{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T17:21:52Z","timestamp":1776187312959,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":278,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22467019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22467019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011501","name":"Qinghai Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-ZJ-964J"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-ZJ-964J"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:55:37Z","timestamp":1773759337000},"page":"121545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Insight of traditional Chinese medicine in treating pulmonary hypertension: Achievements from 2021 to 2025"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"364","author":[{"given":"Ruolan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1320-2248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoude","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315330","article-title":"The PI3K\/Akt pathway in meta-inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Acosta-Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010058","article-title":"Assessing the antioxidant properties, in vitro cytotoxicity and antitumoral effects of polyphenol-rich perilla leaves extracts","volume":"13","author":"Adam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70134","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension: molecular mechanisms and clinical studies","volume":"6","author":"Adu-Amankwaah","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1136\/mp.53.2.55","article-title":"Apoptosis","volume":"53","author":"Afford","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Pathol."},{"issue":"5 Suppl. l","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S180","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200205001-00002","article-title":"Endothelial cell dynamics and complexity theory","volume":"30","author":"Aird","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2022.2161959","article-title":"Natural compounds regulate the PI3K\/Akt\/GSK3\u03b2 pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"22","author":"Ajzashokouhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib7","first-page":"457","article-title":"Meticulous parade on naringin respecting its pharmacological activities and novel formulations","volume":"12","author":"Alam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Avicenna J Phytomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2021.114068","article-title":"Quercetin derivatives: drug design, development, and biological activities, a review","volume":"229","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.916098","article-title":"Epigenetic attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a basis for excessive cell proliferation and a new therapeutic target","volume":"121","author":"Archer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201024666221130163116","article-title":"Insight into the various approaches for the enhancement of bioavailability and pharmacological potency of terpenoids: a review","volume":"24","author":"Atriya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02985-x","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome in endothelial dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902792","article-title":"Matricellular protein CCN1 activates a proinflammatory genetic program in murine macrophages","volume":"184","author":"Bai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7386","article-title":"Wogonin and its analogs for the prevention and treatment of cancer: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Banik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.121918","article-title":"Hydroxy-safflower yellow A composites: an effective strategy to enhance anti-myocardial ischemia by improving intestinal permeability","volume":"623","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0359","article-title":"Increased dihydroceramide\/ceramide ratio mediated by defective expression of degs1 impairs adipocyte differentiation and function","volume":"64","author":"Barbarroja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2020.1860080","article-title":"Perillyl alcohol suppresses monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats via anti-remodeling, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"43","author":"Beik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Hypertens."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12207","article-title":"Beneficial effects of berberine against pulmonary complications of experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats and some relevant mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Beik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pulm. Circ."},{"issue":"171","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0183-2023","article-title":"The nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP pathway in pulmonary hypertension: from PDE5 to soluble guanylate cyclase","volume":"33","author":"Benza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1125503","article-title":"The transcriptional program during germinal center reaction - a close view at GC B cells, tfh cells and tfr cells","volume":"14","author":"Betzler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111404","article-title":"A comprehensive review of tanshinone IIA and its derivatives in fibrosis treatment","volume":"137","author":"Bi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib21","article-title":"Critical analysis on characterization, systemic effect, and therapeutic potential of Beta-Sitosterol: a plant-derived orphan phytosterol","volume":"3","author":"Bin Sayeed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicines (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00276-2018","article-title":"The ROS controversy in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension revisited","volume":"51","author":"Bonnet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319971","article-title":"The latest in animal models of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure","volume":"130","author":"Boucherat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000137","article-title":"Pathophysiology and new advances in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"2","author":"Bousseau","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000102381.57477.50","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"109","author":"Budhiraja","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00411.2005","article-title":"Acute and chronic cardiovascular effects of intermittent hypoxia in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"99","author":"Campen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116229","article-title":"Advances in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"307","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-008-0197-6","article-title":"Role of Bcl-2 family members in caspase-3\/9-dependent apoptosis during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in U937 cells","volume":"13","author":"Chai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.03.056","article-title":"Trans sodium crocetinate alleviates ischemia\/reperfusion-induced myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis via the SIRT3\/FOXO3a\/SOD2 signaling pathway","volume":"71","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01094-4","article-title":"Regulation and therapy, the role of JAK2\/STAT3 signaling pathway in OA: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115332","article-title":"Vasorelaxant effect of curcubisabolanin A isolated from Curcuma longa through the PI3K\/Akt\/eNOS signaling