{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:38:48Z","timestamp":1792809528009,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004477","name":"Stellenbosch University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004477","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T11:58:18Z","timestamp":1749038298000},"page":"120077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Indigenous ethno-nutraceutical plants: Potential game-changers for the dual management of ruminant helminths and undernutrition in sub-saharan africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"351","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1474-8648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cletos","family":"Mapiye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farouk","family":"Semwogerere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo Nyikadzino","family":"Mahachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marizvikuru","family":"Mwale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munyaradzi Christopher","family":"Marufu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Proximate analysis, mineral contents, and GC-MS analysis of leaves, twigs, and thorns of Acacia etbaica schweinf","volume":"11","author":"Abdalla","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Stud."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Acacia etbaica schweinf aerial parts","volume":"23","author":"Abdalla","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biod. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2014.03.005","article-title":"Metabolomic profiling and antioxidant activity of some acacia species","volume":"21","author":"Abdel-Farid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_175_19","article-title":"Preparation of medicinal plants: basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes","volume":"12","author":"Abubakar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. BioAllied Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib5","first-page":"641","article-title":"Herbal anthelmintic agents: a narrative review","volume":"42","author":"Adak","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Trad. Chin. Medi."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-38","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity of thirteen plant leaf acetone extracts used in ethnoveterinary medicine in South Africa on egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus","volume":"9","author":"Adamu","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Growth performance and fecal worm egg count of West African dwarf goats fed diets containing varying levels of Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf). Livestock res","volume":"31","author":"Adebayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rural Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib8","first-page":"47","article-title":"Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) as a phytogenic additive in the diet of west African dwarf goats","volume":"99","author":"Adebayo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop. Agric."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.5455\/jva.20140713052813","article-title":"Antihelminthic and anticoccidial effects of Vernonia amygdalina in goats","volume":"4","author":"Adediran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib10","article-title":"Vernonia amygdalina and Catha edulis leaves as cheap feed source and effect on growth performance of Somali goat at east harargha, Ethiopia","volume":"33","author":"Adem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Livestock Res. Rural Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.12.036","article-title":"In Vitro anthelmintic activity of Combretum molle (R. Br. Ex G. Don) (combretaceae) against Haemonchus contortus ova and larvae","volume":"169","author":"Ademola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9727-7","article-title":"Anthelminthic activity of acetone extract and fractions of Vernonia amygdalina against Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae","volume":"43","author":"Ademola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4314\/jpb.v17i1.2","article-title":"Anthelmintic activity of Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus leaf extracts against Haemonchus placei adult worm","volume":"17","author":"Aderibigbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biores."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1068","article-title":"Different proportions of dried Vernonia amygdalina leaves and wheat bran mixture supplementation on feed intake, digestibility and body weight change of arsi\u2013bale sheep fed with natural pasture hay as basal diet","volume":"9","author":"Adugna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib15","first-page":"383","article-title":"Performance of Tswana goats fed Acacia mellifera, Euclea undulata, and Peltophorum africanum as a supplement to buffel grass","volume":"50","author":"Aganga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Zootec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12010131","article-title":"An inventory of anthelmintic plants across the globe","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogen"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib17","first-page":"688","article-title":"Nutritive value assessment of acacia species using their chemical analyses and In Vitro gas production technique","volume":"4","author":"Al-Soqeer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Research J. Agric. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00040-2","article-title":"In Vitro screening of two Nigerian medicinal plants (Vernonia amygdalina and Annona senegalensis) for anthelmintic activity","volume":"113","author":"Alawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24973","article-title":"Effect of herbal extracts in animal nutrition as feed additives","volume":"10","author":"Alem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Helminth parasites transmission between species of ruminants in urban and peri-urban areas of Ada'a district of central Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Alkadir","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib21","article-title":"Sustainable small ruminant production in low- and middle-income African countries: harnessing the potential of agroecology","volume":"15","author":"Anim-Jnr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib22","first-page":"72","article-title":"Review of browse plants' use in the tropics and their chemical constituents","volume":"1","author":"Aruwayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rec. Chem. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib23","first-page":"313","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in southern Mozambique","volume":"9","author":"Atan\u00e1sio-Nhacumbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. of Vet. Anim. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.5897\/JVMAH2014.0327","article-title":"Major gastrointestinal helminth parasites of grazing small ruminants in and around ambo town of central Oromia, Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Ayana","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Anim. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S199","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111800174X","article-title":"Review: role of herbivores in sustainable agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"12","author":"Ayantunde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib26","article-title":"Mixed grazing and dietary supplementation improve the response to gastrointestinal nematode parasitism and production performances of goats","volume":"23","author":"Bambou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfab001","article-title":"Livestock provide more than food in smallholder production systems of developing countries","volume":"1","author":"Banda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal Front"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10181","article-title":"Acacia nilotica leaf meal - potential supplement to 25% dorper crosses of local sheep fed a basal diet of natural pasture hay","volume":"8","author":"Bekele","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.17221\/6712-CJAS","article-title":"Chemical composition and in sacco ruminal degradation of tropical trees rich in condensed tannins","volume":"58","author":"Belachew","year":"2013","journal-title":"Czech J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8273","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238273","article-title":"Tannin in ruminant nutrition: review","volume":"27","author":"Besharati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X2300007X","article-title":"Trichostrongylosis: a zoonotic disease of small ruminants","volume":"97","author":"Bhat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Helmin."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252307001132","article-title":"Ovine helminthosis, a major health constraint to productivity of sheep in Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Biffa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v76i2.397","article-title":"Rationale for using Peltophorum africanum (fabaceae) extracts in veterinary medicine","volume":"76","author":"Bizimenyera","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.06.013","article-title":"In Vitro activity of Peltophorum africanum sond. (fabaceae) extracts on the egg hatching and larval development of the parasitic nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis","volume":"142","author":"Bizimenyera","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib35","first-page":"608","article-title":"In Vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of the leaf, bark and root extracts of Peltophorum africanum sond. (fabaceae) on haemonchus Cuntortus","volume":"5","author":"Bizimenyera","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00712076","article-title":"Vernonia amygdalina as a supplement to teff straw (eragrostis tef) fed to Ethiopian menz sheep","volume":"31","author":"Bonsi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Agrofor. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040531","article-title":"Understanding animal-plant-parasite interactions to improve the management of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing ruminants","volume":"12","author":"Bricarello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib38","first-page":"41","article-title":"Voluntary intake and palatability indices of Pedi goats fed different levels of Acacia karroo leaf meal by cafeteria method","volume":"50","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2017.1289939","article-title":"Effect of tanniniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal inclusion level on feed intake, digestibility and live weight gain of goats fed a Setaria verticillata grass hay-based diet","volume":"46","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13950","article-title":"Impact of recent and future climate change on vector\u2010borne diseases","volume":"1436","author":"Caminade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2018.03.015","article-title":"Impact of energy and protein on the gastro-intestinal parasitism of small ruminants: a meta-analysis","volume":"212","author":"Cei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2023006","article-title":"Combar \u2013 combatting anthelmintic resistance in ruminants","volume":"30","author":"Charlier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.05.005","article-title":"Nutritional enhancement of sheep meat fatty acid profile for human health and wellbeing","volume":"104","author":"Chikwanha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib44","first-page":"4","article-title":"The potential of Acacia polyacantha leaf meal and Adansonia digitata seedcake for small ruminant feeding in arid and semi-arid parts of Malawi","volume":"1","author":"Chilanga","year":"2022","journal-title":"EC Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v49i2.18","article-title":"Carcass and meat quality attributes of Malawi zebu steers fed Vachellia polyacantha leaves or Adansonia digitata seed as alternative protein sources to glycine max","volume":"49","author":"Chingala","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib46","first-page":"159","article-title":"Helminth vaccines in ruminants: from development to application. Veterinary clinics of North America: food anim","volume":"36","author":"Claerebout","year":"2020","journal-title":"In Pract. (Lond., 1979)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-024-01452-1","article-title":"Opportunities to improve goat production and food security in Botswana through forage nutrition and the use of supplemental feeds","volume":"16","author":"Cooke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Secur."