{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:02:03Z","timestamp":1792598523879,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012253","name":"Guangxi University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZX01080033724004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZX01080033724004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012253","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004607","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025GXNSFBA069414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFBA069414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T22:49:42Z","timestamp":1760222982000},"page":"120716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Ailanthone: A multi-targeting Quassinoid from Ailanthus altissima for broad-spectrum cancer therapy - a comprehensive review of mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and clinical prospects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"355","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4981-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongjun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haowei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youlong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NP00009A","article-title":"Advances, opportunities, and challenges in methods for interrogating the structure activity relationships of natural products","volume":"41","author":"Ancajas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6681","article-title":"Anticancer properties and mechanism of action of the quassinoid ailanthone","volume":"34","author":"Bailly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040510","article-title":"Control of oxidative stress in cancer chemoresistance: spotlight on Nrf2 role","volume":"10","author":"Barrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2021.102190","article-title":"Treatment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: the dark side of the moon","volume":"96","author":"Becattini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00409-y","article-title":"Osteosarcoma","volume":"8","author":"Beird","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(01)89353-9","article-title":"On the structure of ailanthone","volume":"5","author":"Bellavita","year":"1964","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00565-2","article-title":"Treatment landscape of triple-negative breast cancer \u2014 expanded options, evolving needs","volume":"19","author":"Bianchini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2650010105","article-title":"Plants as a source of antimalarial drugs 5. Activities of Ailanthus altissima stem constituents and of some related quassinoids","volume":"1","author":"Bray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib9","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01686-9","article-title":"Selective antagonism of cJun for cancer therapy","volume":"39","author":"Brennan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.06.089","article-title":"GAS5 knockdown reduces the chemo-sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell to cisplatin (DDP) through regulating miR-21\/PTEN axis","volume":"93","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2024.03.004","article-title":"Early detection and interception of lung cancer","volume":"38","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37154","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16209","article-title":"YAP promotes tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance in neuroblastoma","volume":"8","author":"Chao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.10.022","article-title":"Development of a validated LC\u2013MS\/MS method for the determination of ailanthone in rat plasma with application to pharmacokinetic study","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.10.010","article-title":"Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: a review of the past decade","volume":"370","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6821","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7491","article-title":"Ailanthone induces G2\/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-018-0008-7","article-title":"Targeting oncogenic myc as a strategy for cancer treatment","volume":"3","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib18","article-title":"Analysis of long noncoding RNAs in Aila-Induced non-small cell lung cancer inhibition","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.0c00229","article-title":"Discovery of potent small-molecule inhibitors of MLL methyltransferase","volume":"11","author":"Chern","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.021","article-title":"Ailanthone increases oxidative stress in CDDP-Resistant ovarian and bladder cancer cells by inhibiting of Nrf2 and YAP expression through a post-translational mechanism","volume":"150","author":"Cucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.10.034","article-title":"Ailanthone inhibits cell growth and migration of cisplatin resistant bladder cancer cells through down-regulation of Nrf2, YAP, and c-Myc expression","volume":"56","author":"Daga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46096","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404053200","article-title":"Novel DNA bis-intercalation by MLN944, a potent clinical bisphenazine anticancer drug","volume":"279","author":"Dai","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e348","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00242-4","article-title":"Elective nodal radiotherapy in prostate cancer","volume":"22","author":"De Meerleer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.113346","article-title":"Functionalized dextrin-based nanosponges as effective carriers for the herbicide ailanthone","volume":"164","author":"Demasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-024-03594-w","article-title":"Ailanthone disturbs cross-talk between cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages via HIF1-\u03b1\/LINC01956\/FUS\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway in glioblastoma","volume":"24","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7357","DOI":"10.2174\/0109298673315460240816091032","article-title":"Ailanthone increases cisplatin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in cisplatin resistance non-small cell lung cancer cells through the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"32","author":"Di","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.11710","article-title":"Ailanthone: a novel potential drug for treating human cancer","volume":"20","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.5076","article-title":"Ailanthone suppresses the activity of human colorectal cancer cells through the STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"49","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.07.001","article-title":"From traditional Chinese medicine to rational cancer therapy","volume":"13","author":"Efferth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3544","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.2226","article-title":"KMT2A histone methyltransferase contributes to colorectal cancer development by promoting cathepsin Z transcriptional activation","volume":"8","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"CANCER MED-US"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155333","article-title":"Ailanthone inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth and metastasis through targeting UPF1\/GAS5\/ULK1 signaling pathway","volume":"128","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2157547","article-title":"Targeting mitophagy as a novel therapeutic approach in liver cancer","volume":"19","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112854","article-title":"Retraction notice to \u201cAilanthone exerts anticancer effect by up-regulating miR-148a expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion\u201d [biomed. Pharmacother. 109 (2019) 1062\u20131069]","volume":"150","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.03.008","article-title":"European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: diagnostics: update 2022","volume":"170","author":"Garbe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01827-6","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer","volume":"22","author":"Glaviano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib35","article-title":"A switch from canonical to noncanonical wnt signaling mediates drug resistance in Colon cancer cells","volume":"6","author":"Gottardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib36","first-page":"132","article-title":"Ailanthone suppresses liver cancer cell malignant behavior by regulating microRNA-489-3p","volume":"86","author":"Guan","year":"2024","journal-title":"INDIAN J PHARM SCI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3390\/v15020547","article-title":"Recent developments in glioblastoma therapy: oncolytic viruses and emerging future strategies","volume":"15","author":"Hamad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2017.64.15.9","article-title":"Ailanthone reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux in resistant K562\/A02 cells","volume":"64","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1406184","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"373","author":"Hartmut D\u00f6hner","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2014.02.006","article-title":"The Nrf2 transcription factor contributes to resistance to cisplatin in bladder cancer","volume":"32","author":"Hayden","year":"2014","journal-title":"UROL ONCOL-SEMIN ORI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13122","article-title":"Ailanthone targets p23 to overcome MDV3100 resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12697.x","article-title":"Identification of an allelopathic compound from Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae) and characterization of its herbicidal activity","volume":"83","author":"Heisey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib42","first-page":"10444","article-title":"Retracted: ailanthone exerts an antitumor function on the development of human lung cancer by upregulating microRNA\u2010195","volume":"120","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1125-0385","article-title":"Determining the drug-like properties of ailanthone, a novel Chinese medicine monomer with Anti-CRPC activity","volume":"86","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.6003","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of curcumin following inhalation administration in rats\u2014A comparative analysis with oral and intravenous routes","volume":"38","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3683","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.56.3683","article-title":"Constituents of the root bark of Ailanthus altissima SWINGLE. Isolation and X-Ray crystal structures of shinjudilactone and shinjulactone C and conversion of ailanthone into shinjudilactone","volume":"56","author":"Ishibashi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.02.075","article-title":"Molecular mechanism activating nrf2\u2013keap1 pathway in regulation of adaptive response to electrophiles","volume":"36","author":"Itoh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24957","article-title":"Phase 2 trial of talampanel, a glutamate receptor inhibitor, for adults with recurrent malignant gliomas","volume":"116","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-24-0147","article-title":"Lung microbiome in lung cancer: a new horizon in cancer study","volume":"17","author":"Kashyap","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.01.034","article-title":"Constituents of the stem barks of Ailanthus altissima and their potential to inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide production","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2016.191","article-title":"Effects of adamantyl derivatives on pharmacokinetic behavior of paclitaxel in rats","volume":"25","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"BIOMOL THER"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80055-5","article-title":"A new family of G- protein regulators \u2013 the RGS proteins","volume":"9","author":"Koelle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib52","article-title":"Statement of retraction","volume":"48","author":"Kong","year":"2020","journal-title":"ARTIF CELL NANOMED B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165841","article-title":"Reprogramming of serine, glycine and one-carbon metabolism in cancer","volume":"1866","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"BBA-MOL BASIS DIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib54","article-title":"Histone methyltransferase EZH2: a potential therapeutic target for kidney diseases","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114121","article-title":"Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Ailanthus altissima (mill.) swingle bark: a comprehensive review","volume":"275","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s43450-022-00340-z","article-title":"Anti-hepatic fibrosis potential of ailanthone, A quassinoid isolated from Ailanthus altissima","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"REV BRAS FARMACOGN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_166_2024","article-title":"Ailanthone inhibits bladder cancer tumor and cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and activation of the janus kinase\/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"CytoJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.08.012","article-title":"Metastatic