{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:40:21Z","timestamp":1787496021652,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-2320-B-039-023-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2320-B-039-023-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020872","name":"Tainan Municipal An Nan Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANHRF112-48"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANHRF112-48"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020872","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010002","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007300","name":"China Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU113-MF-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU113-MF-33"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007300","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012544","name":"China Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRC-CENTER-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRC-CENTER-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:33:05Z","timestamp":1761183185000},"page":"120771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Topical menthol mitigates pruritus and inhibits spinal microglial activation in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"356","author":[{"given":"Shih-Ya","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran","family":"Van Bao Quach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yi","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sih-Ting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rae-Mann","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Chen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8946-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2011.09.003","article-title":"Gastrin-releasing peptide induces itch-related responses through mast cell degranulation in mice","volume":"32","author":"Andoh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6423","article-title":"Mentha: a genus rich in vital nutra-pharmaceuticals-A review","volume":"33","author":"Anwar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705652","article-title":"Characterization of the mouse cold-menthol receptor TRPM8 and vanilloid receptor type-1 VR1 using a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay","volume":"141","author":"Behrendt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2007.11.009","article-title":"Update on the treatment of the pruritus of cholestasis","volume":"12","author":"Bergasa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.4899","article-title":"Chronic pruritus: a review","volume":"331","author":"Butler","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03585.x","article-title":"Therapeutic and experimental therapeutic studies on acupuncture and itch: review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Carlsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1023746","article-title":"Cold stimuli, hot topic: an updated review on the biological activity of menthol in relation to inflammation","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3390\/life14070817","article-title":"The impact of plant essential oils on the growth of the pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea","volume":"14","author":"Christova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106679","article-title":"Menthol protects dopaminergic neurons against inflammation-mediated damage in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-evoked model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"85","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03871.x","article-title":"Menthol and related cooling compounds","volume":"46","author":"Eccles","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib11","series-title":"In: Uptodate","article-title":"Pruritus: therapies for generalized pruritus","author":"Fazio","year":"2025"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13243515","article-title":"Soothing the itch: the role of medicinal plants in alleviating pruritus in palliative care","volume":"13","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.12.2045","article-title":"Dermal mast cells determine susceptibility to ultraviolet B\u2013induced systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity responses in mice","volume":"187","author":"Hart","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.17565","article-title":"Practical guide for the diagnosis and treatment of localized and generalized cutaneous pruritus (chronic itch with no underlying pruritic dermatosis)","volume":"52","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mint (Mentha spp.) essential oil extraction: from conventional to emerging technologies","author":"Hedayati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02553-4","article-title":"Activation of peripheral TRPM8 mitigates ischemic stroke by topically applied menthol","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.048611","article-title":"Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 protects dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"74","author":"Hung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00198","article-title":"Overview of general and discriminating markers of differential microglia phenotypes","volume":"14","author":"Jurga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib19","first-page":"234","article-title":"A comparison of topical Emla cream with Bonain's solution for anesthesia of the tympanic membrane during tympanocentesis","volume":"253","author":"Jyvakorpi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)00941-4","article-title":"Norbinaltorphimine, a selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist, induces an itch-associated response in mice","volume":"418","author":"Kamei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgaf292","article-title":"Long-term scratching analysis of mice using machine learning","volume":"4","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)00780-B","article-title":"Scratching behavior induced by pruritogenic but not algesiogenic agents in mice","volume":"275","author":"Kuraishi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01367.x","article-title":"Mouse models of acute, chemical itch and pain in humans","volume":"20","author":"LaMotte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.24146","article-title":"Manual acupuncture relieves bile acid-induced itch in mice: the role of microglia and TNF-\u03b1","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.01.268","article-title":"Peripheral formalin injury induces 2 stages of microglial activation in the spinal cord","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.1006908","article-title":"The distinctive role of menthol in pain and analgesia: mechanisms, practices, and advances","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.07.007","article-title":"Electroacupuncture inhibits pruritogen-induced spinal microglial activation in mice","volume":"1649","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15699","article-title":"Microglia-neuron interactions promote chronic itch via the NLRP3-IL-1\u03b2-GRPR axis","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib29","first-page":"54","article-title":"Peppermint and its functionality: a review","volume":"8","author":"Loolaie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib30","first-page":"131","article-title":"Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Mentha Longifolia L. and its main constituent, menthol. Anc","volume":"33","author":"Mikaili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Life"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.12.025","article-title":"Cooling relief of acute and chronic itch requires TRPM8 channels and neurons","volume":"138","author":"Palkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.04.008","article-title":"Menthol: a refreshing look at this ancient compound","volume":"57","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12679","article-title":"The role and mechanism of action of menthol in topical analgesic products","volume":"43","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Therapeut."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32834a41c2","article-title":"Pathophysiology of itch and new treatments","volume":"11","author":"Raap","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib36","author":"Royal Botanic Gardens"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3912","article-title":"STAT3-dependent reactive astrogliosis in the spinal dorsal horn underlies chronic itch","volume":"21","author":"Shiratori-Hayashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0305","article-title":"Clinical classification of itch: a position paper of the international forum for the study of itch","volume":"87","author":"Stander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10308","article-title":"Activation of p38 mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase in spinal hyperactive microglia contributes to pain hypersensitivity following peripheral nerve injury","volume":"45","author":"Tsuda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib40","article-title":"The role of microglia and macrophages in CNS homeostasis, autoimmunity, and cancer","volume":"2017","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23501","article-title":"Scratching activates microglia in the mouse spinal cord","volume":"93","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1159\/000373929","article-title":"Microglia are involved in pruritus induced by DNFB via the CX3CR1\/p38 MAPK pathway","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874125014631?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874125014631?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:46:39Z","timestamp":1777571199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874125014631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0378874125014631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Topical menthol mitigates pruritus and inhibits spinal microglial activation in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120771","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120771"}}