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1782188","article-title":"Helminths, hosts, and their microbiota: new avenues for managing gastrointestinal helminthiases in ruminants","volume":"18","author":"Cort\u00e9s","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib49","first-page":"81","article-title":"Prevalence of small ruminant gastrointestinal parasites infections and associated risk factors in selected districts of bale zone, south-eastern Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Dabasa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Vector Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib50","article-title":"Nutritive value of some important Indigenous livestock browse species in semi-arid mixed mopane bushveld, Botswana. Livestock res","volume":"27","author":"Dambe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rural Dev."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib51","first-page":"58","article-title":"Evaluation of the nutritional composition of selected Indigenous fodder trees and shrubs in daro labu district, eastern Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Debela","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Agric. Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fntpr.2024.1347855","article-title":"Vernonia Amygdalina: a comprehensive review of the nutritional makeup, traditional medicinal use, and pharmacology of isolated phytochemicals and compounds","volume":"3","author":"Degu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nat. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib53","first-page":"6","article-title":"Identification and nutritional value assessment of the major browse species in chilega district, north gondar","volume":"16","author":"Desalegn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2022.0274","article-title":"Reaching the world health organization elimination targets for schistosomiasis: the importance of a one health perspective","volume":"378","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/00288233.1991.10417792","article-title":"Comparative digestion in deer, goats, and sheep","volume":"34","author":"Domingue","year":"1991","journal-title":"NZ J. Agr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-020420-043152","article-title":"Global strategies to minimize environmental impacts of ruminant production","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib57","article-title":"Contribution, prospects and trends of livestock production in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review","volume":"21","author":"Erdaw","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Agricult. Sustain."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2010.09.012","article-title":"Coping with shrub secondary metabolites by ruminants","volume":"94","author":"Estell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib60","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral supplementation improves erythrocytic recovery and productive performance of infected by gastrointestinal parasites","volume":"22","author":"Farias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.51227\/ojafr.2020.31","article-title":"Systematic review on gastrointestinal helminths of domestic ruminants in Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Fentahun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Online J. Anim. Feed Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib62","article-title":"In Vitro nematicidal activity of plant species possessing alkaloids and tannins","volume":"3","author":"Fomum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib63","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Domesticated Ruminants","article-title":"Nutrient requirements of domesticated ruminants","author":"Freer","year":"2007"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.3390\/su14073741","article-title":"Livestock innovations, social norms, and women's empowerment in the global south","volume":"14","author":"Gali\u00e8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib65","first-page":"2","article-title":"Effect of supplementation with dried leaves of Acacia albida, Acacia seyal and their mixture on feed intake and digestibility of local sheep fed barley straw as a basal diet","author":"Gebreselassie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Fish. Livest. Prod. 03"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib66","first-page":"529","article-title":"Nutrient composition of plants Most favoured by Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in the wild. Comparative biochemistry and physiology - Part A","volume":"98","author":"Ghebremeskel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.11.056","article-title":"Worms in smallholder livestock systems: technologies and practices that make a difference","volume":"186","author":"Gray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-015-0953-x","article-title":"Effect of feeding neem (Azadirachta indica) and acacia (Acacia Senegal) tree foliage on nutritional and carcass parameters in short-eared Somali goats","volume":"48","author":"Hailemariam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13071359","article-title":"An insight into the global problem of gastrointestinal helminth infections amongst livestock: does nanotechnology provide an alternative?","volume":"13","author":"Hamid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.33545\/27080013.2022.v3.i2a.73","article-title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths of small ruminants subjected to traditional livestock management system in gadau district, Bauchi state Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Hassan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Entomol. Zool."