heterogeneity of breast cancer: molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic targets","volume":"60","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156258","article-title":"Ailanthone targets the KMT2A-MEN1 complex to suppress lung metastasis of osteosarcoma","volume":"136","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib60","first-page":"275","article-title":"RETRACTED: ailanthone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in melanoma B16 and A375 cells","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00821-8","article-title":"Cutaneous melanoma","volume":"402","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040837","article-title":"Role and mechanisms of mitophagy in liver diseases","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-03991-0","article-title":"Virtual screening\u2013molecular docking\u2013activity evaluation of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) swingle bark in the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib64","article-title":"Elucidation of the mechanism of action of ailanthone in the treatment of colorectal cancer: integration of network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation","volume":"15","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3830","article-title":"Targeting the MLL complex in castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"21","author":"Malik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15143583","article-title":"Current landscape of genome-wide association studies in acute myeloid leukemia: a review","volume":"15","author":"Marrero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-009-0373-1","article-title":"Gastroprotective and antisecretory effects of Ailanthus excelsa (roxb)","volume":"64","author":"Melanchauski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J NAT MED-TOKYO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.03.022","article-title":"NRF2 and the hallmarks of cancer","volume":"34","author":"Montserrat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5913","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-0728","article-title":"Resistance to CYP17A1 inhibition with abiraterone in castration-resistant prostate cancer: induction of steroidogenesis and androgen receptor splice variants","volume":"17","author":"Mostaghel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-020-00050-y","article-title":"Stemming the tide of drug resistance in cancer","volume":"19","author":"Mullard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-017-0568-7","article-title":"Mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer","volume":"19","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.9b01285","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01\/1981 to 09\/2019","volume":"83","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2017.319","article-title":"Ailanthone inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell growth through repressing DNA replication via downregulating RPA1","volume":"117","author":"Ni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-018-9903-0","article-title":"The challenge of drug resistance in cancer treatment: a current overview","volume":"35","author":"Nikolaou M","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1159\/000487460","article-title":"The LncRNA EPEL promotes lung cancer cell proliferation through E2F target activation","volume":"45","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib76","first-page":"404","article-title":"Treatment of muscle\u2010invasive and advanced bladder cancer in 2020","volume":"70","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40880-017-0194-7","article-title":"Ailanthone: a new potential drug for castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"36","author":"Peng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1509482","article-title":"Ailanthone blocks mitophagy to promote mtDNA leakage through BAX-BAK1 pores and suppress hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation","volume":"15","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.01.023","article-title":"Mini-review: foldosome regulation of androgen receptor action in prostate cancer","volume":"369","author":"Querol Cano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib80","first-page":"102","article-title":"MicroRNAs-based therapy: a novel and promising strategy for cancer treatment","volume":"6","author":"R","year":"2017","journal-title":"MicroRNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/02648725.2018.1471566","article-title":"Long noncoding RNAs: regulation, function and cancer","volume":"34","author":"Rafiee","year":"2018","journal-title":"BIOTECHNOL GENET ENG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.45.1527","article-title":"Anti-tuberculosis activity of quassinoids","volume":"45","author":"Rahman S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S216","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401534","article-title":"Quassinoids can induce mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and caspase 3 activation in human cells","volume":"11","author":"Rosati","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50612-4","article-title":"Exosome microRNA-22 inhibiting proliferation, migration and invasion through regulating Twist1\/CADM1 axis in osteosarcoma","volume":"14","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4315","article-title":"A functional interaction between Hippo-YAP signalling and FoxO1 mediates the oxidative stress response","volume":"5","author":"Shao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib86","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2024.05.001","article-title":"Advancements in combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41824","article-title":"Castration resistance in human prostate cancer is conferred by a frequently occurring androgen receptor splice variant","volume":"120","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2017.3925","article-title":"Identification of circulating long non-coding RNA GAS5 as a potential biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer diagnosis","volume":"50","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.70075","article-title":"Ailanthone restrains osteosarcoma growth and metastasis by decreasing the expression of regulator of G protein signaling 4 and twist family BHLH transcription factor 1","volume":"105","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2019.04.016","article-title":"Preclinical toxicology and toxicokinetic evaluation of ailanthone, a natural product against castration-resistant prostate cancer, in mice","volume":"136","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0187-x","article-title":"The mechanisms of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma: theoretical basis and therapeutic aspects","volume":"5","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12121595","article-title":"Epigenetic changes associated with osteosarcoma: a comprehensive review","volume":"12","author":"Twenhafel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.110.037952","article-title":"Metabolism of the c-Fos\/Activator Protein-1 inhibitor T-5224 by multiple human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms","volume":"39","author":"Uchihashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.054","article-title":"Glioblastoma hijacks neuronal mechanisms for brain invasion","volume":"185","author":"Venkataramani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.330746.119","article-title":"Estrogen-related receptors are targetable ROS sensors","volume":"34","author":"Vernier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.11.116","article-title":"Cytotoxic quassinoids from Ailanthus altissima","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib98","first-page":"6022","article-title":"Antitumor activity of the Ailanthus altissima bark phytochemical ailanthone against breast cancer MCF-7 cells","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.60674","article-title":"Ailanthus altissima-derived ailanthone enhances gastric cancer cell apoptosis by inducing the repression of base excision repair by downregulating p23 expression","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1432816","article-title":"Ailanthone inhibits cell proliferation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma via PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid-Based Compl Alt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib101","article-title":"Ailanthone synergizes with PARP1 inhibitor in tumour growth inhibition through crosstalk of DNA repair pathways in gastric cancer","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1081978","article-title":"The role played by ailanthone in inhibiting bone metastasis of breast cancer by regulating tumor-bone microenvironment through the RANKL-Dependent pathway","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib103","first-page":"3569","article-title":"Ailanthone induces autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells","volume":"16","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113927","article-title":"c-JUN interacts with HDAC1 as a potential combinatorial therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"146","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111450","article-title":"The metastasizing mechanisms of lung cancer: recent advances and therapeutic challenges","volume":"138","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3727\/096504018X15149775533331","article-title":"Ailanthone promotes human vestibular schwannoma cell apoptosis and autophagy by downregulation of miR-21","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01334-7","article-title":"Function and regulation of RGS family members in solid tumours: a comprehensive review","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2024.2723","article-title":"Ailanthone induces autophagy and ferroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer lewis cells","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"MOL CLIN ONCOL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02105-9","article-title":"Advances on immunotherapy for osteosarcoma","volume":"23","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02559-z","article-title":"The traditional chinese medicine monomer ailanthone improves the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-L1 in melanoma cells by targeting c-Jun","volume":"41","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302459","article-title":"Celastrol combats methicillin\u2010resistant Staphylococcus aureus by targeting \u03941\u2010Pyrroline\u20105\u2010Carboxylate dehydrogenase","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2018.09.004","article-title":"Biochemical aspects of PD-L1 regulation in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib113","article-title":"Ailanthone inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by downregulating the serine biosynthetic pathway","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2022.104776","article-title":"Retraction notice to \u201cAilanthone up-regulates miR-449a to restrain acute myeloid leukemia cells growth, migration and invasion\u201d [Experimental and Molecular pathology 108 (2019) 114\u2013120]","volume":"126","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2023.03.004","article-title":"ASFV transcription reporter screening system identifies ailanthone as a broad antiviral compound","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2024.2358732","article-title":"TMX2 potentiates cell viability of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting autophagy and mitophagy","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib117","article-title":"Ailanthone induces triple-negative breast cancer cells death involving the inhibition of OTUB1-mediated ERR\u03b1 deubiquitylation","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1843810","article-title":"A coordinated phosphorylation by lats and CK1 regulates YAP stability through SCF\u03b2-TRCP","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gene Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.04.013","article-title":"Ailanthone ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing JUN-dependent MEOX1 activation","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.2c00099","article-title":"Celastrol targets cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1 to prevent fibroblast\u2013myofibroblast transformation against pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-024-01347-9","article-title":"Ailanthone suppresses cell proliferation of renal cell carcinoma partially via inhibition of EZH2","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16185","article-title":"Ailanthone inhibits Huh7 cancer cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Zhuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874125014084?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874125014084?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T03:36:47Z","timestamp":1764041807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874125014084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":124,"alternative-id":["S0378874125014084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ailanthone: A multi-targeting Quassinoid from Ailanthus altissima for broad-spectrum cancer therapy - a comprehensive review of mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and clinical prospects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120716","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120716"}}