{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:28:26Z","timestamp":1790206106926,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006250","name":"Southwest University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,3]],"date-time":"2024-03-03T00:11:07Z","timestamp":1709424667000},"page":"118002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Polygonati Rhizoma: A review on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biosynthesis of the main secondary metabolites and anti-aging effects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"327","author":[{"given":"Miao","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3016-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuegang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23529","article-title":"Foliar epidermal micromorphology and its taxonomic significance in Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) using scanning electron microscopy","volume":"83","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-019-09837-y","article-title":"d-Galactose-induced accelerated aging model: an overview","volume":"20","author":"Azman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.591874","article-title":"Ferroptosis, a regulated neuronal cell death type after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"14","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib4","first-page":"163","article-title":"Optimization of extraction technology of total saponin from polygonatum sibiricum and its inhibitory activity to \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase","volume":"41","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101934","article-title":"60 years of healthy aging: on definitions, biomarkers, scores and challenges","volume":"88","author":"Behr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244166","article-title":"Neuroscience. Promiscuous Alzheimer's amyloid: yet another partner","volume":"341","author":"Benilova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib7","series-title":"Use of Steaming Process Toimprovebiochemical Activity of Polygonatum Sibiricum Polysaccharides against D-Galactose-Induced Memory Imprairment in Mice (Master)","author":"Bian","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib8","series-title":"Utility as Food and Medicine (No. 86) (China)","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9728","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-014-9728-y","article-title":"A comprehensive study of myocardial redox homeostasis in naturally and mimetically aged rats","volume":"36","author":"Cebe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib10","article-title":"Identification of key gene networks controlling polysaccharide accumulation in different tissues of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua by integrating metabolic phenotypes and gene expression profiles","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b19-00978","article-title":"Characterization and immunological activities of polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib12","first-page":"969","article-title":"Effect of polygona-polysaccharose on the mitochondrial ultrastructure of dementia mice","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cent. South Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib13","first-page":"400","article-title":"Effect of polygona-polysaccharose on the synaptic interface in hippocampal CA1 region of Alzheimer's mice","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib14","first-page":"165","article-title":"Effects of Polygona-polysaccharose upon synapse structure in hippocampal CA1 region of APP transgenic mice","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24121","article-title":"Comprehensive determination of the processing level of rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum by macroscopic, micromorphological, and microscopic characterizations","volume":"85","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2018","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain Axis","volume":"99","author":"Cryan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23051170","article-title":"A review: the bioactivities and pharmacological applications of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides","volume":"23","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib18","article-title":"Comparative analysis of bioactive components of polygonatum cyrtonema hua from different areas","author":"Dan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00314-w","article-title":"Cellular senescence in ageing: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities","volume":"22","author":"Di Micco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101107","article-title":"NRF2 plays a critical role in mitigating lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis","volume":"23","author":"Dodson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010034","article-title":"Interventions on gut microbiota for healthy aging","volume":"12","author":"Donati Zeppa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib22","series-title":"Chemical Composition, Concoction and Structural Modification of Polygonatum and Phylogenetic Analysis of Polygonatum Ordoratum (Mill.) (Master)","author":"Du","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib23","first-page":"354","article-title":"Polygonatum polysaccharide improving cardiac hypertrophy of isoproterenol-induced rat by regulating JAK2\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pract. Pharm. Clin. Rem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib24","series-title":"Preparation of Polysaccharides from Polygonati Rhizoma and its Effects on Intestine and Lung in Aged Mice (Master)","author":"Feng","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib25","unstructured":"Flora of China, Revision in English [WWW Document], n.d. URL http:\/\/www.iplant.cn\/foc (accessed 10.September.2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115153","article-title":"NF-\u03baB and AMPK-Nrf2 pathways support the protective effect of polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury","volume":"291","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.320","article-title":"Review on the genus Polygonatum polysaccharides: extraction, purification, structural characteristics and bioactivities","volume":"229","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI158453","article-title":"Biological aging processes underlying cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"132","author":"Gonzales","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118913","article-title":"NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy promotes ferroptosis induced by erastin, but not by RSL3 in HeLa cells","volume":"1868","author":"Gryzik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109910","article-title":"Polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum improve glucose and lipid metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet","volume":"125","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2022.9250031","article-title":"The interventional effect of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide on atherosclerosis in mice of different sexes","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib32","first-page":"88","article-title":"Effect of papaya Polygonati Rhizoma cream on kidney cell apoptosis in aging model mice","volume":"35","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Vocat. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib33","first-page":"630","article-title":"Enzymatic-ultrasonic assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Shaanxi Polygonatum sibiricum and in vitro evaluation of their anti-oxidant and anti-A549 proliferation activities","volume":"34","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113060","article-title":"Protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum against cadmium-induced testicular injury in mice through inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis","volume":"261","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.107839","article-title":"Machine learning uncovers accumulation mechanism of flavonoid compounds in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua","volume":"201","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051463","article-title":"Optimization of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of steroidal saponins from polygonatum kingianum collett & Hemsl and evaluating its quality planted in different areas","volume":"27","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib38","first-page":"111","article-title":"The progress on mechanism of anti-aging effect of polygonatum polysaccharide and its application in food","volume":"34","author":"Heng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chongqing Technol. Busin. Univ. Nat. Sci. Edit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15538","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1412759111","article-title":"Obesity accelerates epigenetic aging of human liver","volume":"111","author":"Horvath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4945","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2020.1753735","article-title":"Two new compounds from the stewed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua and their protective effect against A\u03b225-35 induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress damage","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enzymatic Saccharify Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl Polysaccharide Structure and Immunological Activity","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib41","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Main nutrients and functional ingredients in shoots of Polygonatum cyrtonema","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research progress in molygonati ohizoma and predictive analysis on Q-marker","volume":"48","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib43","first-page":"697","article-title":"The optimum harvesting period and primary processing test of Polygonati Rhizoma PC from Zhejiang Province","volume":"61","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112855","article-title":"Simultaneous identification and dynamic analysis of saccharides during steam processing of rhizomes of polygonatum cyrtonema by HPLC\u2013QTOF\u2013MS\/MS","volume":"23","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.05.115","article-title":"Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome promotes sleep by regulating non-rapid eye movement and GABAergic\/serotonergic receptors in rodent models","volume":"105","author":"Jo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.88","article-title":"Immunological aspects of intestinal mucus and mucins","volume":"16","author":"Johansson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233713512362","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis, antibacterial, and antifungal assessment of aerial parts of Polygonatum verticillatum","volume":"32","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052424","article-title":"Mucosal ecological network of epithelium and immune cells for gut homeostasis and tissue healing","volume":"35","author":"Kurashima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib49","first-page":"102","article-title":"Protection of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides on H9c2 myocardial cells injury induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation","volume":"33","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib50","first-page":"255","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides on release of inflammatory cytokines of anoxia\/reoxygenation H9c2 myocardial cells through TLR4-MyD88-NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"33","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Pharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S414714","article-title":"Gut microbiota and aging: traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"CIA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7088","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27207088","article-title":"Polygonatum cyrtonema hua polysaccharides protect BV2 microglia relief oxidative stress and ferroptosis by regulating NRF2\/HO-1 pathway","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib53","article-title":"Anti-cancer potential of polysaccharide extracted from polygonatum sibiricum on HepG2 cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.043","article-title":"Protective effects of Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides and aqueous extract on uranium-induced toxicity in human kidney (HK-2) cells","volume":"202","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-021-10013-z","article-title":"Effect of steaming process on the structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum rhizomes","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib55","article-title":"Structural characterization, hypoglycemic effects and antidiabetic mechanism of a novel polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum","volume":"131","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coll. et Hemsl. Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib56","first-page":"518","article-title":"Study on interrelationship between defi cient syndrome and aging from tonic function of Polygonatum","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"China J. Tradit. Chin. Med. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.038","article-title":"Chemical elucidation of an arabinogalactan from rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum with antioxidant activities","volume":"190","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3803","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1993783","article-title":"Evolutionary research trend of Polygonatum species: a comprehensive account of their transformation from traditional medicines to functional foods","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6468","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c08192","article-title":"Polygonatum cyrtonema hua polysaccharide alleviates fatigue by modulating osteocalcin-mediated crosstalk between bones and muscles","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib61","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research progress on the main active components, functions and mechanismsof polygonatums pecies","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib62","first-page":"844","article-title":"Effects of polygonatum polysaccharide on telomerase activity in brain tissue of App transgenic mice","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. J. New Drugs Clin. Remedies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib63","first-page":"86","article-title":"Research progress on chemical components and activties of huangjing (polygonatum sibiricum red)","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Med. Her."