pathway","volume":"294","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3839","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7921","article-title":"Cordycepin: a review of strategies to improve the bioavailability and efficacy","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02921-z","article-title":"PIK3R3 inhibits cell senescence through p53\/p21 signaling","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"9-10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-018-1477-4","article-title":"The role of autophagy in pulmonary hypertension: a double-edge sword","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.24-236","article-title":"Sinomenine hydrochloride regulates the apoptosis of endothelial cells through PPAR-\u03b3 to alleviate PAH","volume":"65","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib36","article-title":"Polydatin glycosides improve monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension injury by inhibiting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib37","article-title":"Ameliorative effects and mechanism of Buyang huanwu decoction on pulmonary vascular remodeling: network and experimental analyses","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib38","first-page":"1616","article-title":"Isorhamnetin alleviates symptoms and inhibits oxidative stress levels in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01325-2024","article-title":"Treatment algorithm for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"64","author":"Chin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00294","article-title":"Endothelial to mesenchymal transition represents a key link in the interaction between inflammation and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H702","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00021.2022","article-title":"Mechanisms of pulmonary vascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension and implications for novel therapies","volume":"322","author":"Christou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs261","article-title":"SOCS1 gene transfer accelerates the transition to heart failure through the inhibition of the gp130\/JAK\/STAT pathway","volume":"96","author":"Cittadini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020428","article-title":"Metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and redox homeostasis in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Colon Hidalgo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45010037","article-title":"Deciphering the mechanism of wogonin, a natural flavonoid, on the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells by integrating network pharmacology and in vitro validation","volume":"45","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.321554","article-title":"BMPR2 mutation and metabolic reprogramming in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"132","author":"Cuthbertson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06375-3","article-title":"C-type natriuretic peptide\/cGMP\/FoxO3 signaling attenuates hyperproliferation of pericytes from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Dabral","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.098","article-title":"Modular architecture of the STING C-Terminal tail allows interferon and NF-\u03baB signaling adaptation","volume":"27","author":"de Oliveira Mann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15844","article-title":"The NO\/cGMP\/PKG pathway in platelets: the therapeutic potential of PDE5 inhibitors in platelet disorders","volume":"20","author":"Degjoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemostasis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib49","article-title":"Crocin's role in modulating MMP2\/TIMP1 and mitigating hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice","volume":"14","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010273","article-title":"Polyphenols and human health: the role of bioavailability","volume":"13","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5631","article-title":"Emodin: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics","volume":"30","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.10.012","article-title":"Locally and traditionally used ligusticum species - a review of their phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics","volume":"194","author":"Donkor","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.07.034","article-title":"Non-canonical activation of the DNA sensing adaptor STING by ATM and IFI16 mediates NF-\u03baB signaling after nuclear DNA damage","volume":"71","author":"Dunphy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012656","article-title":"Inflammation in pulmonary hypertension and edema induced by hypobaric hypoxia exposure","volume":"23","author":"El Alam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-021-09828-z","article-title":"PHD2 deletion in endothelial or arterial smooth muscle cells reveals vascular cell type-specific responses in pulmonary hypertension and fibrosis","volume":"25","author":"Elamaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-00988-z","article-title":"Cell cycle regulation: p53-p21-RB signaling","volume":"29","author":"Engeland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1039\/C5MB00101C","article-title":"The PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR interactive pathway","volume":"11","author":"Ersahin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biosyst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03957-2020","article-title":"Endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"58","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110458","article-title":"Salidroside as a potential neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke: a review of sources, pharmacokinetics, mechanism and safety","volume":"129","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110915","article-title":"Ginsenosides for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: pharmacology and mechanisms","volume":"132","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201411-2128OC","article-title":"Increased mutagen sensitivity and DNA damage in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"192","author":"Federici","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01629-4","article-title":"Emerging roles and the regulation of aerobic glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib63","article-title":"Inflammasome activation in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Foley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-024-01039-0","article-title":"Zhishi xiebai guizhi decoction modulates hypoxia and lipid toxicity to alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling of pulmonary hypertension in rats","volume":"19","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109053","article-title":"Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 2D6 by notopterol","volume":"322","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.70025","article-title":"Study on the mechanism of echinacoside in preventing and treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension based on proteomic analyses","volume":"12","author":"Gai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2022.12.012","article-title":"Vascular pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"42","author":"Gallardo-Vara","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-04192-4","article-title":"Quercetin regulates pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension by downregulating TGF-\u03b21-Smad2\/3 pathway","volume":"24","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0230ED","article-title":"Src and epidermal growth factor receptor: novel partners in mediating chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1699","article-title":"Luteolin as a modulator of skin aging and inflammation","volume":"47","author":"Gendrisch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002740","article-title":"Inflammatory basis of pulmonary arterial hypertension: implications for perioperative and critical care medicine","volume":"131","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119395","article-title":"Tianlong kechuanling decoction attenuates pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"343","author":"Gong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2020.8169","article-title":"Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal transition in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"34","author":"Gorelova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2023.116596","article-title":"4-Terpineol attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling via suppressing PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rats","volume":"473","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01095-2024","article-title":"Pathology and pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension: current insights and future directions","volume":"64","author":"Guignabert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02341-2020","article-title":"Targeting transforming growth factor-\u03b2 receptors in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"57","author":"Guignabert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-901","article-title":"Potential mechanisms of qili qiangxin capsule to prevent pulmonary arterial hypertension based on network pharmacology analysis in a rat model","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-021-2414-2","article-title":"Pachymic acid ameliorates pulmonary hypertension by regulating Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway","volume":"42","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/1.1.74","article-title":"Medical thickness of pulmonary trunk in rats with cor pulmonale induced by ingestion of Crotalaria spectabilis seeds","volume":"1","author":"Heath","year":"1967","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.10.007","article-title":"Fifty years of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension: what has it meant to the field?","volume":"152","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010170","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms as emerging therapeutic targets and microfluidic chips application in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00543-3","article-title":"A global view of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"4","author":"Hoeper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202006-2169OC","article-title":"Single-cell study of two rat models of pulmonary arterial hypertension reveals connections to human pathobiology and drug repositioning","volume":"203","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12478","article-title":"Targeting the platelet-derived growth factor signalling in cardiovascular disease","volume":"42","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112338","article-title":"Perivascular inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X21500208","article-title":"Ligustrazine suppresses platelet-derived growth Factor-BB-Induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and inflammation by regulating the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"49","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib87","article-title":"Notopterol attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rat","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib88","first-page":"5297","article-title":"[Effect of zhishi xiebai guizhi decoction on phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension]","volume":"49","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.07.152","article-title":"LncRNA snaR upregulates GRB2-associated binding protein 2 and promotes proliferation of ovarian carcinoma cells","volume":"503","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01887-2018","article-title":"Pathology and pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension: state of the art and research perspectives","volume":"53","author":"Humbert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac237","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Humbert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14079","article-title":"TNF\u03b1 drives pulmonary arterial hypertension by suppressing the BMP type-II receptor and altering NOTCH signalling","volume":"8","author":"Hurst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108612","article-title":"Luteolin, a flavonoid, as an anticancer agent: a review","volume":"112","author":"Imran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10028","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c00096","article-title":"Monodemethylated metabolites of orally administered nobiletin: identification and quantitation in rat plasma and tissues","volume":"71","author":"Iwashita","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108438","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular fibrosis in pulmonary hypertension - the role of the extracellular matrix as a therapeutic target","volume":"247","author":"Jandl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12432","article-title":"Synergistic effect of melatonin and ghrelin in preventing cisplatin-induced ovarian damage via regulation of FOXO3a phosphorylation and binding to the p27(Kip1) promoter in primordial follicles","volume":"63","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154329","article-title":"Luteolin ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension via regulating HIF-2\u03b1-Arg-NO axis and PI3K-AKT-eNOS-NO signaling pathway","volume":"104","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S439686","article-title":"Hydroxy-Safflower yellow A mitigates vascular remodeling in Rat pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3229888","article-title":"Shufeiya recipe improves monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats by regulating SIRT3\/FOXO3a and its downstream signaling pathways","volume":"2022","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e23076","article-title":"Baicalin attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling by inhibiting calpain-1 mediated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113954","article-title":"Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) nees and its major constituent andrographolide as potential antiviral agents","volume":"272","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1206452","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of programmed cell death in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2020.4813","article-title":"Astragaloside IV blocks monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by improving inflammation and pulmonary artery remodeling","volume":"47","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122478","article-title":"Role of FOXO3a transcription factor in the regulation of liver oxidative injury","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4161","article-title":"The two faces of Hippo: targeting the Hippo pathway for regenerative medicine and cancer treatment","volume":"13","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10259","article-title":"Inhibition of VEGF receptors causes lung cell apoptosis and emphysema","volume":"106","author":"Kasahara","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020320","article-title":"Regulation of Nrf2 by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology and pathology","volume":"10","author":"Kasai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133328","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: