{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:43:30Z","timestamp":1777873410356,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005672","name":"FUNDECT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005672","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T16:04:13Z","timestamp":1772294653000},"page":"121454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of the methanolic extract of Indigofera truxillensis and its bis-indole alkaloid indigo"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"363","author":[{"given":"Ediane","family":"Cornelius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caren Naomi Aguero","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Balsalobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Luiz","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisangela","family":"Proc\u00f3pio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia Cristina Andreoli","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos Jos\u00e9","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Juliano","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2373-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arielle Cristina","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saulo Euclides","family":"Silva-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e2ndida Aparecida Leite","family":"Kassuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_175_19","article-title":"Preparation of medicinal plants: basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes","volume":"12","author":"Abubakar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. BioAllied Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-015-1735-4","article-title":"Photodynamic antimicrobial effects of the bis-indole alkaloid indigo from Indigofera truxillensis Kunth (Leguminosae)","volume":"30","author":"Andreazza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laser Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03226377","article-title":"Hepatic microsomal metabolism of indole to indoxyl, a precursor of indoxyl sulfate","volume":"26","author":"Banoglu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein\u2013dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nep123","article-title":"Mutagenic activity of Indigofera truxillensis and I. suffruticosa aerial parts","volume":"2011","author":"Calvo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib6","first-page":"287","article-title":"Anatomical and histopathological aspects of experimental intoxication of sheep by Indigofera truxillensis","volume":"42","author":"Carvalho","year":"1990","journal-title":"HBK"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib7","first-page":"149","volume":"1","author":"Chanayath","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6423","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15096423","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of Indigo naturalis on tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1\u2013induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22216-w","article-title":"Conditional knockout of NaV1.6 in adult mice ameliorates neuropathic pain","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-06032006000300004","article-title":"Antiulcerogenic activity of Indigofera truxillensis kunth","volume":"6","author":"Cola-Miranda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biota Neotropica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.4.742","article-title":"A primer on cytokines: sources, receptors, effects, and inducers","volume":"10","author":"Curfs","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00284","article-title":"Methods used to evaluate pain behaviors in rodents","volume":"10","author":"Deuis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14081609","article-title":"Inhibition of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in mice by the Microgramma vacciniifolia frond lectin (MvFL)","volume":"14","author":"de Siqueira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.11.010","article-title":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is activated in patients and mice with chronic kidney disease","volume":"93","author":"Dou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-981613","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of indigo and its preventive effect against ethanol-induced DNA damage in rat gastric mucosa","volume":"73","author":"Farias-Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R370","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1494","article-title":"TLR2 modulates inflammation in zymosan-induced arthritis in mice","volume":"7","author":"Frasnelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112608","article-title":"A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus indigofera","volume":"253","author":"Gerometta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9020052","article-title":"p-Cresyl sulfate","volume":"9","author":"Gryp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib19","first-page":"243","article-title":"Mouse paw edema: a new model for inflammation?","volume":"20","author":"Henriques","year":"1987","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2024.2415652","article-title":"Indigo naturalis as a potential drug in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a comprehensive review of current evidence","volume":"62","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2008.08.001","article-title":"COX-2 expression and function in the hyperalgesic response to paw inflammation in mice","volume":"79","author":"Jain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.06.003","article-title":"Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract, dichloromethane fraction and costunolide from Magnolia ovata (Magnoliaceae)","volume":"124","author":"Kassuya","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112418","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of extract from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica","volume":"249","author":"Kuraoka-Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001651","article-title":"The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation","volume":"1","author":"Lawrence","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/jfbc\/1159572","article-title":"An integrated strategy for discovering the active components and pharmacological mechanisms of indigo naturalis in ameliorating atherosclerosis injury","volume":"2025","author":"Lian","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8537","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO02574J","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of indigo through regulating the IKK\u03b2\/I\u03baB\/NF-\u03baB pathway in mice","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib27","series-title":"Inst. Plantarum De Estudos Da Flora Ltda.","article-title":"Plantas daninhas do Brasil: terrestres, aqu\u00e1ticas, parasitas e t\u00f3xicas","author":"Lorenzi","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14973","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms131114973","article-title":"Healing, antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of Indigofera truxillensis in different models of gastric ulcer in rats","volume":"13","author":"Luiz-Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-022-01282-0","article-title":"Antioxidant effects of the bis-indole alkaloid indigo and related signaling pathways in an experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"27","author":"Mizobuti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.09.032","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of the essential oil and active compounds from Cordia verbenacea","volume":"110","author":"Passos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-33062010000100001","article-title":"Morphoanatomical studies of seeds and seedlings of Anileira species (Indigofera L., Leguminosae)","volume":"24","author":"Paulino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Bot. Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.40.3.111","article-title":"Inflammatory models of pain and hyperalgesia","volume":"40","author":"Ren","year":"1999","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.10.084","article-title":"Effect of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil on in vitro and in vivo leukocytes behavior in acute inflammatory response","volume":"84","author":"Silva-Filho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.022","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation","volume":"140","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib35","series-title":"Plantas T\u00f3xicas Do Brasil. Editora Helianthus, nova Odessa, SP","author":"Tokarnia","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454_bib36","series-title":"Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126003053?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126003053?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T17:55:53Z","timestamp":1777571753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874126003053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0378874126003053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of the methanolic extract of Indigofera truxillensis and its bis-indole alkaloid indigo","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121454","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121454"}}