{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:00:45Z","timestamp":1784116845696,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T01:16:27Z","timestamp":1690593387000},"page":"116975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["The effect of Ding-kun-dan comparing with Marvelon on primary dysmenorrhea: A prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"318","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-3440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingwen","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-yang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-song","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai-jun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181cb50b5","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 110: noncontraceptive uses of hormonal contraceptives","volume":"115","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-0966-7","article-title":"Severity of pain and circadian changes in uterine artery blood flow in primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"280","author":"Celik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.23.040183.001023","article-title":"Prostaglandins and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in dysmenorrhea","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib4","first-page":"3916","article-title":"Evaluation of clinical application of Dingkun Dan, in Chinese","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib5","series-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00846681","article-title":"Behavioral treatment parameters with primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"1","author":"Cox","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.091","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and differential inhibition of menstrual fluid prostaglandin F2alpha in a randomized, double-blind, crossover treatment with placebo, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen in primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"196","author":"Dawood","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2008.00802.x","article-title":"Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and adrenomedullin levels in patients with primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"34","author":"Dikensoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib9","series-title":"Effect of Chlorella suPPlementation on Systematic symPtoms and Serum Levels of Prostaglandins,inflammatory and Oxidative Markers in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea","first-page":"229","author":"Fatemeh","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004096","article-title":"Primary dysmenorrhea: diagnosis and therapy","volume":"136","author":"Ferries-Rowe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2004.01.002","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitors in the treatment of dysmenorrhea","volume":"17","author":"Harel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib12","series-title":"The Effects and Mechanism of DingKundan on Rats Model with Endometriosis","author":"He","year":"2015"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib13","first-page":"919","article-title":"Experimental study on toxicology of Dingkundan capsule","volume":"38","author":"Hou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Shanxi Med Univ"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib14","first-page":"133","article-title":"Observation on the effect of Ma Fulong in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese and Foreign Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.03.067","article-title":"Effects and mechanisms of Shaofu-Zhuyu decoction and its major bioactive component for Cold - stagnation and Blood - stasis primary dysmenorrhea rats","volume":"186","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-5900(03)00716-8","article-title":"Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and change scores: a reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain","volume":"4","author":"Jensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2017.06.001","article-title":"Affron\u00ae a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Kell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compl. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.16921","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"323","author":"Kho","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1813-1","article-title":"Effects of herbal medicine for dysmenorrhea treatment on accompanied acne vulgaris: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6960","article-title":"Total saponin extract, ginsenoside Rb1, and compound K alleviate peripheral and central neuropathic pain through estrogen receptors on rats","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der417","article-title":"The effect of combined oral contraceptives and age on dysmenorrhoea: an epidemiological study","volume":"27","author":"Lindh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib22","first-page":"82","article-title":"Clinical analysis of contraceptives drug marvelon in 34 cases of primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Research and Practice"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib23","first-page":"1108","article-title":"Analysis of formula compatibility and clinical application of dingkundan","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hunan University of Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2008.12.006","article-title":"The effect of an Iranian herbal drug on primary dysmenorrhea: a clinical controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Nahid","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Midwifery Wom. Health"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib25","first-page":"3489","article-title":"Total alkaloids from the rhizomes of Ligusticum striatum: a review of chemical analysis and pharmacological activities","volume":"36","author":"Pu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib26","first-page":"612","article-title":"Multisociety consensus quality improvement revised consensus statement for endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"13","author":"Sacks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib27","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase enzymes and prostaglandins in pathology of the endometrium","volume":"125","author":"Sales Kurt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pubmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib28","series-title":"A Method for Constructing UPLC Fingerprint of Dingkundan and its Application","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib29","series-title":"The Effects and Mechanism of DingKundan on Rats Model with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","author":"Song","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib30","first-page":"278","article-title":"Dingkundan Treating 300 cases of primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shaanxi J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib31","first-page":"578","article-title":"Effects of dinkundan on the sex hormone levels, insulin resistance and pregnancy in patients with PCOS","volume":"20","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Mod. Biomed."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib32","first-page":"18","article-title":"Efficacy of diane-35 and marvelon on adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Practical Pharmacy and Clinical Remedies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib33","first-page":"175","article-title":"An L-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate system exists in the uterus and inhibits contractility during pregnancy","volume":"170","author":"Yallampalli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib34","first-page":"629","article-title":"Clinical observation of Dingkun Dan in the treatment of 30 patients with hypomenorrhea due to Kidney deficiency and liver Depression Syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib35","series-title":"Preparation and Evaluation of Animal Models of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Different TCM Syndromes","author":"Zhao heng","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975_bib36","first-page":"362","article-title":"The role of NO in pain","volume":"19","author":"Zhi gang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Prev. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874123008437?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874123008437?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T06:06:39Z","timestamp":1736402799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874123008437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0378874123008437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of Ding-kun-dan comparing with Marvelon on primary dysmenorrhea: A prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116975","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116975"}}