{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T22:22:47Z","timestamp":1791843767024,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T19:53:36Z","timestamp":1656878016000},"page":"115518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of the hydro-ethanolic extract and protoberberine alkaloids from the stem bark of Enantia chlorantha against multidrug-resistant bacteria expressing active ef\ufb02ux pumps"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"296","author":[{"given":"Michel-Gael F.","family":"Guefack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomie D.M.","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armelle T.","family":"Mbaveng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Nayim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenifer Reine N.","family":"Kuete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valaire Y.","family":"Matieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1484-3995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godloves F.","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonaventure T.","family":"Ngadjui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1070-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Kuete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib1","first-page":"2502","article-title":"Antibacterial potentials of aqueous extract of Enantia chlorantha stem bark","volume":"22","author":"Adesokan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib2","series-title":"Traditional Medicine and Pharmacopoeia: Contribution to Ethnobotanical and Floristic Studies in Cameroon","author":"Adjanohoun","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib3","article-title":"Isolation and identification of alkaloids and glycosides active compound from Geranium lucidum and Geranium purpureum","volume":"1294","author":"Al-Smail","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3329\/bjp.v8i2.13551","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties of extracts and compounds isolated from Berberis jaeschkeana","volume":"8","author":"Alamzeb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bangladesh J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib5","series-title":"Activit\u00e9 antibact\u00e9rienne des fractions chromatographiques des extraits ph\u00e9noliques de Pistacia lentiscus","author":"Bakli","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2307\/3668709","article-title":"Vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des plantes utilis\u00e9es comme antipaludiques dans l'arrondissement de Mintom au sud de la r\u00e9serve de biosph\u00e8re du Dja (Cameroun)","volume":"71","author":"Betti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Syst. Geogr. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib8","first-page":"788","article-title":"Aporphine alkaloids from the leaves of Guatteria friesiana (Annonaceae) and their cytotoxic activities","volume":"24","author":"Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Braz. Chem. Soc Braz. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.00943.x","article-title":"The mode of antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil)","volume":"88","author":"Cox","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-164","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of selected edible plants extracts against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Djeussi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-0990-7","article-title":"Antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activities of three food plants (Xanthosoma mafaffa Lam., Moringa oleifera (L.) Schott and Passiflora edulis Sims) against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"16","author":"Dzotam","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib13","first-page":"66","article-title":"Antimicrobial action mechanism of \ufb02avonoids from Dorstenia species","volume":"7","author":"Dzoyem","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-957563","article-title":"A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria","volume":"64","author":"Eloff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2459-y","article-title":"Effect of fractioning on antibacterial activity of n-butanol fraction from Enantia chlorantha stem bark methanol extract","volume":"19","author":"Etame","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-11-104","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of selected Cameroonian spices and their synergistic effects with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant phenotypes","volume":"11","author":"Fankam","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-241","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of Beilschmiedia obscura and six other Cameroonian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative phenotypes","volume":"14","author":"Fankam","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0726-0","article-title":"Antibacterial and antibiotic resistance modifying activity of the extracts from Allanblackia gabonensis, Combretum molle and Gladiolus quartinianus against Gram-negative bacteria including multi-drug resistant phenotypes","volume":"15","author":"Fankam","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.47.3.285-312.1983","article-title":"Structure and function of proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (F0F1): biochemical and molecular biological approaches","volume":"47","author":"Futai","year":"1983","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2014.971069","article-title":"Chemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of thyme and oregano essential oils, thymol and carvacrol and their possible synergism","volume":"18","author":"Gavaric","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Essent Oil Bear. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib21","series-title":"Ethnomedicinal Uses of Plans in Nigeria","author":"Gill","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2006.10.004","article-title":"Quaternary protoberberine alkaloids","volume":"68","author":"Grycova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.31183\/imcp.2020.00048","article-title":"Antibiotic-potentiation activities of three animal species extracts, Bitis arietans, Helix aspersa, and Aristaeomorpha foliacea and mode of action against MDR Gram-negative bacteria phenotypes","volume":"4","author":"Guefack","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest. Med. Chem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib23","first-page":"2225","article-title":"Superbugs but no drugs: steps in averting a post-antibiotic era","volume":"24","author":"Hamad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.10.008","article-title":"Antibiotics: past, present and future","volume":"51","author":"Hutchings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib25","first-page":"248","article-title":"Antimicrobial and resistance modulatory activity of Alpinia katsumadai seed extract, essential oil and post distillation extract","volume":"52","author":"Kovac","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1250027","article-title":"Potential of Cameroonian plants and derived products against microbial Infections: a review","volume":"76","author":"Kuete","year":"2010","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.04.010","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts and compounds from Treculia obovoidea (Moraceae)","volume":"112","author":"Kuete","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.10.020","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of some natural products against bacteria expressing a multidrug-resistant phenotype","volume":"37","author":"Kuete","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/623723","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of selected Cameroonian plants and their synergistic effects with antibiotics against bacteria expressing MDR phenotypes","author":"Lacmata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib31","first-page":"2209","article-title":"Geraniol restores antibiotic activities against multidrugs resistant isolates from Gram-negatives species","volume":"53","author":"Lorenzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ant. Agen. Chemo."