{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:00:05Z","timestamp":1792519205259,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515110209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515110209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YN2023QN20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YN2023QN20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012829","name":"2nd Clinical Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T07:53:49Z","timestamp":1770710029000},"page":"121350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Berberine alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating macrophage phenotype via PPAR-\u03b3\/ mTOR\/HIF-1\u03b1 signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"362","author":[{"given":"Long","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuotai","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengbin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.06.005","article-title":"A breakdown in metabolic reprogramming causes microglia dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"30","author":"Baik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3995","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.65235","article-title":"Lactate metabolism coordinates macrophage response and regeneration in zebrafish","volume":"12","author":"Bohaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-020-00225-w","article-title":"Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme in myeloid cell immune responses","volume":"25","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22652-9","article-title":"Arginine is an epigenetic regulator targeting TEAD4 to modulate OXPHOS in prostate cancer cells","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7837837","article-title":"Differential lung protective capacity of exosomes derived from human adipose tissue, bone marrow, and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in sepsis-induced acute lung injury","volume":"2022","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.71","article-title":"IL-25 stimulates M2 macrophage polarization and thereby promotes mitochondrial respiratory capacity and lipolysis in adipose tissues against obesity","volume":"15","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.908","article-title":"Phagocytosis by macrophages depends on histamine H2 receptor signaling and scavenger receptor 1","volume":"8","author":"Fultz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5596","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.73650","article-title":"Turmeric-derived nanovesicles as novel nanobiologics for targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.226382","article-title":"Mitochondrial transplantation strategies as potential therapeutics for central nervous system trauma","volume":"13","author":"Gollihue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib10","first-page":"628","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and its involvement in inflammatory diseases","volume":"20","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11111551","article-title":"Protective effects of a novel probiotic Bifidobacterium pseudolongum on the intestinal barrier of colitis mice via modulating the Ppargamma\/STAT3 pathway and intestinal Microbiota","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102558","article-title":"Small extracellular vesicles from Ptpn1-deficient macrophages alleviate intestinal inflammation by reprogramming macrophage polarization via lactadherin enrichment","volume":"58","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105358","article-title":"Berberine improves colitis by triggering AhR activation by microbial tryptophan catabolites","volume":"164","author":"Jing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183685","article-title":"A botanical mixture consisting of Inula japonica and Potentilla chinensis relieves obesity via the AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HFD-fed obese mice","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5503","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.72751","article-title":"Jwa participates the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis via ERK\/FBXW7-mediated NOTCH1\/PPARgamma\/STAT5 axis and acts as a novel putative aging related gene","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00205-8","article-title":"Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib17","first-page":"213","article-title":"Polydopamine-mediated graphene oxide and nanohydroxyapatite-incorporated conductive scaffold with an immunomodulatory ability accelerates periodontal bone regeneration in diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03778-6","article-title":"DA-DRD5 signaling controls colitis by regulating colonic M1\/M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.681171","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-macrophage crosstalk and maintenance of inflammatory microenvironment homeostasis","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadd1166","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add1166","article-title":"A tissue atlas of ulcerative colitis revealing evidence of sex-dependent differences in disease-driving inflammatory cell types and resistance to TNF inhibitor therapy","volume":"9","author":"Mayer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.MR0318-126R","article-title":"Biophysical regulation of macrophages in health and disease","volume":"106","author":"Meli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155909","article-title":"Berberine alleviates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation through targeting IRGM1","volume":"133","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.09.022","article-title":"AVE 0991 attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis via Mas\/PKA\/CREB\/UCP-2 pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats","volume":"20","author":"Mo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8256809","article-title":"In vitro anticancer potential of berberis lycium royle extracts against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells","volume":"2020","author":"Mustafa","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.103017","article-title":"The influence of cytokines on the complex pathology of ulcerative colitis","volume":"21","author":"Nakase","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.756","article-title":"Knockdown of SEMA7A alleviates MPP(+) -induced apoptosis and inflammation in BV2 microglia via PPAR-gamma activation and MAPK inactivation","volume":"11","author":"Qi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun. Inflamm. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.79685","article-title":"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes skeletal muscle regeneration via modulating the inflammatory immune microenvironment","volume":"19","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.712632","article-title":"Redefining the role of lymphotoxin beta receptor in the maintenance of lymphoid organs and immune cell homeostasis in adulthood","volume":"12","author":"Shou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10106","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.48448","article-title":"Amelioration of ulcerative colitis via inflammatory regulation by macrophage-biomimetic nanomedicine","volume":"10","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction prevents repolarization of inflammatory macrophages","volume":"17","author":"Van den Bossche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041343","article-title":"Thymoquinone, a dietary bioactive compound, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in colitis by stimulating expression of the colonic epithelial PPAR-gamma transcription factor","volume":"13","author":"Venkataraman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S360348","article-title":"Anti-hyperglycemic agents in the adjuvant treatment of sepsis: improving intestinal barrier function","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S347506","article-title":"Oral delivery of pterostilbene by L-Arginine-Mediated \"Nano-Bomb\" carrier for the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"17","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.741934","article-title":"Stigmasterol restores the balance of Treg\/Th17 cells by activating the Butyrate-PPARgamma axis in colitis","volume":"12","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-02711-8","article-title":"Prednisolone and mesenchymal stem cell preloading protect liver cell migration and mitigate extracellular matrix modification in transplanted decellularized rat liver","volume":"13","author":"Yaghoubi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib36","article-title":"A curcumin-modified coordination polymers with ROS scavenging and macrophage phenotype regulating properties for efficient ulcerative colitis treatment","volume":"10","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.05.004","article-title":"Endothelial lactate controls muscle regeneration from ischemia by inducing M2-like macrophage polarization","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132765","article-title":"Different dose of sucrose consumption divergently influences gut microbiota and PPAR-gamma\/MAPK\/NF-kappaB pathway in DSS-induced colitis mice","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5510663","article-title":"Pegylated recombinant human arginase 1 induces autophagy and apoptosis via the ROS-activated AKT\/mTOR pathway in bladder cancer cells","volume":"2021","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51736-5","article-title":"Lipid synthesis, triggered by PPARgamma T166 dephosphorylation, sustains reparative function of macrophages during tissue repair","volume":"15","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121992","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000}},{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121992","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,6]],"date-time":"2026-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796515200000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126002011?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126002011?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T19:55:05Z","timestamp":1784922905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874126002011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0378874126002011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Berberine alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating macrophage phenotype via PPAR-\u03b3\/ mTOR\/HIF-1\u03b1 signaling pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121350","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121350"}}