{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:05:16Z","timestamp":1790795116963,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":217,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T07:51:58Z","timestamp":1641801118000},"page":"114977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Traditionally used polyherbals in a southern African therapeutic context"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"288","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4859-1845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.F.","family":"Van Vuuren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.E.","family":"Motlhatlego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Netshia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medicinal uses of honey","volume":"8","author":"Abeshu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.01.011","article-title":"Endophytic fungi isolated from Pelargonium sidoides DC: antimicrobial interaction and isolation of a bioactive compound","volume":"122","author":"Aboobaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.09-126R","article-title":"In vivo studies on antidiabetic plants used in South African herbal medicine","volume":"47","author":"Afolayan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.08.011","article-title":"Sexual prowess from nature: a systematic review of medicinal plants used as aphrodisiacs and sexual dysfunction in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"122","author":"Ajao","year":"2019","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib5","first-page":"177","article-title":"A survey of medicinal plants used by the traditional medicinal practitioners of Khulna City, Bangladesh","volume":"5","author":"Akber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am.-Eurasian J. Sustain. Agric. (AEJSA)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib6","series-title":"Instructions to authors in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","first-page":"1","author":"American Society for Microbiology","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.12.010","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation in disease therapy","volume":"503","author":"Antushevich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2016.01.001","article-title":"Ethnobotanical survey of culinary herbs and spices used in the traditional medicinal system of Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa","volume":"104","author":"Asowata-Ayodele","year":"2016","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2006.08.001","article-title":"Activity of 7-methyljuglone in combination with antituberculous drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"13","author":"Bapela","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib10","first-page":"2431","article-title":"Influence of apple cider vinegar on blood lipids","volume":"9","author":"Beheshti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.5455\/jice.20160814115725","article-title":"Medicinal plants used by traditional healers from South-West Algeria: an ethnobotanical study","volume":"5","author":"Benarba","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intercult Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(95)01276-J","article-title":"Traditional herbal medicine in Transkei","volume":"48","author":"Bhat","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2010.07633.x","article-title":"Sugar signalling and antioxidant network connections in plant cells","volume":"277","author":"Bolouri-Moghaddam","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/42388","article-title":"Salt enhances flavour by suppressing bitterness","volume":"387","author":"Breslin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib14","series-title":"Zulu Medicine and Medicine-Men","author":"Bryant","year":"1966"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NP00011A","article-title":"Synergy and antagonism in natural product extracts: when 1+ 1 does not equal 2","volume":"36","author":"Caesar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.12.029","article-title":"Tissue lipid lowering-effect of a traditional Nigerian anti-diabetic infusion of Rauwolfia vomitoria foilage and Citrus aurantium fruit","volume":"104","author":"Campbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib17","first-page":"231","article-title":"Essential fatty acids and human brain","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Taiwan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2012.18.2.123","article-title":"Hiccup: mystery, nature and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5125","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18055125","article-title":"Herb-herb combination for therapeutic enhancement and advancement: theory, practice and future perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Che","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6083438","article-title":"Self-healing characteristics of damaged rock salt under different healing conditions","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12228","article-title":"Vinegar functions on health: constituents, sources, and formation mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib22","first-page":"81","article-title":"Analysis of active patents to investigate the frequency and patterns of Chinese herbal extract combinations claiming to treat heart disease","volume":"3","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666171017102547","article-title":"Impact of dietary fats on brain functions","volume":"16","author":"Chianese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2012.05.002","article-title":"Development and characterization of an atorvastatin solid dispersion formulation using skimmed milk for improved oral bioavailability","volume":"2","author":"Choudhary","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.04.001","article-title":"A review of the traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of selected parasite infections affecting humans","volume":"220","author":"Cock","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113204","article-title":"The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases: a review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations","volume":"263","author":"Cock","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113194","article-title":"The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants in the treatment of viral respiratory diseases: a review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations","volume":"262","author":"Cock","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112539","article-title":"A review of the traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of fungal skin