{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:36:17Z","timestamp":1783485377193,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012249","name":"Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T01:35:26Z","timestamp":1762565726000},"page":"120873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, in vivo metabolism and liver microsomal metabolism of GK-A, GK-2 and Eucomic acid in rats were studied by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging of Ginkgo semen extract"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"357","author":[{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhujun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113764","article-title":"Gentisic acid attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis through the modulation of Nrf2\/HO-1 and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"146","author":"Abdelmawgood","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib2","article-title":"The interplay of plant-based antioxidants, inflammation, and clinical outcomes in asthma: a systematic review","volume":"2024","author":"Ajaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.02.013","article-title":"Aqueous extracts from Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC. Reduce bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of asthma","volume":"218","author":"Azevedo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2017.02.004","article-title":"Biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidants in severe asthma: a prospective case-control study","volume":"118","author":"Bishopp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8050117","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. cladode polyphenolic extracts","volume":"8","author":"Blando","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib6","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion characteristics of a radix polygoni multiflori extract in rats","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidance for industry: bioanalytical method validation","year":"2018","journal-title":"U.S. Dep. Heal.Hum. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2021.114431","article-title":"Metabolic profiling and pharmacokinetic studies of sinapine thiocyanate by UHPLC-Q\/TOF-MS and UHPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"207","author":"Guan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13111331","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidants in pediatric asthma's evolution and management","volume":"13","author":"Ioniuc","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13780","article-title":"Drug metabolism and drug transport of the 100 most prescribed oral drugs","volume":"131","author":"Iversen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5821","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b05401","article-title":"High spatial-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization-ion trap-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry imaging for depicting longitudinal and transverse distribution of drugs incorporated into hair","volume":"92","author":"Kamata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib12","first-page":"731","article-title":"Advances in pharmacological research of Ginkgo biloba","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Eval. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113994","article-title":"Toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of phalloidin in mice","volume":"179","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153649","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids in respiratory diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"90","author":"Mitra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3286","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive LC\u2010MS\/MS method for the determination of Pulsatilla saponin D in rat plasma and its application in a rat pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study","volume":"29","author":"Ouyang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154544","article-title":"Gender differences pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, hepatic metabolism and metabolism studies of Pinnatifolone A, a sesquiterpenoid compound, in rats by LC-MS\/MS and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS\/MS","volume":"109","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.02.055","article-title":"Synthesis and formulation studies of griseofulvin analogues with improved solubility and metabolic stability","volume":"130","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15516","article-title":"Evaluation of proximate composition, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of ginkgo seeds fermented with different rice wine starters","volume":"85","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.112997","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and metabolic profiles of swertiamarin in rats by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"179","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200300601","article-title":"Chemistry and biology of terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba","volume":"43","author":"Str\u00f8mgaard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2016.11.728","article-title":"A theoretical Study on the roles of Ca2+ in the energy metabolite stability during cardiac workload transition","volume":"112","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib22","series-title":"Ginkgos and people-a Thousand Years of Interaction","author":"Tredici","year":"1991"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27020339","article-title":"Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of the pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 peptide in rats: integration of in vitro and in vivo findings","volume":"27","author":"Valicherla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14808","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04532","article-title":"Systematic strategy for metabolites of amentoflavone in vivo and in vitro based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS\/MS analysis","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2020.1871374","article-title":"Evodiamine protects against airway remodelling and inflammation in asthmatic rats by modulating the HMGB1\/NF-\u03baB\/TLR-4 signalling pathway","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118299","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Yigong San in rats","volume":"331","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2024.116446","article-title":"Study on the chemical composition of Gegen-Tianma decoction and its absorbed constituents in rat plasma, brain based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and DESI-MSI","volume":"251","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.17576\/jsm-2021-5005-22","article-title":"Study on the mechanism of ginkgo seeds in treating bronchitis by network pharmacology","volume":"50","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sains Malays."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2018.07.034","article-title":"Metabolic profiles and pharmacokinetics of picroside I in rats by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1095","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr., B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2012.10.004","article-title":"Preclinical experimental models of drug metabolism and disposition in drug discovery and development","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2022.114595","article-title":"Qualitative analysis and differentiation of ginkgo cultivars based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS\/MS with the characteristic ion and neutral loss strategy combined with chemometric methods","volume":"211","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111523","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic study of seven bioactive components of Xiaoyan Lidan formula in cholestatic and control rats using UPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"139","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.4958","article-title":"Quantification of 10 bioactive components of Yazhangsan in rat plasma by LC\u2013MS\/MS and its application","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Chromatogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2018.1474970","article-title":"Improved delivery of natural alkaloids into lung cancer through woody oil-based emulsive nanosystems","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109756","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive UHPLC-MS\/MS method for the determination of ziyuglycoside I and its application in a preliminary pharmacokinetic study in healthy and leukopenic rats","volume":"123","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.10792","article-title":"Submerged fermentation of Ginkgo biloba seed powder using Eurotium cristatum for the development of ginkgo seeds fermented products","volume":"101","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037887412501565X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037887412501565X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:55:27Z","timestamp":1776135327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S037887412501565X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S037887412501565X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, in vivo metabolism and liver microsomal metabolism of GK-A, GK-2 and Eucomic acid in rats were studied by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging of Ginkgo semen extract","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120873","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120873"}}