{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T01:31:02Z","timestamp":1780363862407,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004937","name":"Federal Ministry of Education Science Research and Technology Berlin Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001655","name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DAAD 57369155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DAAD 57369155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01DG17008B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01DG17008B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T11:32:49Z","timestamp":1655897569000},"page":"115501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Safety evaluation and bioassay-guided isolation of antimycobacterial compounds from Morella salicifolia root ethanolic extract"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"296","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9864-5469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alphonce Ignace","family":"Marealle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1719-457X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester","family":"Innocent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Andrae-Marobela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Qwarse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2217-7491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Machumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2304-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramadhani S.O.","family":"Nondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Heydenreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8850-3221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mainen Julius","family":"Moshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00758.x","article-title":"Tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: a comprehensive review","volume":"10","author":"Aaron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.08.051","article-title":"Characterization of diarylheptanoids: an emerging class of bioactive natural products","volume":"147","author":"Alberti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122562","article-title":"Evolution of antibacterial drug screening methods: current prospects for mycobacteria","volume":"9","author":"Bento","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(85)90059-4","article-title":"An up-and-down procedure for acute toxicity testing","volume":"5","author":"Bruce","year":"1985","journal-title":"Fund. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3390\/chromatography2020225","article-title":"TLC-direct bioautography as a high throughput method for detection of antimicrobials in plants","volume":"2","author":"Choma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chromatography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v11i2.4588","article-title":"Medicinal uses of maslinic acid: a review","volume":"11","author":"Choudhary","year":"2021","journal-title":"J drug deliv ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.10.2235","article-title":"High-throughput screen for detecting antimycobacterial agents","volume":"39","author":"Chung","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.9.1009","article-title":"The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic","volume":"163","author":"Corbett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1515\/chem-2021-0095","article-title":"Bioprospecting for antituberculosis natural products\u2013A review","volume":"19","author":"Davies-Bolorunduro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126676","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of maslinic and oleanolic acids from olive oil\u2013Effects on endothelial function in healthy adults. A randomized, controlled, dose\u2013response study","volume":"322","author":"de la Torre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957563","article-title":"A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria","volume":"64","author":"Eloff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib12","first-page":"147","article-title":"Antimycobacterial, antioxidant activity and toxicity of extracts from the roots of Rauvolfia vomitoria and R. caffra","volume":"1","author":"Erasto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spatula"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib13","first-page":"77","article-title":"A review of presence of oleanolic acid in natural products","volume":"2","author":"Fai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat proda med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1308749","article-title":"Development and evaluation of oleanolic acid dosage forms and its derivatives","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib15","first-page":"894","article-title":"Anti-HIV activity and cytotoxic effects of Aerva lanata root extracts","volume":"2","author":"Gujjeti","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJPCT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NP00011J","article-title":"Anti-mycobacterial natural products and mechanisms of action","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.530","article-title":"Dose\u2010linear pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid after intravenous and oral administration in rats","volume":"28","author":"Jeong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biopharm. Drug Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/620472","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of oleanolic and ursolic acids: an update","author":"Jesus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid-based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ursolic and oleanolic acids as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory compounds for tuberculosis treatment","volume":"13","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Arellanes","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1021\/np960230k","article-title":"Extensive 1D, 2D NMR spectra of some [7.0] metacyclophanes and X-ray analysis of (\u00b1)-myricanol","volume":"59","author":"Joshi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.20307\/nps.2018.24.3.213","article-title":"A new flavonol glycoside from Tristemma hirtum (Melastomataceae)","volume":"24","author":"Kenfack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR2017.6476","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to manage HIV\/AIDS opportunistic infections in Rungwe, Mbeya Region, Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"Kibonde","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-3-29","article-title":"Use of traditional medicines in the management of HIV\/AIDS opportunistic infections in Tanzania: a case in the Bukoba rural district","volume":"3","author":"Kisangau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3390\/md16080279","article-title":"Current screening methodologies in drug discovery for selected human diseases","volume":"16","author":"Lage","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)89569-2","article-title":"13C NMR spectra of pentacyclic triterpenoids\u2014a compilation and some salient features","volume":"37","author":"Mahato","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25133011","article-title":"The war against tuberculosis: a review of natural compounds and their derivatives","volume":"25","author":"Maiolini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.9734\/ejmp\/2020\/v31i1430317","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants used in the management of HIV and AIDS-related conditions in Makete district, southern highlands of Tanzania","author":"Marealle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR2020.7036","article-title":"Ethnomedical survey of plants used for the management of HIV and AIDS-related conditions in Mbulu District, Tanzania","volume":"15","author":"Marealle","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-20256","article-title":"In vitro anti-HIV activity of oleanolic acid on infected human mononuclear cells","volume":"68","author":"Mengoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of triterpenes isolated from leaves of Maytenus undata (Celastraceae)","volume":"13","author":"Mokoka","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib31","article-title":"Screening for anti-infective properties of selected medicinal plants from Botswana","volume":"5","author":"Mukanganyama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Plant Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3924-y","article-title":"Phenotypic and genomic comparison of Mycobacterium aurum and surrogate model species to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: implications for drug discovery","volume":"18","author":"Namouchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib33","first-page":"2278","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and acute oral toxicity study of Myrica salicifolia (bayberry) root extracts","volume":"16","author":"Ndanyi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J pharm biol sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding molecular consequences of putative drug resistant mutations in","volume":"8","author":"Portelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib35","first-page":"979","article-title":"Isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), a cost effective tool for predicting immunosuppressive effects of drugs and xenobiotics","volume":"14","author":"Pourahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957354","article-title":"Antimycobacterial activity of (E)-phytol and derivatives: a preliminary structure-activity study","volume":"64","author":"Rajab","year":"1998","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.20","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis: drug resistance and future perspectives","volume":"4","author":"Riccardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-012-0135-6","article-title":"Anticandidiasis agents from a Tanzanian plant","volume":"22","author":"Runyoro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Combretum zeyheri. Med Chem Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200481","article-title":"Assessment of the safety of maslinic acid, a bioactive compound from Olea europaea L","volume":"57","author":"Sanchez\u2010Gonzalez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.1214","article-title":"Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR resonances of oleanolic acid, 18\u03b1\u2010oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and their 11\u2010oxo derivatives","volume":"41","author":"Seebacher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14478","article-title":"Recent updates on drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"128","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2005.06.034","article-title":"Determination of oleanolic acid in human plasma and study of its pharmacokinetics in Chinese healthy male volunteers by HPLC tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"40","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13050592","article-title":"Recent progress and challenges for drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment","volume":"13","author":"Stephanie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.04.003","article-title":"Biological evaluation of secondary metabolites from the roots of Myrica adenophora","volume":"103","author":"Ting","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-018-0208-3","article-title":"Application of metabolomics to drug discovery and understanding the mechanisms of action of medicinal plants with anti-tuberculosis activity","volume":"7","author":"Tuyiringire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib46","first-page":"277","article-title":"The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats","volume":"40","author":"Ventola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacy and therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1021\/np960165e","article-title":"Anti-HIV triterpene acids from Geum japonicum","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874122005402?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874122005402?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:29:47Z","timestamp":1759944587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874122005402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0378874122005402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Safety evaluation and bioassay-guided isolation of antimycobacterial compounds from Morella salicifolia root ethanolic extract","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115501","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115501"}}