infections","volume":"251","author":"Cock","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2010.09.017","article-title":"Ethnobotanical plant uses in the KwaNibela peninsula, St Lucia, South Africa","volume":"77","author":"Corrigan","year":"2011","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0b013e31826069d0","article-title":"Potential health benefits of whole grain wheat components","volume":"47","author":"Dalton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.10.063","article-title":"Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used to manage high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bitterfontein, Western Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"194","author":"Davids","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2011.03.013","article-title":"An ethnobotanical survey of the agter\u2013hantam, northern Cape province, South Africa","volume":"77","author":"De Beer","year":"2011","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib33","series-title":"Fermented Milks | Fermented Milks and Yogurt in Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2007.07.001","article-title":"An ethnobotanical survey of southern African","volume":"74","author":"De Wet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Menispermaceae. S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.05.004","article-title":"Medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in northern Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa","volume":"130","author":"De Wet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2011.04.002","article-title":"Medicinal plants used for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections by lay people in northern Maputaland, KwaZulu\u2013Natal Province, South Africa","volume":"78","author":"De Wet","year":"2012","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-9-51","article-title":"Medicinal plants used for the treatment of various skin disorders by a rural community in northern Maputaland, South Africa","volume":"9","author":"De Wet","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2014.06.009","article-title":"Traditional herbal remedies used by women in a rural community in northern Maputaland (South Africa) for the treatment of gynaecology and obstetric complaints","volume":"94","author":"De Wet","year":"2014","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2015.08.011","article-title":"The use of indigenous medicine for the treatment of hypertension by a rural community in northern Maputaland, South Africa","volume":"103","author":"De Wet","year":"2016","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib40","series-title":"Traditional Ethnoveterinary Medicine in East Africa: A Manual on the Use of Medicinal Plants","author":"Dharani","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib41","series-title":"Kook-, Koek-En Resepte Boek. Paarlse Drukpers Maatskappy, Paarl, South Africa","author":"Dykman","year":"1891"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112675","article-title":"Garlic and onions: an eastern tale","volume":"253","author":"Ek\u015fi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197112232852622","article-title":"Granulated sugar as treatment for hiccups in conscious patients","volume":"285","author":"Engleman","year":"1971","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib44","first-page":"523","article-title":"Antibacterial and antioxidant activities and phytochemical screening of aqueous methanol extracts of eight Nigerian medicinal and aromatic plants","volume":"10","author":"Faboro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061222","article-title":"Health benefits of green banana consumption: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Falcomer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib46","first-page":"91","article-title":"Toxicological evaluation of polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis in Eastern Cape, South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Famewo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib47","series-title":"South African Traditional Healers' Primary Health Care Handbook","author":"Felhaber","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib48","article-title":"Dietary fat and cardiometabolic health: evidence, controversies, and consensus for guidance","volume":"361","author":"Forouhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.2741\/4704","article-title":"Impact of sugar on the body, brain, and behavior","volume":"23","author":"Freeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.10.012","article-title":"Grasses in South African traditional medicine: a review of their biological activities and phytochemical content","volume":"122","author":"Gebashe","year":"2019","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/02561751.1941.9676141","article-title":"A preliminary check list of Zulu names of plants: with short notes","volume":"15","author":"Gerstner","year":"1941","journal-title":"Bantu St"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12151","article-title":"Why sugar is added to food: food science 101","volume":"14","author":"Goldfein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2013.06.004","article-title":"Upper respiratory infections","volume":"40","author":"Grief","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.04.033","article-title":"Inhibitory properties of selected South African medicinal plants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"130","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.03.005","article-title":"Medicinal brandy","volume":"82","author":"Guly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib56","first-page":"530","article-title":"Synergistic protective effect of picrorhiza with honey in acetaminophen induced hepatic injury","volume":"54","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40643-016-0105-9","article-title":"Current status of cow dung as a bioresource for sustainable development","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioresour. Bioprocess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-6-25","article-title":"Bovine milk in human nutrition \u2013 a review","volume":"6","author":"Haug","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib59","series-title":"Dietary Salt, High Blood Pressure and Other Harmful Effects on Health, Reducing Salt in Foods: Practical Strategies","author":"He","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-2977(95)00015-5","article-title":"Liquorice-induced hypertension\u2014a new understanding of an old disease: case report and brief review","volume":"47","author":"Heikens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neth. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2445","article-title":"Considerations for using sucrose to reduce procedural pain in preterm infants","volume":"125","author":"Holsti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.11.002","article-title":"Role of lipids in the metabolism and activation of immune cells","volume":"34","author":"Hubler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2014.04.005","article-title":"Interactive antimicrobial and toxicity profiles of conventional antimicrobials with southern African medicinal plants","volume":"93","author":"H\u00fcbsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcbsch, Z., van Vuuren, S., Van Zyl, R. Can rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea have an effect on conventional antimicrobial therapies? South Afr. J. Bot. 93, 148-156.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2014.04.004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2009.06.012","article-title":"Ethnobotany, leaf anatomy, essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Pteronia onobromoides (Asteraceae)","volume":"76","author":"Hulley","year":"2010","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib66","series-title":"Wild Flowers of Natal","author":"Hulme","year":"1954"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib67","series-title":"Zulu Medicinal Plants:An Inventory","author":"Hutchings","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib68","first-page":"189","article-title":"Ritual cleansing, incense and the tree of life-observations on some indigenous plant usage in traditional Zulu and Xhosa purification and burial rites","volume":"14","author":"Hutchings","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alternation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(94)90008-6","article-title":"Plants used for stress-related ailments in traditional Zulu, Xhosa and Sotho medicine. Part 1: plants used for headaches","volume":"43","author":"Hutchings","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159843","article-title":"Rinsing with saline promotes human gingival fibroblast wound healing in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Huynh","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib71","first-page":"163","article-title":"Effect of apple cider vinegar on blood glucose level in diabetic mice","volume":"20","author":"Iman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000407797","article-title":"Identification of low caries risk dietary components","volume":"11","author":"Imfeld","year":"1983","journal-title":"Monogr. Oral Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib73","series-title":"African Folk Medicine: Practices and Beliefs of the Bambara and Other Peoples","author":"Imperato","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib74","series-title":"Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib75","first-page":"514","article-title":"A review of diabetes mellitus and herbs in Ayurveda","volume":"2","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Imp. J. Interdiscip. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib76","first-page":"61","article-title":"Vinegar: medicinal uses and antiglycemic effect","volume":"8","author":"Johnston","year":"2006","journal-title":"MedGenMed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib77","first-page":"152","article-title":"Banana medicinal uses","volume":"4","author":"Jyothirmayi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587212460241","article-title":"Traditional medicinal plants: a source of phytotherapeutic modality in resource-constrained health care settings","volume":"18","author":"Karunamoorthi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Evid Based Comp. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4514.2009.00212.x","article-title":"Antioxidants in onion (Allium Cepa L) cultivars grown in India","volume":"33","author":"Kaur","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/jib.432","article-title":"Screening of bioactive components in grape and apple vinegars: antioxidant and antimicrobial potential","volume":"123","author":"Kelebek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Inst. Brew."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12533","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties and isotope investigations of South African honey","volume":"117","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib82","series-title":"An Inventory of the Most Popular Medicinal Barks Sold on Johannesburg Muthi Markets and the Antimicrobal Activity of Selected Extracts and Isolated Chemical Compounds","author":"Khumalo","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.111867","article-title":"The new buzz: investigating the antimicrobial interactions between bioactive compounds found in South African propolis","volume":"238","author":"Kharsany","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib84","series-title":"Comparison of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda","author":"Kim","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.63.905","article-title":"Enhancing effect of dietary vinegar on the intestinal absorption of calcium in ovariectomized rats","volume":"63","author":"Kishi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2011.03.001","article-title":"Tualang honey has higher phenolic content and greater radical scavenging activity compared with other honey sources","volume":"31","author":"Kishore","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2017.03.005","article-title":"An ethnobotanical survey of traditional medicinal plants used against lymphatic filariasis in South Africa","volume":"111","author":"Komoreng","year":"2017","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa110","article-title":"Public health guidelines should recommend reducing saturated fat consumption as much as possible: YES","volume":"112","author":"Kris-Etherton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib88","first-page":"283","article-title":"Allium cepa: a traditional medicinal herb and its health benefits","volume":"2","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharmaceut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib89","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nutritional contents and medicinal properties of wheat: a review","volume":"22","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Life Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib90","first-page":"51","article-title":"Traditional and medicinal uses of banana","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587216671392","article-title":"The significance of Ayurvedic medicinal plants","volume":"22","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2020.1731299","article-title":"Linoleic acid, \u03b1-linolenic acid, and monolinolenins as antibacterial substances in the heat-processed soybean fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus","volume":"84","author":"Kusumah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(98)00185-8","article-title":"In vitro inhibition of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by ethnobotanically selected South African plants","volume":"66","author":"Lall","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2010.58.5.421","article-title":"Drug interaction: focusing on response surface models","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/S1876-3553(10)60027-0","article-title":"Study on Chinese medicine component combinations for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Lei","year":"2009","journal-title":"World Sci.Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200303000-00008","article-title":"An unusual cause of hypokalemic paralysis: chronic licorice ingestion","volume":"325","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2008.11.001","article-title":"Artemisia afra: a potential flagship for African medicinal plants?","volume":"75","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2013.04.002","article-title":"Southern African medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases","volume":"87","author":"Mabona","year":"2013","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2017.12.013","article-title":"An inventory of Vhaven\u1e13a useful plants","volume":"122","author":"Magwede","year":"2019","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/617459","article-title":"Traditional medicines in Africa: an appraisal of ten potent African medicinal plants","author":"Mahomoodally","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2013.05.004","article-title":"An ethnobotanical survey of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the traditional healers of the Lwamondo area, Limpopo province, South Africa","volume":"88","author":"Mahwasane","year":"2013","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib102","first-page":"99","article-title":"A review on lozenges","volume":"5","author":"Majekodunmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2021.e00795","article-title":"Processing, nutritional composition and microbiology of amasi: a Southern African fermented milk product","volume":"12","author":"Maleke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific African"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4679","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8472","article-title":"The synergistic potential of various teas, herbs and therapeutic drugs in health improvement: a review","volume":"97","author":"Malongane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90045-0","article-title":"A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down? Perspectives on the use of sugar in children's medicines","volume":"39","author":"Manley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.1999.5.81","article-title":"Dementia in ayurveda","volume":"5","author":"Manyam","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Alternative Compl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6403905","article-title":"Elephantorrhiza elephantina: traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of an important medicinal plant species in Southern Africa","author":"Maroyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v77i1.2","article-title":"The use of a rat model to evaluate the in vivo toxicity and wound healing activity of selected Combretum and Terminalia (Combretaceae) species extracts","volume":"77","author":"Masoko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.01.029","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in Limpopo Province, South Africa","volume":"105","author":"Mathabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.10.028","article-title":"South African traditional herbal formulation inhibits \u03b1-glucosidase, DPP-IV and glycation activities, and modulates glucose utilisation in Chang liver cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"121","author":"Matsabisa","year":"2019","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.08.022","article-title":"The potential of South African plants against Mycobacterium infections","volume":"119","author":"McGaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib112","first-page":"152","article-title":"Plants-herbal wealth as a potential source of Ayurvedic drugs","volume":"4","author":"Meena","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian J. Tradit. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib113","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Go mutra (Cow urine) and its uses: an overview","volume":"7","author":"Meena","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Entomol Zool Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib114","first-page":"5770","article-title":"In vitro antiplasmodial activities of extracts from five plants used singly and in combination against Plasmodium falciparum parasites","volume":"6","author":"Melariri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bju053","article-title":"\u201cA spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down\u201d: bitter masking by sucrose among children and adults","volume":"40","author":"Mennella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02167-19","article-title":"Fact versus fiction: a review of the evidence behind alcohol and antibiotic interactions","volume":"64","author":"Mergenhagen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib219","first-page":"38","article-title":"A comparison of vinegar compresses vs. cold water & water with vinegar for treating of fever at tropical hospitals","volume":"2","author":"Mohammed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20080207","article-title":"Salt and high blood pressure","volume":"117","author":"Mohan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib118","first-page":"20","article-title":"Diversified uses of cow urine","volume":"6","author":"Mohanty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.09.029","article-title":"Medicinal uses of selected wild edible vegetables consumed by Vhavenda of the Vhembe District Municipality, South Africa","volume":"122","author":"Mokganya","year":"2019","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmx023","article-title":"Perspective: cardiovascular responses to sugar-sweetened beverages in humans: a narrative review with potential hemodynamic mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Monnard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.04.003","article-title":"Consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-supplemented diet during colitis development ameliorates gut inflammation without causing steatosis in mice","volume":"57","author":"Moreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.02.002","article-title":"Medicinal plants used for contraception in South Africa: a