{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:35:14Z","timestamp":1792798514561,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82474406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82474406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82174308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82174308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020084","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025A03J3430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A03J3430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T16:12:04Z","timestamp":1764691924000},"page":"120994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exploring the gut-kidney axis: Berberine's role in alleviating chronic kidney disease through microbiota and short-chain fatty acids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"358","author":[{"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangchun","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingdian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xusheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4903-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongmei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.121040","article-title":"Insights into the role of P2X7R\/DUSP6\/ERK1\/2 and SIRT2\/MDM2 signaling in the nephroprotective effect of berberine against cisplatin-induced renal fibrosis in rats","volume":"309","author":"Ahmedy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.11.005","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids are potential mediators in gut inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Akhtar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e382","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00570-3","article-title":"An update on the global disparities in kidney disease burden and care across world countries and regions","volume":"12","author":"Bello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00631-9","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila: paradigm for next-generation beneficial microorganisms","volume":"19","author":"Cani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117689","article-title":"Butyrate modulates gut microbiota and anti-inflammatory response in attenuating cisplatin-induced kidney injury","volume":"181","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01906-24","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived butyrate improved acute leptospirosis in hamster via promoting macrophage ROS mediated by HDAC3 inhibition","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105998","article-title":"The natural product berberine synergizes with osimertinib preferentially against MET-amplified osimertinib-resistant lung cancer via direct MET inhibition","volume":"175","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae118","article-title":"Propionate and butyrate counteract renal damage and progression to chronic kidney disease","volume":"40","author":"Corte-Iglesias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib9","article-title":"Exploring the clinical efficacy and mechanism of high-position colon dialysis combined with traditional Chinese medicine retention enema in real-world patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease (non-dialysis) based on the theory of the gut-kidney axis","volume":"14","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137379","article-title":"The role of short chain fatty acids in inflammation and body health","volume":"25","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-090122-045843","article-title":"Immunology of kidney disease","volume":"42","author":"Foresto-Neto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061986","article-title":"Isolation and quantification of uremic toxin precursor-generating gut bacteria in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"21","author":"Gryp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1039\/C4MB00500G","article-title":"A metabolomic and pharmacokinetic study on the mechanism underlying the lipid-lowering effect of orally administered berberine","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2023.2197076","article-title":"Psyllium seed husk regulates the gut microbiota and improves mucosal barrier injury in the colon to attenuate renal injury in 5\/6 nephrectomy rats","volume":"45","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e342","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00050-0","article-title":"The major global burden of chronic kidney disease","volume":"12","author":"Jadoul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060907","article-title":"The association between gut microbiota and uremia of chronic kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00647-z","article-title":"Gut microbiome studies in CKD: opportunities, pitfalls and therapeutic potential","volume":"19","author":"Krukowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2022.09.038","article-title":"Monosodium glutamate consumption reduces the renal excretion of trimethylamine N-oxide and the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut","volume":"630","author":"Kyaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154935","article-title":"FTZ polysaccharides ameliorate kidney injury in diabetic mice by regulating gut-kidney axis","volume":"118","author":"Lan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa019","article-title":"Association of subjective global assessment of nutritional status with gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients: a case-control study","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105420","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in intestinal barrier function, inflammation, oxidative stress, and colonic carcinogenesis","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb3763","article-title":"Diet posttranslationally modifies the mouse gut microbial proteome to modulate renal function","volume":"369","author":"Lobel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0172-1","article-title":"Intestinal microbiome and fitness in kidney disease","volume":"15","author":"Meijers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.034","article-title":"Gut symbionts alleviate MASH through a secondary bile acid biosynthetic pathway","volume":"187","author":"Nie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1600408","article-title":"Time-dose response and mechanistic specificity of berberine in renal fibrosis from a multi-model integration perspective: a systematic review and meta-analysis on animal models","volume":"16","author":"Nie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.12.010","article-title":"Berberine ameliorates chronic kidney disease through inhibiting the production of gut-derived uremic toxins in the gut microbiota","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.08.002","article-title":"Gut microbiota controls the development of chronic pancreatitis: a critical role of short-chain fatty acids-producing Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00277","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-Mediated gut epithelial and immune regulation and its relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"10","author":"Parada Venegas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib29","article-title":"Alterations of the human gut microbiome in chronic kidney disease","volume":"7","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071775","article-title":"Butyrate and the intestinal epithelium: modulation of proliferation and inflammation in homeostasis and disease","volume":"10","author":"Salvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnac103","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila attenuates LPS-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"369","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.012","article-title":"The case for early identification and intervention of chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference","volume":"99","author":"Shlipak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib33","article-title":"Yishen qingli heluo granule ameliorates renal dysfunction in 5\/6 nephrectomized rats by targeting gut microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17172904","article-title":"Gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids in glomerular protection and modulation of chronic kidney disease progression","volume":"17","author":"Szrejder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13947","article-title":"Berberine ameliorates renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction","volume":"133","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153777","article-title":"Protective effects of huang-lian-jie-du decoction on diabetic nephropathy through regulating AGEs\/RAGE\/Akt\/Nrf2 pathway and metabolic profiling in db\/db mice","volume":"95","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000374","article-title":"Mortality, health care burden, and treatment of CKD: a multinational, observational study (OPTIMISE-CKD)","volume":"5","author":"Tangri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib38","article-title":"Therapeutic strategies for hypertension: exploring the role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in kidney physiology and development","author":"Tortelote","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.345","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease alters intestinal microbial flora","volume":"83","author":"Vaziri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115434","article-title":"Ootheca mantidis mitigates renal fibrosis in mice by the suppression of apoptosis via increasing the gut microbe Akkermansia muciniphila and modulating glutamine metabolism","volume":"166","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20190171","article-title":"Quantitative reduction in short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease","volume":"133","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319766","article-title":"Aberrant gut microbiota alters host metabolome and impacts renal failure in humans and rodents","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib43","first-page":"1009","article-title":"Treatment of berberine alleviates diabetic nephropathy by reducing iron overload and inhibiting oxidative stress","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922","article-title":"Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease","volume":"472","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acetate attenuates inflammasome activation through GPR43-mediated Ca(2+)-dependent NLRP3 ubiquitination","volume":"51","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0018-2","article-title":"The gut microbiota and the brain-gut-kidney axis in hypertension and chronic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115165","article-title":"The Chinese medicine fufang zhenzhu tiaozhi capsule protects against renal injury and inflammation in mice with diabetic kidney disease","volume":"292","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113163","article-title":"Positive interactions among Corynebacterium glutamicum and keystone bacteria producing SCFAs benefited T2D mice to rebuild gut eubiosis","volume":"172","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109638","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of n-butanol fraction of huang-lian-jie-du decoction on ulcerative colitis and its regulation on intestinal flora in colitis mice","volume":"121","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.12.021","article-title":"The prevention and management of chronic kidney disease among patients with metabolic syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.06.014","article-title":"The probiotic L. casei zhang slows the progression of acute and chronic kidney disease","volume":"33","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874125016861?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874125016861?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:50:55Z","timestamp":1777571455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874125016861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0378874125016861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exploring the gut-kidney axis: Berberine's role in alleviating chronic kidney disease through microbiota and short-chain fatty acids","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120994","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120994"}}