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2989\/AJRFS.2009.26.2.7.850","article-title":"A note on the potential nutritive value of Ziziphus mucronata (Buffalo thorn) foliage during different seasons","volume":"26","author":"Hassen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Afr. J. Range Forage Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192569","article-title":"Utilization of the viscum species for diet and medicinal purposes in ruminants: a review","volume":"12","author":"Hawu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4322\/nematoda.00116","article-title":"Climate variations and the environmental population of gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants","volume":"3","author":"Heckler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nematoda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.110056","article-title":"Worms and welfare: behavioural and physiological changes associated with gastrointestinal nematode parasitism in lambs","volume":"324","author":"Hempstead","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.035","article-title":"Non chemical control of helminths in ruminants: adapting solutions for changing worms in a changing world","volume":"180","author":"Hoste","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.06.026","article-title":"Tannin containing legumes as a model for nutraceuticals against digestive parasites in livestock","volume":"212","author":"Hoste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.02.025","article-title":"Interactions between nutrition and infections with Haemonchus contortus and related gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants","volume":"93","author":"Hoste","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.110026","article-title":"Supplementation of minerals and vitamins influences optimal targeted selective treatment thresholds for the control of gastro-intestinal nematodes in lambs","volume":"322","author":"Hughes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0171.2019.00001.3","article-title":"Trematocidal activity of aqueous crude extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves","volume":"28","author":"Ibekwe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib80","first-page":"4176","article-title":"Antioxidative activities of the various extracts of stem bark, root and leaves of Ziziphus mucronata (rhamnaceae) in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Plant Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib81","first-page":"801","article-title":"Nutritional composition of the leaves and stems of Ocimum gratissimum","volume":"2","author":"Idris","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Emerging Trends Eng. Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib82","first-page":"292","article-title":"In Vitro assessment of antioxidant, phytochemical and nutritional properties of extracts from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (linn)","volume":"10","author":"Igbinosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib83","first-page":"27","article-title":"A comparative nutritional assessments of leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Solanum aethiopicum","volume":"7","author":"Ikpeazu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Biomed. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06927-6","article-title":"Prevalence and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal nematodes and coccidia infecting ovine grazing on communal rangelands in the Eastern Cape, South Africa","volume":"119","author":"Jansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib85","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anthelmintic agents from African medicinal plants: review and prospects","author":"Jato","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based Complementary Altern. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(03)00213-9","article-title":"Effects of Acacia nilotica and Acacia karroo diets on Haemonchus contortus infection in goats","volume":"115","author":"Kahiya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v82i1.931","article-title":"Pre-slaughter, slaughter and post-slaughter defects of skins and hides at the sheba tannery and leather industry, Tigray region, northern Ethiopia","volume":"82","author":"Kahsay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.31248\/JASVM2018.095","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal helminthes in ruminants slaughtered at abakaliki abattoir, Ebonyi state, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Kalu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Vet. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib89","first-page":"45","article-title":"The impact of gastrointestinal parasites on the productivity of ruminants in Africa: a review","volume":"10","author":"Karshima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Anim. Health"},{"issue":"73","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib90","first-page":"13761","article-title":"Factors affecting wool quality and quantity in sheep","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotech."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005098","article-title":"Hybridization in parasites: consequences for adaptive evolution, pathogenesis, and public health in a changing world","volume":"11","author":"King","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02667-y","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of livestock schistosomiasis and fascioliasis in C\u00f4te d'Ivoire: results from a cross-sectional survey","volume":"16","author":"Kouadio","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib93","first-page":"464","article-title":"Acacia karroo pods and leaves as major feed for fattening of goats","volume":"5","author":"Kugedera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Environ. Food Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.17159\/2413-3221\/2023\/v51n1a13466","article-title":"Knowledge validation and nutritional qualities of fodder trees browsed by goats in the gumela rural area in Limpopo province, South Africa","volume":"51","author":"Kujoana","year":"2023","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Agric. Ext."