review","volume":"235","author":"Moroole","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.10.062","article-title":"Medicinal plants used in Lesotho for treatment of reproductive and post reproductive problems","volume":"194","author":"Moteetee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2014.07.002","article-title":"Interactive efficacies of Elephantorrhiza elephantina and Pentanisia prunelloides extracts and isolated compounds against gastrointestinal bacteria","volume":"94","author":"Mpofu","year":"2014","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.07.018","article-title":"Plants traditionally used individually and in combination to treat sexually transmitted infections in northern Maputaland, South Africa: antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity","volume":"149","author":"Naidoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2016.1158287","article-title":"Plants used to treat skin diseases in northern Maputaland, South Africa: antimicrobial activity and in vitro permeability studies","volume":"54","author":"Nciki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.10.025","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial synergism within plant extract combinations from three South African medicinal bulbs","volume":"139","author":"Ncube","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2011.09.002","article-title":"Commercial herbal preparations in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: the urban face of traditional medicine","volume":"77","author":"Ndhlala","year":"2011","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib130","series-title":"African Ethnobotany: Poisons and Drugs: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology","author":"Neuwinger","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-019-0311-6","article-title":"Traditional medicinal animal use by Xhosa and Sotho communities in the Western Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"15","author":"Nieman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.04.049","article-title":"Medicinal plants of the kamiesberg, namaqualand, South Africa","volume":"171","author":"Nortje","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib133","article-title":"Sweet solution analgesia","author":"Nuseir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Relief: From Analgesics to Alternative Therapies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00081","article-title":"Alcohol-mediated organ damages: heart and brain","volume":"9","author":"Obad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.5251\/abjna.2010.1.3.366.376","article-title":"Antimicrobial evaluation, acute and subchronic toxicity studies of Leone Bitters, a Nigerian polyherbal formulation, in rodents","volume":"1","author":"Ogbonnia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. Biol. J. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib136","first-page":"437","article-title":"Hyraceum, the fossilized metabolic product of rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis): shows GABA-benzodiazepine receptor affinity","volume":"103","author":"Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3529081","article-title":"Medicinal plants used in traditional management of cancer in Uganda: a review of ethnobotanical surveys, phytochemistry, and anticancer studies","author":"Omara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib138","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Assessment of antioxidant capacities and phenolic contents of Nigerian cultivars of onions (Allium cepa l) and garlic (Allium sativum l)","volume":"29","author":"Onyeoziri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/21553769.2015.1053628","article-title":"Antidiabetic effect of combined spices of Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale and Capsicum frutescens in alloxan-induced diabetic rats","volume":"8","author":"Otunola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v15i8.30","article-title":"Ethnoveterinary survey of tradomedical importance of Bos taurus L urine, bile and dung in Nigeria and South Africa","volume":"15","author":"Oyedeji-Amusa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop. J. Pharmaceut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib141","first-page":"191","article-title":"Herbal medicines in African traditional medicine","volume":"10","author":"Ozioma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Herbal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib142","series-title":"Palgrave's Trees of Southern Africa","author":"Palgrave","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib143","series-title":"Trees of Southern Africa: Covering All Known Indigenous Species in the Republic of South Africa, South-West Africa, Botswana, Lesotho & Swaziland","author":"Palmer","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib144","series-title":"A List of South African Indigenous Plants Used as Remedies by the Colonists of the Cape of Good Hope","author":"Pappe","year":"1847"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.134229","article-title":"Polyherbal formulation: concept of ayurveda","volume":"8","author":"Parasuraman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phcog. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6178","article-title":"Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): a phytochemical and pharmacological review","volume":"32","author":"Pastorino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib217","article-title":"Honey, propolis, and royal jelly: A comprehensive review of their biological actions and health benefits","volume":"259510","author":"Pasupuleti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/neh140","article-title":"Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine: a comparative overview","volume":"2","author":"Patwardhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102005000300022","article-title":"Sugar content in liquid oral medicines for children","volume":"39","author":"Peres","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Saude Publica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib149","series-title":"Ayurvedic Medicine. The Principles of Traditional Practice","author":"Pole","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib215","series-title":"The Complete Field Guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei","author":"Pooley","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2018.06.016","article-title":"Therapeutic potentials and compositional changes of valuable compounds from banana-A review","volume":"79","author":"Qamar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib151","first-page":"584","article-title":"Anti diabetic potential of selected medicinal plants and cow derived