an overview of mechanisms of activation and regulation","volume":"20","author":"Kelley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280572","article-title":"Regulation of glycolysis by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF): implications for cellular physiology","volume":"599","author":"Kierans","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201902-0390LE","article-title":"Severe Emphysema in the SU5416\/Hypoxia rat model of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"200","author":"Kojonazarov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910431","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 and TGF\u03b2-Major regulators of metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis in the lungs and kidneys","volume":"22","author":"K\u00f6k\u00e9ny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201510-2003OC","article-title":"HIPPO-Integrin-linked kinase cross-talk controls self-sustaining proliferation and survival in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"194","author":"Kudryashova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9010057","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension: cause or consequence?","volume":"9","author":"Kurakula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103162","article-title":"Ion channels in pulmonary hypertension: a therapeutic interest?","volume":"19","author":"Lambert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31749","article-title":"Cordycepin ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway","volume":"74","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2005-0004OC","article-title":"Heterotrimeric G proteins and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta contribute to hypoxic proliferation of smooth muscle cells","volume":"33","author":"Lann\u00e9r","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155376","article-title":"Salidroside protects pulmonary artery endothelial cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis via the AhR\/NF-\u03baB and Nrf2\/HO-1 pathways","volume":"128","author":"Lei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-01915-9","article-title":"Dehydrodiisoeugenol inhibits colorectal cancer growth by endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagic pathways","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154171","article-title":"Astragaloside IV ameliorates pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by restraining the T follicular helper cell response and expanding T follicular regulatory cell response","volume":"102","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-21-360","article-title":"Celastrol attenuates the remodeling of pulmonary vascular and right ventricular in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156030","article-title":"\u03b2-sitosterol alleviates pulmonary arterial hypertension by altering smooth muscle cell phenotype and DNA damage\/cGAS\/STING signaling","volume":"135","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02016-x","article-title":"Salidroside enhances NO bioavailability and modulates arginine metabolism to alleviate pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23583","article-title":"Matrine alleviates hypoxia-induced inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodelling via RPS5\/NF-\u03baB signalling pathway","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-5889","article-title":"Total flavones from Sceptridium ternatum alleviate pulmonary hypertension through inhibiting the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114387","article-title":"Research progress on pharmacokinetics, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of kaempferol","volume":"152","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2023.12947","article-title":"Shikonin improves pulmonary vascular remodeling in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via regulation of PKM2","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113682","article-title":"Matrine: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, clinical application and preparation researches","volume":"269","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"64","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107543","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22504","article-title":"miR-564 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion by targeting the GRB2-ERK1\/2-AKT axis","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5923","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-24-471","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of herbal formulas for adults with pulmonary hypertension combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis involving 1,865 participants","volume":"16","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X24500678","article-title":"Osthole, a coumarin from cnidium monnieri: a review on its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and innovative drug delivery platforms","volume":"52","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib131","article-title":"Mechanisms of cordycepin in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats based on metabonomics and transcriptomics","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2020.118360","article-title":"A rapid analysis method of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) using combination of computer vision and near-infrared","volume":"236","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000138952.16382.ad","article-title":"Chronic hypoxia-induced upregulation of store-operated and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: a novel mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"95","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L370","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00349.2011","article-title":"Activation of calpains mediates early lung neutrophilic inflammation in ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"302","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S444605","article-title":"Forsythoside B mitigates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via blocking the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway to attenuate vascular remodeling","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00762-6","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling: function, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib137","article-title":"Glycyrrhiza glabra extract as a skin-whitening agent: identification of active components and CRTC1\/MITF pathway-inhibition mechanism","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02998-6","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT pathway as a key link modulates the multidrug resistance of cancers","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib139","first-page":"643","article-title":"[The Effects of Ginsenoside Compound K on PDGF-BB-Induced PASMCs Proliferation and Phenotypic Conversion of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells]","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-501","article-title":"A narrative review of the pharmacology of ginsenoside compound K","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05291-3","article-title":"Otud6b induces pulmonary arterial hypertension by mediating the Calpain-1\/HIF-1\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"81","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17681","article-title":"Astragaloside IV improves pulmonary arterial hypertension by increasing the expression of CCN1 and activating the ERK1\/2 pathway","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104795","article-title":"Nose to brain drug delivery - a promising