{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:58:56Z","timestamp":1786114736127,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82260758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260758"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31860092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31860092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007471","name":"Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202101AT070254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005273","name":"Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YNWR-QNBJ-2020-255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T16:58:37Z","timestamp":1766077117000},"page":"121056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Protocatechuic acid with anti-autoimmune orchitis activities from lychee seed and its mechanisms on the TLR\/NF-\u03baB pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"359","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7482-820X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao-Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Jia","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fa-Yan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Ping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Bi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fa-Wu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib1","first-page":"849","article-title":"Synthesis of p-coumaroylquinic acids and analysis of their interconversion","volume":"28","author":"Anggy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Asymmetry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib2","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Mechanism study of Wuzi Yanzong Pills regulating testicular supporting cytoskeleton protein through Rictor\/mTORC2-PKC pathway","volume":"40","author":"Bao","year":"2025","journal-title":"China J. Tradit. Chinese Med. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib3","first-page":"7","article-title":"Study on the secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Coriolopsis sp.J5 of Ceriops tagal and their biological activities","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J. Marine Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02200.x","article-title":"Microbiology & gut biology group; Tayside tissue & tumour bank. Toll-like receptors-2, -3 and -4 expression patterns on human colon and their regulation by mucosal-associated bacteria","volume":"115","author":"Furrie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120612","article-title":"High strength, controlled release of curcumin-loaded ZIF-8\/chitosan\/zein film with excellence gas barrier and antibacterial activity for litchi preservation","volume":"306","author":"Geng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20704","article-title":"Cytokines and chemokines in testicular inflammation: a brief review","volume":"72","author":"Guazzone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-024-01613-9","article-title":"The gut microbiota contributes to the development of LPS-induced orchitis by disrupting the blood-testosterone barrier in mice","volume":"31","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3390\/90700602","article-title":"Isolation and structure elucidation of a flavanone, a flavanone glycoside and vomifoliol from Echiochilon Fruticosum growing in Tunisia","volume":"9","author":"Hammami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16793-3","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of male infertility in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019: an analysis of global burden of disease study","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1021\/np000583q","article-title":"Three xanthones and a benzophenone from Garcinia mangostana","volume":"64","author":"Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.004","article-title":"Decoding toll-like receptors: recent insights and perspectives in innate immunity","volume":"57","author":"Kawai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24091733","article-title":"Phytochemical Study of aerial parts of Leea asiatica","volume":"24","author":"Kil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16484","article-title":"Flavanone glycosides from citrus junos and their anti-influenza virus activity","volume":"67","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13298","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2264973","article-title":"Non-edible fruit seeds: nutritional profile, clinical aspects, and enrichment in functional foods and feeds","volume":"64","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Progress on the mechanism of action of Wuzi Yanzong pill and its formula for the treatment of Male infertility","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pract. Tradit. Chinese Internal Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib17","first-page":"620","article-title":"A new bridged ring compound from Hypericum bellum","volume":"23","author":"Luo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Divers."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib18","article-title":"Pathomechanisms of autoimmune based testicular inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Lustig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib19","first-page":"3224","article-title":"Based on fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition to study the effect of salt-water processing on the chemical components of Wuzi Yanzong Pills","volume":"52","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/s44321-023-00016-8","article-title":"Gasdermin D in macrophages drives orchitis by regulating inflammation and antigen presentation processes","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib21","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Chemical constituents from fruits of Rhododendron molle","volume":"49","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02976861","article-title":"Antioxidative constituents from Buddleia officinalis","volume":"26","author":"Mei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Pharm. Res. (Seoul)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib23","first-page":"1292","article-title":"Research on the effects of Wuzi Yanzong pill intervention on testicular function injury in subacute aging rats based on metabolomics","volume":"41","author":"Mu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chinese J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2011.08.003","article-title":"Expression of toll-like receptor TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4 and TLR-9 is increased in placentas from patients with preeclampsia","volume":"42","author":"Pineda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib25","first-page":"18","article-title":"Causes of male infertility: a 9-year prospective monocentre study on 1737 patients with reduced total sperm counts","volume":"32","author":"Punab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib26","first-page":"345","article-title":"Compounds from Lycium ruthenicum","volume":"30","author":"Qi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Product Res. Develop."},{"issue":"6641","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf7760","article-title":"Understanding the genetics of human infertility","volume":"380","author":"Sang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00598-8","article-title":"Environmental factors in declining human fertility","volume":"18","author":"Skakkeb\u00e6k","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2015","article-title":"Male reproductive disorders and fertility trends: influences of environment and genetic susceptibility","volume":"96","author":"Skakkebaek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105109","article-title":"New progress in the pharmacology of protocatechuic acid: a compound ingested in daily foods and herbs frequently and heavily","volume":"161","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-010-9245-9","article-title":"TLR polymorphisms in FMF: association of TLR-2 (Arg753Gln) and TLR-4 (Asp299Gly, Thre399Ile) polymorphisms and myeloid cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression with the development of secondary amyloidosis in FMF","volume":"34","author":"Soylu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"53","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-017-2127-8","article-title":"N-Containing phytochemicals from the seeds of Brucea javanica","volume":"4","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib34","first-page":"64","article-title":"Secondary metabolites of an endophytic fungus Alterraria sp. isolated from Saussurea medusa","volume":"23","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1042468","article-title":"Editorial: the immunology of the male genital tract","volume":"13","author":"Tung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12913","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-induced expression of epithelial cytokine receptors on haemopoietic progenitors is altered in allergic asthma","volume":"47","author":"Tworek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib37","first-page":"343","article-title":"Research progress of Litchi semen and prediction and analysis of Q-marke","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Industry"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib38","first-page":"2607","article-title":"Chemical constituents of Helianthemum ordosicum","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e820","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00098-5","article-title":"Prevalence of intimate partner violence against infertile women in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1021\/np050060o","article-title":"Constituents of Vittaria anguste-elongata and their biological activities","volume":"68","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib42","first-page":"2607","article-title":"Chemical constituents from Rhynchosia volubilis","volume":"45","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.05.073","article-title":"Eudesmane sesquiterpene glucosides from lychee seed and their cytotoxic activity","volume":"123","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib45","first-page":"1006","article-title":"Chemical constituents of Ophioglossum thermale Kom","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Product Res. Develop."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7475","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b01922","article-title":"Delay of postharvest browning in Litchi fruit by melatonin via the enhancing of antioxidative processes and oxidation repair","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056_bib47","first-page":"90","article-title":"Saluenin, a new flavonol glycoside from Camellia saluenensis","volume":"32","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Divers."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121717","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000}},{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121717","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874125017490?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874125017490?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T21:33:46Z","timestamp":1785965626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874125017490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0378874125017490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Protocatechuic acid with anti-autoimmune orchitis activities from lychee seed and its mechanisms on the TLR\/NF-\u03baB pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2025.121056","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121056"}}