products","volume":"7","author":"Rajput","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2018.12.001","article-title":"Toxicology of medicinal plants and combinations used in rural northern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) for the treatment of hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Ramulondi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007964","article-title":"Fungal diseases as neglected pathogens: a wake-up call to public health officials","volume":"14","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib154","series-title":"Uit Die Veldapteek","author":"Rood","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-016-0652-7","article-title":"Pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: are fructose-containing sugars more involved than other dietary calories?","volume":"18","author":"Rosset","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2009.10.021","article-title":"Vinegar lacks antiglycemic action on enteral carbohydrate absorption in human subjects","volume":"29","author":"Salbe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2019.02.013","article-title":"Potential application of waste fruit peels (orange, yellow lemon and banana) as wide range natural antimicrobial agent","volume":"32","author":"Saleem","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib216","first-page":"121","article-title":"Honey and health: A review of recent clinical research","volume":"9","author":"Samarghandian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib158","first-page":"407","article-title":"Halite; the rock salt: enormous health benefits","volume":"5","author":"Sarker","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Pharmaceut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib159","first-page":"579","article-title":"Screening of medicinal plants for secondary metabolites","volume":"8","author":"Savithramma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Middle East J. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12991","article-title":"New unsweetened truths about sugar","volume":"174","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.10.020","article-title":"Pioneers in ethnopharmacology: the Dutch east India company(VOC) at the Cape from 1650 to 1800","volume":"115","author":"Scott","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.04.047","article-title":"Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the Maseru district of Lesotho","volume":"170","author":"Seleteng Kose","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.09.027","article-title":"Medicinal plants used by the Bapedi traditional healers to treat diarrhoea in the Limpopo Province, South Africa","volume":"144","author":"Semenya","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-10-4","article-title":"Bapedi traditional healers in the Limpopo Province, South Africa: their socio-cultural profile and traditional healing practice","volume":"10","author":"Semenya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib165","first-page":"25","article-title":"A Review on: preservatives used in pharmaceuticals and impacts on health","volume":"4","author":"Shaikh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2017.06.009","article-title":"Systematic study on active compounds as antibacterial and antibiofilm agent in aging onions","volume":"26","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib167","first-page":"38","article-title":"Medicinal plants folklore and Ayurvedic system of medicine in the Indo-Tibetan outer Himalayas","volume":"75","author":"Sharma","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Tenn. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587217753004","article-title":"Diabetes control: is vinegar a promising candidate to help achieve targets?","volume":"23","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Evid.-Based Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib169","series-title":"Use Among the Natives","article-title":"A contribution to South African materia medica: chiefly from plants","author":"Smith","year":"1895"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib170","series-title":"Gethyllis Linearis L. Bolus. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants Version 2020.1","author":"Snijman","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2016.08.004","article-title":"Evaluation for substitution of stem bark with small branches of Myrica esculenta for medicinal use. A comparative phytochemical study","volume":"7","author":"Srivastava","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.08.010","article-title":"Review on plants with CNS-effects used in traditional South African medicine against mental diseases","volume":"119","author":"Stafford","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00053-9","article-title":"Traditional herbal remedies used by South African women for gynaecological complaints","volume":"86","author":"Steenkamp","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3109\/13880206109066643","article-title":"Sclerocarya caffra","volume":"1","author":"Steinmetz","year":"1961","journal-title":"Q. J. Of Crude Drug Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7279361","article-title":"Synergism of Chinese herbal medicine: illustrated by Danshen compound","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2010.07.003","article-title":"Validating the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Artemisia afra in polyherbal combinations to treat respiratory infections","volume":"76","author":"Suliman","year":"2010","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib178","series-title":"Antimicrobial Interaction of Artemisia Afra Used in African Traditional Medicine","author":"Suliman","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.10.008","article-title":"Effects of glucose ingestion on autonomic and cardiovascular measures during rest and mental challenge","volume":"74","author":"Synowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib180","first-page":"274","article-title":"Investigating histopathologic the synergistic effect of topical use of Mentha pulegium essential oil and honey in healing of cutaneous ulcers","volume":"18","author":"Takzaree","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.08.013","article-title":"Medicinal plant use in the bredasdorp\/elim region of the southern overberg in the western Cape province of South Africa","volume":"103","author":"Thring","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2017.05.021","article-title":"Evaluation of traditionally used medicinal plants for anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral (HPV-1) activity","volume":"112","author":"Twilley","year":"2017","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113101","article-title":"A review on traditionally used South