{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:44:10Z","timestamp":1786992250035,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T15:50:12Z","timestamp":1729266612000},"page":"118965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"P3","title":["Anti-fatigue effect of an enzymatically derived deer velvet extract through muscle damage recovery and improvement of antioxidant levels"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"337","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3591-506X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun Hee","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cho I","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Won","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0012-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongho","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Lim","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aeri","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Je","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4684-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joo Young","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9003-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in human body","volume":"6","author":"Adwas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biotechnol. Bioeng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1988.tb16758.x","article-title":"Coronary and skeletal muscle enzyme changes during a 14 km run","volume":"224","author":"Agner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Med. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2007","article-title":"Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms","volume":"88","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2013.12.001","article-title":"Antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress adaptation to exercise training: comparison of endurance, resistance, and concurrent training in untrained males","volume":"12","author":"Azizbeigi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of exercise science & fitness"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-023-01275-4","article-title":"Enzyme-derived deer velvet extract activate the immune response in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressive mice","volume":"32","author":"Baek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-003-0427-8","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants in primary fibromyalgia: an oxidative stress disorder?","volume":"25","author":"Bagis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1139\/y91-043","article-title":"Free radicals may contribute to oxidative skeletal muscle fatigue","volume":"69","author":"Barclay","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.15414\/jmbfs.2016.5.special1.10-13","article-title":"Toxicological properties of mycotoxin Citrinin","volume":"5","author":"Bovdisova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib9","first-page":"E31","article-title":"Creatine ingestion favorably affects performance and muscle metabolism during maximal exercise in humans","volume":"271","author":"Casey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081435","article-title":"Moringa oleifera leaf extract protects C2C12 myotubes against H2O2-induced oxidative stress","volume":"11","author":"Ceci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2022.07.006","article-title":"Anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant effects of curcumin supplementation in exhaustive swimming mice via Nrf2\/Keap1 signal pathway","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Food Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib12","first-page":"11","article-title":"Anti-fatigue effect of fermented deer velvet antler extract in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"22","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oriental Rehab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/534069","article-title":"The antiinfective effects of velvet antler of formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) on Staphylococcus aureus-infected mice","volume":"2011","author":"Dai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199928010-00005","article-title":"Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performance","volume":"28","author":"Demant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390701425615","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of proteins and peptides","volume":"48","author":"Elias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009","article-title":"The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group","volume":"121","author":"Fukuda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020344","article-title":"Enhancement of exercise performance by 48 hours, and 15-day supplementation with mangiferin and luteolin in men","volume":"11","author":"Gelabert-Rebato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2758-3","article-title":"ACE inhibitory peptides in standard and fermented deer velvet: an in silico and in vitro investigation","volume":"19","author":"Haines","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. l","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1139\/h2001-045","article-title":"Creatine supplementation: exploring the role of the creatine kinase\/phosphocreatine system in human muscle","volume":"26","author":"Hespel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16983","article-title":"Camellia oil exhibits anti-fatigue property by modulating antioxidant capacity, muscle fiber, and gut microbial composition in mice","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2017.09.001","article-title":"First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid","volume":"54","author":"Ighodaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alexandria journal of medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2004.04009","article-title":"Optimization and pretreatment for hot water extraction of Korean deer (Cervus canadensis erxleben) velvet antlers","volume":"30","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib23","article-title":"The role of nrf2-ARE signaling pathway and tatarinow sweetflag extract to regulate the acute phase of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in juvenile rats","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib24","first-page":"214","article-title":"The effect of fermented antler extract in prevention of osteoporosis or reduced physical activity in females during menopause","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Adv Smart Converg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-021-00952-6","article-title":"Chemical changes and antioxidant activities of heated whole barley extracts","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.06.006","article-title":"Biomarkers for chronic fatigue","volume":"26","author":"Klimas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3517824","article-title":"Antioxidant