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-48","article-title":"Anti-protozoal activity of aporphine and protoberberine alkaloids from Annickia kummeriae","volume":"13","author":"Malebo","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.4.491","article-title":"Inhibition of H+-ATPase-mediated proton pumping in Cryptococcus neoformans by a novel conjugated styryl ketone","volume":"47","author":"Manavathu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib34","article-title":"Screening of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of some medicinal plants from Cameroon and assessment of their synergy with common antibiotics against multidrug-resistant uropathogenic bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Mbarga","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4020294","article-title":"Antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiating activities of thirteen Cameroonian edible plants against gram-negative resistant phenotypes","author":"Nayim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.31183\/imcp.2020.00053","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and antibiotic-modulating activity of Cocos nucifera, Glycine max and Musa sapientum methanol extracts against multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Ngaffo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest. Med. Chem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.56499\/jppres20.900_9.1.24","article-title":"Secondary metabolites from Alphonsea tonkinensis A . DC . showing inhibition of nitric oxide production and cytotoxic activity","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-190","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of four edible plants against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative species","volume":"13","author":"Noumedem","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib39","first-page":"133","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the interaction between amoxicillin and hydro ethanolic extracts of Annickia chlorantha","volume":"3","author":"Ntungwen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib40","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Chemical and biological investigations of essential oils from stem barks of Enantia chlorantha Oliv and polyalthia suaveolens engler. & diels. From Cameroon","volume":"3","author":"Nyegue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.10.021","article-title":"Annickia affinis and A. chlorantha (Enantia chlorantha) - a review of two closely related medicinal plants from tropical Africa","volume":"176","author":"Olivier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib42","first-page":"19\u00d026","article-title":"Antiviral and antimicrobial profiles of selected isoquinoline alkaloids from Fumaria and Corydalis species","volume":"62C","author":"Orhan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch., C: J. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-018-0392-8","article-title":"Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects","volume":"16","author":"Patra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01870434","article-title":"The proton-ATPase of bacteria and mitochondria","volume":"73","author":"Senior","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-363","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of seven Cameroonian dietary plants against bacteria expressing MDR phenotypes","volume":"2","author":"Seukep","year":"2013","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1080\/03235400802536808","article-title":"Jatrorrhizine and columbamine alkaloids isolated from Argemone mexicana are inhibitory to spore germination of some plant pathogenic fungi","volume":"43","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Phytopathol. Plant Protect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-258","article-title":"Antibiotic-potentiation activities of four Cameroonian dietary plants against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria expressing efflux pumps","volume":"14","author":"Touani","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0319","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant bacteria and alternative methods to control them: an overview","volume":"25","author":"Vivas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-299","article-title":"Antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of the methanol extract of some Cameroonian spices against Gram-negative multi-drug resistant phenotypes","volume":"5","author":"Voukeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(99)00016-7","article-title":"Aporphine alkaloids from Enantia chlorantha","volume":"70","author":"Wafo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2014.05.002","article-title":"Phytomedicine the antihypercholesterolemic effect of jatrorrhizine isolated from Rhizoma coptidis","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.31183\/imcp.2020.00035","article-title":"Antibacterial potential and mechanism of action of botanicals and phytochemicals from Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Verbenaceae) against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant phenotypes expressing efflux pumps","volume":"3","author":"Youmbi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest. Med. Chem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518_bib53","first-page":"3715","article-title":"Jatrorrhizine suppresses the antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874122005578?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874122005578?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:33:11Z","timestamp":1759944791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874122005578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0378874122005578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antibacterial and antibiotic-potentiation activities of the hydro-ethanolic extract and protoberberine alkaloids from the stem bark of Enantia chlorantha against multidrug-resistant bacteria expressing active ef\ufb02ux pumps","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115518","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115518"}}