African medicinal plants, their secondary metabolites and their potential development into anticancer agents","volume":"261","author":"Twilley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2327-5146.1000132","article-title":"Honey and its anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant properties","volume":"2","author":"Vallianou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2017.11.011","article-title":"Antibacterial screening, synergy studies and phenolic content of seven South African medicinal plants against drug-sensitive and-resistant microbial strains","volume":"114","author":"Vambe","year":"2018","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib186","series-title":"The Antimicrobial Activity and Essential Oil Composition of Medicinal Aromatic Plants Used in African Traditional Healing","author":"Van Vuuren","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.06.031","article-title":"In vitro evidence of phyto-synergy for plant part combinations of Croton gratissimus (Euphorbiaceae) used in African traditional healing","volume":"119","author":"Van Vuuren","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1250736","article-title":"Plant-based antimicrobial studies\u2013methods and approaches to study the interaction between natural products","volume":"77","author":"Van Vuuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib189","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antimicrobial evaluation of plants used for the treatment of diarrhoea in a rural community in northern Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"15","author":"Van Vuuren","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.07.021","article-title":"A review of Khoi-San and Cape Dutch medical ethnobotany","volume":"119","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2008.05.001","article-title":"An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in the southeastern Karoo, South Africa","volume":"74","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2008","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib193","series-title":"Medicinal Plants of South Africa","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2011.08.003","article-title":"The potential of South African plants in the development of new food and beverage products","volume":"77","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2011","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2016.11.011","article-title":"The history and ethnobotany of Cape herbal teas","volume":"110","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib196","series-title":"People's Plants: A Guide to Useful Plants of Southern Africa","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00191-0","article-title":"Osmitopsis asteriscoides (Asteraceae)-the antimicrobial activity and essential oil composition of a Cape-Dutch remedy","volume":"88","author":"Viljoen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib198","series-title":"Medicinal, Poisonous, and Edible Plants in Namibia","author":"Von Koenen","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2021.08.009","article-title":"Cinnamic aldehyde, isolated from Cinnamomum cassia, alone and in combination with pyrazinamide against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo","volume":"144","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib200","series-title":"The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa","author":"Watt","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2018.11.003","article-title":"An inventory and analysis of the food plants of southern Africa","volume":"122","author":"Welcome","year":"2019","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/hts.v71i3.2762","article-title":"The concept of diseases and health care in African traditional religion in Ghana","volume":"71","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"HTS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib203","series-title":"Diosma Oppositifolia L. (Rutaceae)","author":"Wigget","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2005.11.004","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties of salt (NaCl) used for the preservation of natural casings","volume":"23","author":"Wijnker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.12.024","article-title":"A picture of health? Animal use and the Faraday traditional medicine market, South Africa","volume":"179","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-7113-00060","article-title":"Synergy and other interactions in phytomedicines","volume":"8","author":"Williamson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib207","author":"WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib208","first-page":"1","article-title":"A taste for salt in the history of medicine","author":"Wormer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci. trib."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1557893","article-title":"The pharmacological activities of licorice","volume":"81","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.03.072","article-title":"Plants used for treating respiratory infections in rural Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"135","author":"York","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.08.038","article-title":"An antimicrobial evaluation of plants used for the treatment of respiratory infections in rural Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"144","author":"York","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib212","first-page":"1281","article-title":"Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn) as a valuable medicinal plant","volume":"1","author":"Zadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Adv Biol Biom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.04.003","article-title":"Antimicrobial interactions of Khoi-San poly-herbal remedies with emphasis on the combination; Agathosma crenulata, Dodonaea viscosa and Eucalyptus globulus","volume":"148","author":"Zonyane","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00186-0","article-title":"Plant part substitution \u2013 a way to conserve endangered medicinal plants?","volume":"71","author":"Zschocke","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874122000113?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874122000113?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:18:38Z","timestamp":1759943918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874122000113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":217,"alternative-id":["S0378874122000113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Traditionally used polyherbals in a southern African therapeutic context","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114977","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114977"}}