{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:57:47Z","timestamp":1781661467776,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T01:52:33Z","timestamp":1687744353000},"page":"116791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) preparations for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A Bayesian network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daqiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiufeng","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengrui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5901-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2015.10.002","article-title":"Investigating the effects of inhaling ginger essence on post-nephrectomy nausea and vomiting","volume":"23","author":"Adib-Hajbagherya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compl. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib2","article-title":"The effect of preoperative Zintoma capsule on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"8","author":"Albooghobeish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiol. Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib3","first-page":"2003","article-title":"Effectiveness of ginger for prevention of nausea and vomiting after gynecological laparoscopy","volume":"89","author":"Apariman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thai."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8422","article-title":"Estimation in meta-analyses of mean difference and standardized mean difference","volume":"39","author":"Bakbergenuly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446","article-title":"Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias","volume":"50","author":"Begg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14395.x","article-title":"Ginger root - a new antiemetic. The effect of ginger root on postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery","volume":"45","author":"Bone","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201500029","article-title":"Assessing agreement with multiple raters on correlated kappa statistics","volume":"58","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biom. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-017-2363-x","article-title":"An update on the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib9","series-title":"Systematic Reviews: CRD's Guidance for Undertaking Reviews in Health Care (Internet)","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076654","article-title":"Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA","volume":"8","author":"Chaimani","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.06.046","article-title":"The efficacy of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis","volume":"194","author":"Chaiyakunapruk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01194.x","article-title":"Compelling or irrelevant? Using number needed to treat can help decide","volume":"117","author":"Citrome","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3767","article-title":"Checking consistency in mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Dias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib14","series-title":"NICE DSU Technical Support Document No. 3: Heterogeneity: Subgroups, Meta-Regression, Bias and Bias-Adjustment (Internet)","author":"Dias","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000055818.64084.41","article-title":"Ginger does not prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery","volume":"96","author":"Eberhart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004833","article-title":"Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"131","author":"Gan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.01.006","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 11. Making an overall rating of confidence in effect estimates for a single outcome and for all outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Guyatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1044","article-title":"Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies","volume":"3","author":"Higgins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib19","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, v.5.1.0","author":"Higgins","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-25","article-title":"The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian-Laird method","volume":"14","author":"IntHout","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318296c2b6","article-title":"Case fatality: rate, ratio, or risk?","volume":"24","author":"Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.06.002","article-title":"Ginger for health care: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compl. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200220666190827160212","article-title":"Interaction between traditional Chinese medicine and anticoagulant\/antiplatelet drugs","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104094","article-title":"The preventive and relieving effects of ginger on postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"125","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8490.122918","article-title":"The efficacy of ginger added to ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgery","volume":"6","author":"Mandal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8060185","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)","volume":"8","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.12268","article-title":"Evaluation of oral ginger efficacy against postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double - blinded clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Montazeri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n160","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2020.63.2.173","article-title":"The effect of ginger and metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during and after surgery in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia","volume":"63","author":"Pakniat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-79","article-title":"Undue reliance on I2 in assessing heterogeneity may mislead","volume":"8","author":"R\u00fccker","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016","article-title":"Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial","volume":"64","author":"Salanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-013-0067-7","article-title":"The management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: current thoughts and protocols","volume":"37","author":"Sweis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2018.06.005","article-title":"What is new in the battle against postoperative nausea and vomiting?","volume":"32","author":"Tateosian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.09.007","article-title":"Ginger (Zingiber officinale): an alternative for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"T\u00f3th","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1164","article-title":"Methods to estimate the between-study variance and its uncertainty in meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Veroniki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28010412","article-title":"Impact of thermal processing on the selected biological activities of ginger rhizome-A review","volume":"28","author":"Zag\u00f3rska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12691","article-title":"Efficacy of ginger in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Scholarsh."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874123006591?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874123006591?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:04:57Z","timestamp":1778540697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874123006591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0378874123006591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) preparations for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A Bayesian network meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116791","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116791"}}