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.05.032","article-title":"Managing anthelmintic resistance-variability in the dose of drug reaching the target worms influences selection for resistance?","volume":"243","author":"Leathwick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib96","first-page":"33","article-title":"The substitution of a parasitic plant (Viscum verrucosum) for Lucerne hay in sheep diets","volume":"3","author":"Letso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Livest. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib97","first-page":"72","article-title":"The chemical composition of leaves from Indigenous fodder trees in South Africa","volume":"30","author":"Lukhele","year":"2000","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v33i2.3767","article-title":"The chemical composition and potential nutritive value of the foliage of four subtropical tree species in Southern Africa for ruminants","volume":"33","author":"Lukhele","year":"2003","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(00)75115-0","article-title":"In Vitro methods for measuring the dry matter digestibility of ruminant feedstuffs: comparison of methods and inoculum source","volume":"83","author":"Mabjeesh","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib100","first-page":"1","article-title":"The use of Indigenous parasitic plant (Viscum verrucosum) in reducing faecal egg counts in female Tswana goats. Livestock res","volume":"15","author":"Madibela","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rural Dev."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(00)00106-1","article-title":"Chemical composition and In Vitro dry matter digestibility of four parasitic plants (Tapinanthus lugardii, erianthenum ngamicum, Viscum rotundifolium and Viscum verrucosum) in Botswana","volume":"84","author":"Madibela","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(01)00320-0","article-title":"Chemical composition of four parasitic plants harvested over a period of 6 months from two sites in Botswana","volume":"95","author":"Madibela","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025197406313","article-title":"Dry matter and crude protein degradability of four parasitic plants (mistletoes) associated with browse trees in Botswana","volume":"35","author":"Madibela","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2004.02.004","article-title":"Do Indigenous browse trees influence chemical composition and In Vitro dry matter digestibility of parasitic plants?","volume":"115","author":"Madibela","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09828","article-title":"Modulatory effects of dietary tannins on polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation in the rumen: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Makmur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2009.01.003","article-title":"Seasonal dynamics, production potential and efficiency of cattle in the sweet and sour communal rangelands in South Africa","volume":"73","author":"Mapiye","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Arid Environ."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2009.07.001","article-title":"Nutritional status, growth performance and carcass characteristics of Nguni steers supplemented with Acacia karroo leaf-meal","volume":"126","author":"Mapiye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.01.006","article-title":"Utility of Acacia karroo for beef production in Southern African smallholder farming systems: A review. Anim","volume":"164","author":"Mapiye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Feed Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3390\/d12020074","article-title":"Livelihood, food and nutrition security in Southern Africa: what role do Indigenous cattle genetic resources play?","volume":"12","author":"Mapiye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-016-0765-6","article-title":"Integrated parasite management with special reference to gastro-intestinal nematodes","volume":"41","author":"Maqbool","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2019065","article-title":"Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats","volume":"26","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Ortiz-De-Montellano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.11.007","article-title":"Influence of dietary supplementation with Acacia karroo on experimental haemonchosis in Indigenous Xhosa lop-eared goats of South Africa","volume":"144","author":"Marume","year":"2012","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v37i2.4033","article-title":"Effect of tanniniferous browse meal on nematode faecal egg counts and internal parasite burdens in sheep and goats","volume":"37","author":"Max","year":"2007","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bfopcu.2014.01.001","article-title":"Pharmacology and phytochemistry studies in Peltophorum africanum","volume":"52","author":"Mazimba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib115","article-title":"Nutritional characterization of selected fodder species in abol and lare districts of gambella region, Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Megersa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nut. Food Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04049-0","article-title":"Trematode infection in ruminants and diversity of snail hosts across three agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia","volume":"20","author":"Megersa","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.006","article-title":"A review on epidemiology, global prevalence and economical losses of fasciolosis in ruminants","volume":"109","author":"Mehmood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib118","article-title":"Effects of supplementing cactus cladode and Acacia Senegal branches on intake, digestibility and body weight gain of Tigray highland sheep fed barley straw","volume":"4","author":"Mengistu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fish. Livest. Prod."