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib64","first-page":"36","article-title":"Extracting of polygonatum polysaccharides and its antimicrobial activity","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib65","first-page":"3434","article-title":"Response surface optimization of extraction and structure and activity analysis of polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum","volume":"52","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coll. et Hemsl. J. South. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12140","article-title":"Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche polysaccharide ameliorates HFD-induced mouse obesity via regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.202200823","article-title":"Extraction and identification of steroidal saponins from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua using natural deep eutectic solvent\u2010synergistic quartz sand\u2010assisted extraction method","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Separ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6626","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO00938A","article-title":"Structural characterization and osteogenic activity in vitro of novel polysaccharides from the rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.04.012","article-title":"Structural investigation of two neutral polysaccharides isolated from rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum","volume":"70","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib70","first-page":"192","article-title":"Effect of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides on learning andMemory in D-galactose-induced aging mice","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Beihua Univ., Nat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.051","article-title":"Characterization and protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb\/c mice","volume":"107","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib72","first-page":"1952","article-title":"Regulation of SIRT1\/AMPK\/PGC-1\u03b1 signaling pathway by polygonatum polysaccharide improves H202-induced oxidative damage in HT22 cells","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mod. Appl. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib73","first-page":"400","article-title":"Protective effects and mechanism of polysaccharide from polygonati rhizoma on the cognitive impairments induced by sleep interruption in mice","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105476","article-title":"Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides improve cognitive function in D-galactose-induced aging mice by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Funct.Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.174","article-title":"Adjuvant activities of CTAB-modified Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide cubosomes on immune responses to ovalbumin in mice","volume":"148","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.070","article-title":"Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides play anti-cancer effect through TLR4-MAPK\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"111","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The hallmarks of aging","volume":"153","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.03.033","article-title":"Hallmarks of health","volume":"184","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib188","first-page":"2212","article-title":"Experimental study on the interventional effects of polysaccharides of Rhizoma Polygonati on rats in vascular dementia model","volume":"41","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib79","first-page":"4732","article-title":"Research progress on anti-aging mechanism of extracts and active ingredients of Polygonati Rhizoma","volume":"54","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4649614","article-title":"Chemical structures and pharmacological properties of typical bioflavonoids in polygonati rhizoma (PGR)","volume":"2022","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib81","series-title":"Study on the Preparation of Antimicrobial Medical Biomaterial of Polysaccharide from Polygonatum Sibiricum Polysaccharides (Master)","author":"Luo","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib82","first-page":"431","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from polygonatum filipes","volume":"31","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fujian J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-022-01376-z","article-title":"Polysaccharides from the leaves of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. regulate the gut microbiota and affect the production of short-chain fatty acids in mice","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Amb. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib84","first-page":"2908","article-title":"Effect of Polygonati Rhizoma on Caspase-3 expression in hippocampal tissues of rats with Alzheimer's disease model","volume":"31","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib85","first-page":"74","article-title":"Improvement effect of Polygonatum sibiricum on learning ability of rats in D-galactose-induced aging model","volume":"3","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. Mod. Drug Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib86","first-page":"2191","article-title":"Improvement of learning memory ability in aging rats by Rhizoma Polygonati and its mechanism","volume":"30","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib87","first-page":"25","article-title":"Effect of polygonatum polysaccharides on the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein in heart tissue of cardiac remodeling mice","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib88","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antioxidant effect of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides in D-galactose-induced heart aging mice","volume":"2021","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(01)00316-2","article-title":"The molecular bases of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"32","author":"Maccioni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3742\/OPEM.2003.3.4.163","article-title":"Functional bioactivity of Polygonatum species","volume":"3","author":"Motohashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orient. Pharm. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib91","series-title":"Pharmacopoeia of thePeople's Republie of China","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120240","article-title":"Microglia development and function","volume":"32","author":"Nayak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.040","article-title":"The stromal intervention: regulation of immunity and inflammation at the epithelial-mesenchymal barrier","volume":"168","author":"Nowarski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/HM9.0000000000000008","article-title":"Rhizoma polygonati from Mount Tai: nutritional value and usefulness as a traditional Chinese medicine, source of herbzyme, and potential remediating agent for COVID-19 and chronic and hidden hunger","volume":"1","author":"Nurtay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acupunct. Herb. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.053","article-title":"Microglia biology: one century of evolving concepts","volume":"179","author":"Prinz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib96","first-page":"4432","article-title":"History evolution on processing technology and modern research of Polygonatum cyrtonema in Jiuhua Mountain","volume":"49","author":"Qin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib97","first-page":"5631","article-title":"Research progress on Polygonatum cyrtonema processed by nine times steaming and nine times shining","volume":"51","author":"Qin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib98","first-page":"529","article-title":"The effect of polygonati rhizoma on DNA damage checkpoint ATM\/ATR of endothelail ProgenitorCells in aged rats","volume":"30","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tradit. Chin. Drug Res. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib99","first-page":"123","article-title":"Effect of Rhizoma Polygonati on functional activity of endothelial progenitor cells to delay senescense via decrease of ROS","volume":"35","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Pharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib100","first-page":"4163","article-title":"Research progress on processing history evolution\uff0cchemical components and pharmacological effects of Polygonati Rhizoma","volume":"45","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081765","article-title":"Age-associated changes in gut microbiota and dietary components related with the immune system in adulthood and old age: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Salazar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.03.035","article-title":"The role of amyloid-\u03b2 oligomers in toxicity, propagation, and immunotherapy","volume":"6","author":"Sengupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib103","first-page":"3591","article-title":"Study on the appropriate collection period of polygonatum sibiricum in Guizhou","volume":"37","author":"Shao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anhui Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib104","first-page":"394","article-title":"Study on the optimal processing \uff0d technology and anti \uff0d aging effects of Polygonatum sibiricum","volume":"38","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"West China J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib105","first-page":"747","article-title":"Effect of polygonati rhizoma regulating ATR\/Chk1 pathway on vascular aging in naturally aged rats","volume":"34","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tradit. Chin. Drug Res. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.231","article-title":"Huangjing\u2014from medicine to healthy food and diet","volume":"4","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Frontiers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.135183","article-title":"Bioactive compounds from Polygonatum genus as anti-diabetic agents with future perspectives","volume":"408","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib108","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Polygonati Rhizoma: a crop with potential of being consumed as food and medicine","volume":"47","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1360\/SSV-2020-0413","article-title":"Polygonati rhizoma\u2014a new high-quality crop with great potential and not occupying farmland","volume":"51","author":"Si","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Sin.-Vitae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24081583","article-title":"Oxidative stress: a key modulator in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"24","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib111","first-page":"7","article-title":"Analysis of the efect of covid-19 on kidney and its prevention and ttreatment from the mechanism of spleen stomach metaplasia","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Jiangxi Univ. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib112","series-title":"Of Market Supervision","author":"State Administration","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib113","first-page":"2075","article-title":"Study on ionic liquid-microwave-assisted extraction process of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides","volume":"39","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chin. Med. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib114","first-page":"270","article-title":"Temporal and spatial variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extractives of Polygonatum cyrtonema","volume":"44","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.166","article-title":"Physicochemical properties and immunological activities of polysaccharides from both crude and wine-processed Polygonatum sibiricum","volume":"143","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0189","article-title":"The structure and function of \u2018active zone material\u2019 at synapses","volume":"370","author":"Szule","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2023.115533","article-title":"Proteomic analysis reveals that Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide ameliorates mice muscle atrophy in chemotherapy-induced cachexia","volume":"234","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib118","first-page":"1536","article-title":"Research progress on herbal medicine, Pharmacological action and Medicinal substance of Polygonatum genus in treating diseases related to deficiency of kidney essence","volume":"52","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib119","first-page":"1367","article-title":"Comparison of polysaccharide fractions and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects among Polygonatum kingianum Coll.etHems\uff0cPolygonatum sibiricum Red. and Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua","volume":"45","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib120","first-page":"271","article-title":"Study on the extraction of polysaccharides and sibiricoside from polygonatum\uff08polygonatum cy-rtonema hua\uff09 with cellulase enzyme under ultrasonic wave","volume":"33","author":"Tao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib121","first-page":"519","article-title":"Progress on the structural characteristic and biological activity of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides","volume":"35","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib122","first-page":"790","article-title":"The effects of different processing methods on components in polygonatum","volume":"43","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kingianum Coll.et Hemsl. Chem. Reagents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161088","article-title":"Oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"57","author":"T\u00f6nnies","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.6.839","article-title":"Successful aging","volume":"158","author":"Vaillant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0694-0","article-title":"Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health","volume":"10","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib126","first-page":"137","article-title":"Study on the anti-aging effect of Polygonati Rhizoma on D-galactose-induced senescent mice","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Changchun Univ. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib127","article-title":"Integrated comparative metabolomics and network pharmacology approach to uncover the key active ingredients of Polygonati rhizoma and their therapeutic potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib128","first-page":"538","article-title":"Progress on the extraction process and pharmacological effects of polysaccharides from Rhizoma Polygonati","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hubei Univ. Sci. Technol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib129","first-page":"364","article-title":"Sequential extraction and structural analysis of polysaccharides from polygonatum cyrtonema hua","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib130","series-title":"The Feature of Hepatocyte Senescence and Strategy forSenescent Rejuvenation (Doctor)","author":"Wang","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib131","series-title":"Study on Preparation of Polygonatum Polysaccharide and its Application in Antibacterial Materials (Master)","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119524","article-title":"Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides","volume":"291","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib133","first-page":"95","article-title":"Protective effects of Polygonatum cyrtonema decoction on beta-amyloid peptide-induced learning and memory decline in rats","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anhui Agric. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmcm.2023.100229","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation and anti-inflammatory activity of \u201cZhi\u201d polygonatum cyrtonema produced by the classical steaming approach","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Mod. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70117-6","article-title":"The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"13","author":"Ward","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib136","first-page":"391","article-title":"Effects of polygonatum sibiricum on spatial learning and memoryand the expression of o7 nAChR in AD model rats","volume":"32","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib137","first-page":"42","article-title":"Effects of nine\uff0dsteam\uff0dnine\uff0dbask on the monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activities of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib138","first-page":"128","article-title":"Progress in the study of the effect of concoctions on the chemical constituents of Rhizoma Polygonati","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Baotou Med. Coll."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104866","article-title":"Effects of the steaming process on the structural properties and immunological activities of polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema","volume":"88","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Funct.Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2174\/19963181MTA4qNzIgz","article-title":"Regulatory role of Chinese herbal medicine in regulated neuronal death","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. - Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2022.107431","article-title":"Out of the himalaya-hengduan Mountains: phylogenomics, biogeography and diversification of polygonatum mill. (Asparagaceae) in the northern hemisphere","volume":"169","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib142","series-title":"Preparation and Characterization of Polygonatum Polysaccharide-Based Temperature Sensitive Material (Master)","author":"Xia","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.06.013","article-title":"Effect of Rhizoma Polygonati on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-acetate-induced ear edema in mice","volume":"142","author":"Xian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib144","first-page":"110","article-title":"Effects of Huangjing Dilong extracts on M-AchR expression in senile dementia rats brain","volume":"33","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib145","first-page":"140","article-title":"Effect of extracts from polygonati rhizoma and pheretima on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in brain of senile dementia rats","volume":"23","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib146","first-page":"152","article-title":"The experimental study of the treatment effects of the Rhizoma Polygonati and Earth Worm mixtures on Alzheimer's disease in mice","volume":"29","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib147","first-page":"513","article-title":"Review of Polygonatum sibiricum: a new natural cosmetic ingredient","author":"Xiaowei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib148","first-page":"1447","article-title":"Comparative on polygonati odorati rhizoma and polygonati rhizoma of polygonatum","volume":"22","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.02.068","article-title":"Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja polysaccharides","volume":"89","author":"Xie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6864","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c02058","article-title":"Polygonatum cyrtonema hua polysaccharide promotes GLP-1 secretion from enteroendocrine L-cells through sweet taste receptor-mediated cAMP signaling","volume":"68","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib151","first-page":"449","article-title":"Effect of polygonatum sibiricum extract in improving the organ function of dgalactose-induced aging mice and its mechanism","volume":"44","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib152","first-page":"237","article-title":"Herbal textual research on polygonati rhizoma and ethnic usage","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134068","article-title":"Positive effects of steamed Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides including a glucofructan on fatty acids and intestinal microflora","volume":"402","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2016.08.007","article-title":"Cardiovascular surgery in the elderly","volume":"28","author":"Yaffee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib155","first-page":"1243","article-title":"The effect of Polygonatum Sibiricum Polysaccharide on the expression of OPG and RANKL in the rat model of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis","volume":"33","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pract. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.01.007","article-title":"Intake of total saponins and polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum affects the gut microbiota in diabetic rats","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib157","first-page":"32","article-title":"Effect of huangjingwan on antioxidant functions and a\u03b2(1-42) and APP protein expressions in brain of Alzheimer's disease rats","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib158","series-title":"Study on Anti - Alzheimer's Disease Effect and Mechanism ofSelf-Designed Yam Polygonatum Polysaccharide Prescription (Master)","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib159","article-title":"Experimental study on learning and memory functions of Polygonati Rhizoma eudaimoniae in mice","volume":"45\u201347+53","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10687","article-title":"Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine bioinformatics approach through network pharmacology and molecular docking to determine the molecular mechanisms of Erjing pill in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2022.102081","article-title":"Effect of processing cycles on the composition of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua during nine-steam-nine-bask processing","volume":"50","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2016.21.3.245","article-title":"RAW264.7 cell activating glucomannans extracted from rhizome of polygonatum sibiricum","volume":"21","author":"Yelithao","year":"2016","journal-title":"JFN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.119","article-title":"Effect of sulfation and partial hydrolysis of polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum on immune-enhancement","volume":"122","author":"Yelithao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib164","first-page":"163","article-title":"Ultrasonic extraction process of saponins from polygonatum sibiricun","volume":"25","author":"You","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Northwest For. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib165","first-page":"1480","article-title":"Effect of rhizoma polygonati on the function of endothelial progenitor cells and telomerase activity in nature senescent rats","volume":"36","author":"Zai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.138","article-title":"Recent research advances in polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida: isolation, structures, bioactivities, and applications","volume":"206","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14449","article-title":"Microwave\u2010assisted degradation of polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum and antioxidant activity","volume":"84","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.10.034","article-title":"A polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum attenuates amyloid-\u03b2-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells","volume":"117","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118219","article-title":"Structures of fructan and galactan from Polygonatum cyrtonema and their utilization by probiotic bacteria","volume":"267","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib170","first-page":"1989","article-title":"Research progress in chemical constituents in plants of Polygonatum and their pharmacological effects","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2021.1893347","article-title":"Identification of the protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on d-galactose-induced brain ageing in mice by the systematic characterization of a circular RNA-associated ceRNA network","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib171","first-page":"493","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Tissue Eng. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144626","article-title":"Comparative transcriptomic analysis of rhizomes, stems, and leaves of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce reveals candidate genes associated with polysaccharide synthesis","volume":"744","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib173","first-page":"48","article-title":"Separation, purification and chemical characterization of a polysaccharide fraction from polygonatum cyrtonema hua in jiuhua mountain","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Sci. (N. Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib174","first-page":"2076","article-title":"Effects of polysaccharides from Rhizoma Polygonati on the expression of respiratory chain enzyme and DNA polymerase gamma in liver mitochondria of senescent mice","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. J. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib175","series-title":"Research on the Five Organs-Based Theory of Aging in Chinese Medicine (Doctor)","author":"Zhang","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib176","series-title":"Polygonatum Sibiricum Improved Cognitive Impairment Ofnatural Aging Rats through BDNF-TrkB Signaling Pathway (Master)","author":"Zhang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-021-00449-8","article-title":"Protective effect of polygonatum polysaccharides on oxidative injury induced by hydrogen peroxide in HT22 cells","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Jiangxi Univ. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib178","first-page":"51","article-title":"Comparative study on extraction technologies of polysaccharides from rhizoma polygonatum","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Packag. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib179","first-page":"356","article-title":"Effects of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides on physiological and biochemical indices of aging in aged rats","author":"Zhao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chin. J. Appl. Environ. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116296","article-title":"Polygonati Rhizoma with the homology of medicine and food: a review of ethnopharmacology, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and applications","volume":"309","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113243","article-title":"Comparative studies on characterization, saccharide mapping and antiglycation activity of polysaccharides from different Polygonatum ssp","volume":"186","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.12.006","article-title":"The genus Polygonatum: a review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology","volume":"214","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.03.014","article-title":"Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory activity of fructans from Polygonatum odoratum and P","volume":"214","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"cyrtonema. Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59055-7","article-title":"Protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide on D-galactose-induced aging rats model","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib184","first-page":"2300","article-title":"From aspect of polysacchrides to see pharmacologic activities of yin tonifying herbs","author":"Zheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib185","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) via NF- \u03ba B signaling pathway","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellbi.2009.06.028","article-title":"Akebia saponin D, a saponin component from Dipsacus asper Wall, protects PC 12 cells against amyloid-\u03b2 induced cytotoxicity","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1360\/TB-2023-0023","article-title":"Progress in the research of organ aging and the related degenerative diseases in China","volume":"68","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874124003015?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874124003015?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T18:45:49Z","timestamp":1731523549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874124003015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":191,"alternative-id":["S0378874124003015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Polygonati Rhizoma: A review on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biosynthesis of the main secondary metabolites and anti-aging effects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118002"}}