and antifatigue properties of the aqueous extract of moringa oleifera in rats subjected to forced swimming endurance test","volume":"2016","author":"Lamou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib28","article-title":"Juvenile toxicity study of deer antler extract in rats","volume":"319","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib29","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of velvet antler in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro and zebrafish model","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10121272","article-title":"Effects of high intensity exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in untrained humans: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2023.e135","article-title":"Protective effects of enzymatically digested velvet antler polypeptides on mitochondria in primary astrocytes","author":"Paing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1147414","article-title":"Research progress of glutathione peroxidase family (GPX) in redoxidation","volume":"14","author":"Pei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2019.09.002","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy or graded exercise therapy compared with usual care for severe fatigue in patients with advanced cancer during treatment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Poort","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.104947","article-title":"Anti-fatigue activity of the polysaccharides isolated from Ribes stenocarpum Maxim","volume":"89","author":"Qiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Funct.Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-017-0077-4","article-title":"Cytoprotective propensity of green tea polyphenols against citrinin-induced skeletal-myotube damage in C2C12 cells","volume":"69","author":"Sharath Babu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00868","article-title":"Pelargonidin modulates keap1\/nrf2 pathway gene expression and ameliorates citrinin-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells","volume":"8","author":"Sharath Babu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-017-0077-4","article-title":"Cytoprotective propensity of green tea polyphenols against citrinin-induced skeletal-myotube damage in C2C12 cells","volume":"69","author":"Sharath Babu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01998967","article-title":"Reduction of myocardial leukocyte accumulation and myocardial infarct size following administration of BAY u3405, a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"39","author":"Squadrito","year":"1993","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02642-y","article-title":"Well-known polypeptides of deer antler velvet with key actives: modern pharmacological advances","volume":"397","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.151845","article-title":"Genetic variation in GPX1 is associated with GPX1 activity in a comprehensive analysis of genetic variations in selenoenzyme genes and their activity and oxidative stress in humans","volume":"142","author":"Takata","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R762","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00270.2003","article-title":"Histological assessment of intermediate- and long-term creatine monohydrate supplementation in mice and rats","volume":"285","author":"Tarnopolsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0303924","article-title":"Antioxidant effect of ferulic acid in isolated membranes and intact cells: synergistic interactions with \u03b1-tocopherol, \u03b2-carotene, and ascorbic acid","volume":"52","author":"Trombino","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib43","first-page":"17","article-title":"Muscle fatigue: lactic acid or inorganic phosphate the major cause?","volume":"17","author":"Westerblad","year":"2002","journal-title":"News Physiol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.12.008","article-title":"Deer antler base as a traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology","volume":"145","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.3.1107","article-title":"Creatine and creatinine metabolism","volume":"80","author":"Wyss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib47","first-page":"8","article-title":"Regulation of Nrf2\/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer drug resistance by galectin-1: cellular and molecular implications","volume":"7","author":"Yaylim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib48","first-page":"391","article-title":"Prepared and separated anti-fatigue peptides from wapiti velvet antler blood protein","volume":"21","author":"Yin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res. Dev"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12324","DOI":"10.1021\/jf3037825","article-title":"Antifatigue activities of loach protein hydrolysates with different antioxidant activities","volume":"60","author":"You","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2012.702807","article-title":"Effects of cadmium on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defences of rice (Oryza sativa L.)","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00099-5","article-title":"Toxicological evaluation of New Zealand deer velvet powder. Part I: acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies in rats","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201900512","article-title":"Investigation of anti-fatigue effect and simultaneous determination of eight nucleosides in different parts of velvet antler in red deer and sika deer","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0171-1","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-fatigue property of the extruded product of cereal grains mixed with Cordyceps militaris on mice","volume":"14","author":"Zhong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Soc Sports Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2023.103129","article-title":"Evaluation of Schisandra chinensis extract on anti-fatigue activity in mice","volume":"56","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202300015","article-title":"Reshaped gut microbial composition and functions associated with the antifatigue effect of salidroside in exercise mice","volume":"67","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874124012649?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874124012649?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T10:57:04Z","timestamp":1731322624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874124012649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0378874124012649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anti-fatigue effect of an enzymatically derived deer velvet extract through muscle damage recovery and improvement of antioxidant levels","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118965","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"118965"}}