Detloff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(77)90130-0","article-title":"The formalin test: a quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine, and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats","volume":"4","author":"Dubuisson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.03.029","article-title":"Study on the antinociceptive effects of Thymus broussonetii Boiss extracts in mice and rats","volume":"107","author":"Elhabazi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib16","first-page":"162","article-title":"Assessment of the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and acute toxicity effects of solanum dulcamara essential oil in male mice","volume":"22","author":"Fallahzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Babol Univ. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib17","first-page":"140","article-title":"Preliminary phytochemical screening, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of Eryngium pyramidale Boiss. & Husson essential oil in male rat","volume":"3","author":"Fallahzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Entomol. appl. sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Finnerup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.06.019","article-title":"The evidence for pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain","volume":"150","author":"Finnerup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2014.928587","article-title":"Treating chronic pain: the need for non-opioid options","volume":"7","author":"Garland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expet Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib21","first-page":"1058","article-title":"Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of methanolic extract of Lallemantia iberica in adult male rats","volume":"19","author":"Golshani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Armaghane. Danesh."},{"issue":"62","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib22","first-page":"85","article-title":"Antinociceptive and acute toxicity effects of Erigeron acer L. In adult male rats","volume":"2","author":"Golshani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113862","article-title":"Peripheral nitric oxide signaling directly blocks inflammatory pain","volume":"176","author":"Gomes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2012-9-1006","article-title":"Orofacial analgesic-like activity of carvacrol in rodents","volume":"67","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2012","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. C Biosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-011-0715-x","article-title":"Carvacrol attenuates mechanical hypernociception and inflammatory response","volume":"385","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2012","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2019.126435","article-title":"Acute human toxicity and mortality after selenium ingestion: a review","volume":"58","author":"Hadrup","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04094","article-title":"GluN2B and GluN2D NMDARs dominate synaptic responses in the adult spinal cord","volume":"4","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.111916","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of active ingredients in the essential oils from Gynura procumbens, a traditional medicine and a new and popular food material","volume":"239","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5642","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15284","article-title":"Cytokine activin C ameliorates chronic neuropathic pain in peripheral nerve injury rodents by modulating the TRPV1 channel","volume":"177","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3481-8","article-title":"An overview of treatment approaches for chronic pain management","volume":"37","author":"Hylands-White","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0484-3","article-title":"Pain in OA: is cartilage loss a major contributor?","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.05.043","article-title":"Antinociceptive effect of the essential oil of Zingiber zerumbet in mice: possible mechanisms","volume":"137","author":"Khalid","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.12.030","article-title":"Differential regulation of peripheral IL-1\u03b2-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats","volume":"155","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib34","first-page":"201","article-title":"Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Potentilla reptans L. in the adult male rat","volume":"24","author":"Mahmoodi","year":"2016","journal-title":"SSU._Journals."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib35","first-page":"119","article-title":"Antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Hedera helix in male rat","volume":"20","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avicenna. J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66930-w","article-title":"Affective dimensions of pain and region-specific involvement of nitric oxide in the development of empathic hyperalgesia","volume":"10","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12533","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2840-11.2011","article-title":"Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is dependent on the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1\u03b2 and TNF: implications for neuropathic pain","volume":"31","author":"Nadeau","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9080961","article-title":"A review on applications and uses of Thymus in the food industry","volume":"9","author":"Nieto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001867","article-title":"Physical disuse contributes to widespread chronic mechanical hyperalgesia, tactile allodynia, and cold allodynia through neurogenic inflammation and spino-parabrachio-amygdaloid pathway activation","volume":"161","author":"Ohmichi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib40","first-page":"625","article-title":"Role of L-arginine\/NO\/cGMP\/KATP channel signaling pathway in the central and peripheral antinociceptive effect of thymoquinone in rats","volume":"21","author":"Parvardeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0120-6","article-title":"Anti-nociception is selectively enhanced by parallel inhibition of multiple subtypes of monoamine transporters in rat models of persistent and neuropathic pain","volume":"182","author":"Pedersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.10.027","article-title":"Mechanical allodynia circuitry in the dorsal horn is defined by the nature of the injury","volume":"109","author":"Peirs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.11.006","article-title":"Effects of monoamine reuptake inhibitors in assays of acute pain-stimulated and pain-depressed behavior in rats","volume":"14","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.01.020","article-title":"Thymus spp. plants-Food applications and phytopharmacy properties","volume":"85","author":"Salehi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-009-0261-1","article-title":"Insecticidal properties of Thymus persicus essential oil against Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae","volume":"83","author":"Saroukolai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pest. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib46","article-title":"Synergistic interaction between rilmenidine and ibuprofen in the writhing test in mice","volume":"30","author":"Soukupova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib47","first-page":"83","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris","volume":"11","author":"Streijger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib48","first-page":"3923","article-title":"Antibacterial activity and chemical constitutions of essential oils of Thymus persicus and Thymus eriocalyx from west of Iran","volume":"10","author":"Talei","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62045-4","article-title":"Teriparatide relieves ovariectomy-induced hyperalgesia in rats, suggesting the involvement of functional regulation in primary sensory neurons by PTH-mediated signaling","volume":"10","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.09.203","article-title":"Essential oil composition, total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of Thymus species collected from different regions of Iran","volume":"220","author":"Tohidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa430","article-title":"Central opioid receptors mediate morphine-induced itch and chronic itch via disinhibition","volume":"144","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109099","article-title":"Persistent at-level thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia accompany chronic neuronal and astrocyte activation in superficial dorsal horn following mouse cervical contusion spinal cord injury","volume":"9","author":"Watson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113604","article-title":"Artemisia biennis Willd.: anti-Nociceptive effects and possible mechanisms of action","volume":"268","author":"Zarei","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695_bib54","first-page":"111","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Zargari","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874121009247?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874121009247?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:12:09Z","timestamp":1759943529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874121009247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0378874121009247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thymus persicus (Ronniger ex Rech. f.) Jalas alleviates nociceptive and neuropathic pain behavior in mice: Multiple mechanisms of action","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114695","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114695"}}