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12648","article-title":"Preference of goats (Capra hircus L.) for tanniniferous browse species available in semi-arid areas in Ethiopia","volume":"101","author":"Mengistu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.12.020","article-title":"The in Vitro anthelmintic properties of browse plant species against Haemonchus contortus is determined by the polyphenol content and composition","volume":"237","author":"Mengistu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib121","article-title":"A review of ethnomedicinal plants as potential anthelmintic agents to alternatively control gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants in South Africa","volume":"1","author":"Mhlongo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib122","first-page":"111","article-title":"An abattoir study on the prevalence of some helminths among slaughtered cattle, sheep and goats from Mwanza city, Lake Victoria basin, Tanzania","volume":"62","author":"Mhoma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib123","first-page":"221","article-title":"Nutritive value of acacia tree foliages growing in the Limpopo province of South Africa","volume":"35","author":"Mokoboki","year":"2005","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-010-9352-5","article-title":"Intake and relative palatability indices of acacia species fed to sheep and goats","volume":"81","author":"Mokoboki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agrofor. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00377-9","article-title":"Anthelmintic screening of Zimbabwean plants traditionally used against schistosomiasis","volume":"74","author":"M\u00f8lgaard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03708","article-title":"Ziziphus mucronata willd. (rhamnaceae): it's botany, toxicity, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities","volume":"6","author":"Mongalo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture3030484","article-title":"Global change and helminth infections in grazing ruminants in Europe: impacts, trends and sustainable solutions","volume":"3","author":"Morgan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.302-313","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance and prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes infecting sheep in Limpopo province, South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Mphahlele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2022.2442-2452","article-title":"Prevalence and resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in goats: a review","volume":"15","author":"Mpofu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10102127","article-title":"Nutrients profile of 52 browse species found in semi\u2010arid areas of South Africa for livestock production: effect of harvesting site","volume":"10","author":"Mudau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27051462","article-title":"Effect of soil type: qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in some browse species leaves found in Savannah biome of South Africa","volume":"27","author":"Mudau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib132","first-page":"146","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and elemental analysis of gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal)","volume":"5","author":"Musa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Res. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1387","article-title":"Free radicals mediated membrane damage by the saponins acacia side A and acacia side B","volume":"18","author":"Nandi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib134","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib135","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2012.10.020","article-title":"Nutritive value and digestibility of mistletoes and woody species browsed by goats in a semi-arid savanna, southwest Zimbabwe","volume":"151","author":"Ndagurwa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(97)81627-6","article-title":"Chemical composition and relationship to In Vitro gas production of Zimbabwean browsable Indigenous tree species","volume":"69","author":"Ndlovu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3844\/ajavsp.2022.228.238","article-title":"Managing internal parasites of small ruminants using medicinal plants a review on alternative remedies, efficacy evaluation techniques and conservational strategies","volume":"17","author":"Nikelo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3923\/pjn.2010.60.66","article-title":"In Vitro gas production and dry matter digestibility of tannin-containing forages of semi-arid region of north-eastern Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Njidda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paki. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib141","first-page":"235","article-title":"Effect of dietary inclusion of browse forage (Ziziphus mucronata) in a total mixed ration on performance of yankasa rams","volume":"1","author":"Njidda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sch. J. Agric. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-7113(98)80047-0","article-title":"The anthelmintic effects of the leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum","volume":"5","author":"Njoku","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phytomedicine (Stuttg.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib143","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids","first-page":"362","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/2043","article-title":"Investigation into the phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of Combretum molle and Acacia mearnsii leaf parts","volume":"13","author":"Ntshanka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedical Pharmacol. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13570-022-00244-6","article-title":"African smallholder farmers and the treatment of livestock diseases using ethnoveterinary medicine: a commentary","volume":"12","author":"Nwafor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pastoralism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib194","first-page":"119","article-title":"Determination of nutrient and phytochemical profile of Basil (Ocimum gratissimum) leaves and seeds","volume":"2","author":"Okoye","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Fam. Soc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-019-01154-y","article-title":"Prevalence and financial loss estimation of parasitic diseases detected in slaughtered cattle in Kwara state, North-central Nigeria","volume":"44","author":"Ola-Fadunsin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000672","article-title":"Anthelmintic activity of plants against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats: a review","volume":"146","author":"Oliveira Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology (Lond.)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib148","first-page":"250","article-title":"West African dwarf goats utilized bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) meal as feed supplement. niger","volume":"44","author":"Olosunde","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.21860\/medflum2021_264903","article-title":"The prisma 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"57","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Flum."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8327","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238327","article-title":"Essential oils as novel anthelmintic drug candidates","volume":"27","author":"Panda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.817247","article-title":"Omics technology for the promotion of nutraceuticals and functional foods","volume":"13","author":"Pandita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12081702","article-title":"Phytochemical composition of Combretum molle (R. Br. Ex G. don.) engl. Diels leaf and stem extracts","volume":"12","author":"Parusnath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib195","first-page":"53","article-title":"Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter degradability of mistletoe (Viscum verrucosum (harv.)) on vachellia nilotica (l.) in north west province of south africa","volume":"96","author":"Ramantsi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-021-00683-x","article-title":"Seasonal dynamics on nutritive value, chemical estimates and In Vitro dry matter degradability of some woody species found in rangelands of South Africa","volume":"96","author":"Ravhuhali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agrofor. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020062","article-title":"Increasing importance of anthelmintic resistance in European livestock: creation and meta-analysis of an open database","volume":"27","author":"Rose Vineer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/67758\/2003","article-title":"Content of phenolics and tannins in leaves and pods of some acacia and dichrostachys species and effects on In Vitro digestibility","volume":"12","author":"Rubanza","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Feed Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2004.12.004","article-title":"Polyphenolics and tannins effect on In Vitro digestibility of selected acacia species leaves","volume":"119","author":"Rubanza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/17450390701203907","article-title":"The content of protein, fibre and minerals of leaves of selected acacia species Indigenous to north-western Tanzania","volume":"61","author":"Rubanza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2006.02.008","article-title":"Effects of Acacia nilotica, A. polyacantha and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal supplementation on performance of small East African goats fed native pasture hay basal forages","volume":"70","author":"Rubanza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib159","first-page":"228","article-title":"A review of ethnoveterinary knowledge, biological activities and secondary metabolites of medicinal woody plants used for managing animal health in South Africa","volume":"8","author":"Selogatwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib160","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of some gastrointestinal parasites of ruminants in southern Botswana","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Botsw. J. Agric. Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib161","first-page":"212","article-title":"Zoonotic helminths of domestic and wild animals: economic importance, epidemiology and public health implications","volume":"13","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.04.004","article-title":"Rainfall as a driver of seasonality in parasitism","volume":"12","author":"Shearer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib163","first-page":"56","article-title":"Helimenth parasites of small ruminant in gozamin woreda","volume":"8","author":"Shime","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Sci. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib164","article-title":"Effect of deworming on milk production in dairy cattle and buffaloes infected with gastrointestinal parasites in the kavrepalanchowk district of central Nepal","volume":"7","author":"Shrestha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Rec. Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4314\/evj.v26i2.1","article-title":"Effects of supplementation of different Indigenous species of browses to arsi-bale yearling goats on feed intake, growth performance, and helminthes loads","volume":"6","author":"Sisay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ethiop. Vet. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4314\/evj.v25i2.8","article-title":"Anthelminthic effects of extracts of Indigenous browses from mid rift valley of Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Sisay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethiop. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6841","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55611-7","article-title":"Epidemiology and field efficacy of anthelmintic drugs associated with gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in nejo district, Oromia, Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"Solomon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib168","series-title":"Recent Frontiers of Phytochemicals","first-page":"1","article-title":"Extraction, isolation, and characterization of phytochemicals, the bioactive compounds of plants","author":"Sruthi","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.9734\/arrb\/2022\/v37i130473","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal strongyles infecting sheep in nziih, west Cameroon","volume":"37","author":"Stephanie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. res. rev. biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13101599","article-title":"The economic impact of parasitism from nematodes, trematodes and ticks on beef cattle production","volume":"13","author":"Strydom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.07.004","article-title":"The effect of purified condensed tannins of forage plants from Botswana on the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of livestock","volume":"197","author":"Tibe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0285-z","article-title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths and anthelmintic resistance on small-scale farms in Gauteng province, South Africa","volume":"45","author":"Tsotetsi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08404","article-title":"A review on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum L.)","volume":"25","author":"Ugbogu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-024-00686-9","article-title":"Study of medicinal plants used in ethnoveterinary medical system in riverine areas of Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"20","author":"Umair","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859621001015","article-title":"Nutraceutical and preservative potential of Acacia mearnsii and Acacia dealbata leaves for ruminant production and product quality enhancement","volume":"159","author":"Uushona","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib176","first-page":"64","article-title":"The importance of anthelmintic resistance in South Africa","volume":"81","author":"Van Wyk","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfz041","article-title":"Sustainable livestock systems to improve human health, nutrition, and economic status","volume":"9","author":"Varijakshapanicker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal Front"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v77i1.331","article-title":"Managing anthelmintic resistance in small ruminant livestock of resource-poor farmers in South Africa","volume":"77","author":"Vatta","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4103\/0257-7941.131978","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of Dichrostachys cinerea W and arn leaves by a thin layer chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatography and column chromatography","volume":"32","author":"Vijayalakshmi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anc. Sci. Life"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.10.006","article-title":"Mixed methods evaluation of targeted selective anthelmintic treatment by resource-poor smallholder goat farmers in Botswana","volume":"214","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib181","first-page":"575","article-title":"Public health significance of intestinal parasitic infections","volume":"65","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib182","first-page":"11","article-title":"Alternative control methods of gastrointestinal nematode infections in small ruminants: biological method and use of medicinal plant extracts","volume":"3","author":"Worku","year":"2017","journal-title":"ARC J. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1071\/AN09028","article-title":"Supplements containing Acacia karroo foliage reduce nematode burdens in Nguni and crossbred cattle","volume":"49","author":"Xhomfulana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113317","article-title":"The utilisation of tannin extract as a dietary additive in ruminant nutrition: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Yanza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib189","first-page":"91","article-title":"Chemical characterization and biological activities of extracts from two plants (Cissus quadrangularis and Acacia polyacantha) used in veterinary medicine in Benin","volume":"3","author":"Yaya Alain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"issue":"1\/3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2008.02.007","article-title":"Feeding Acacia etbaica and Dichrostachys cinerea fruits to smallholder goats in northern Ethiopia improves their performance during the dry season","volume":"119","author":"Yayneshet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5455\/JRCM.20231023083805","article-title":"Ethno veterinary approaches on control and treating parasitic diseases","volume":"1","author":"Yusuf","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Complement. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017044","article-title":"Comparison of the in Vitro anthelmintic effects of Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana","volume":"24","author":"Zabr\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.09.005","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in goats in low-input low-output farming systems in Zimbabwe","volume":"143","author":"Zvinorova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874125007640?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874125007640?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T12:16:41Z","timestamp":1769689001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874125007640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":189,"alternative-id":["S0378874125007640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Indigenous ethno-nutraceutical plants: Potential game-changers for the dual management of ruminant helminths and undernutrition in sub-saharan africa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120077","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120077"}}