strategy for active components from herbal medicine for treating cerebral ischemia reperfusion","volume":"159","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.12.007","article-title":"Celastrol induces ferroptosis in activated HSCs to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis via targeting peroxiredoxins and HO-1","volume":"12","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib145","first-page":"4099","article-title":"Enhanced absorption of hydroxysafflor yellow A using a self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"7","author":"Lv","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4833","article-title":"The role of genetics in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"241","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-2044-4","article-title":"AKT\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling in glioblastoma","volume":"42","author":"Majewska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1350699","article-title":"Characterization of in vitro ADME properties of diosgenin and dioscin from Dioscorea villosa","volume":"79","author":"Manda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib149","first-page":"750","article-title":"Research progress on the mechanism of phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells induced by hypoxia","volume":"51","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L609","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00531.2016","article-title":"Central role of T helper 17 cells in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension","volume":"312","author":"Maston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00486-7","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Mocumbi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107835","article-title":"Potassium (K(+)) channels in the pulmonary vasculature: implications in pulmonary hypertension physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological regulation","volume":"225","author":"Mond\u00e9jar-Parre\u00f1o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11114771","article-title":"Identification of compounds in the essential oil of nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans houtt.) that inhibit locomotor activity in mice","volume":"11","author":"Muchtaridi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103630","article-title":"FAK family kinases in vascular diseases","volume":"21","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9650650","article-title":"The mechanism of volatile oil of Rhodiola tangutica against hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats based on RAS pathway","volume":"2022","author":"Nan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds073","article-title":"BMPR-II deficiency elicits pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic responses through the activation of TGF\u03b2-TAK1-MAPK pathways in PAH","volume":"21","author":"Nasim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.06.003","article-title":"DGAT1-Dependent lipid droplet biogenesis protects mitochondrial function during starvation-induced autophagy","volume":"42","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11121801","article-title":"Andrographolide Attenuates established pulmonary hypertension via rescue of vascular remodeling","volume":"11","author":"Nie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.175546","article-title":"Curcumol suppresses endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via inhibiting the AKT\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling pathway and alleviates pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats","volume":"943","author":"Nie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1165\/2008-0145OC","article-title":"The role of NADPH oxidase in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice","volume":"40","author":"Nisbet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153840","article-title":"Osthole alleviates pulmonary vascular remodeling by modulating microRNA-22-3p mediated lipid metabolic reprogramming","volume":"96","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047626","article-title":"Identification of long noncoding RNA H19 as a new biomarker and therapeutic target in right ventricular failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"142","author":"Omura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1551368","article-title":"Paeoniflorin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity in diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Ou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI123959","article-title":"Loss of the sphingolipid desaturase DEGS1 causes hypomyelinating leukodystrophy","volume":"129","author":"Pant","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.963314","article-title":"Signal transducers and activators of transcription-3\/pim1 axis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of human pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"123","author":"Paulin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.4161\/jkst.22366","article-title":"STAT3 signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Paulin","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAK-STAT"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16081055","article-title":"Enhancing oral bioavailability and brain biodistribution of perillyl alcohol using nanostructured lipid carriers","volume":"16","author":"Peczek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.14178","article-title":"Why do plants produce so many terpenoid compounds?","volume":"220","author":"Pichersky","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102797","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming, oxidative stress, and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"64","author":"Pokharel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0793","article-title":"Inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"141","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.301141","article-title":"Inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"115","author":"Rabinovitch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2024.03.001","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension mice through the calpain-1\/STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"48","author":"Ran","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008750","article-title":"Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"131","author":"Ranchoux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2024.111064","article-title":"A water-soluble preparation for intravenous administration of isorhamnetin and its pharmacokinetics in rats","volume":"396","author":"Rassu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib175","first-page":"120","article-title":"Rhodiola crenulata extract decreases fatty acid oxidation and autophagy to ameliorate pulmonary arterial hypertension by targeting inhibiton of acylcarnitine in rats","volume":"19","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0642-1966","article-title":"Safety and toxicology of Magnolol and honokiol","volume":"84","author":"Sarrica","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/10937409809524557","article-title":"Chronic pulmonary hypertension--the monocrotaline model and involvement of the hemostatic system","volume":"1","author":"Schultze","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B Crit. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X22500082","article-title":"Effects of crocin on CCL2\/CCR2 inflammatory pathway in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension rats","volume":"50","author":"Sheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8066","article-title":"Luteolin, a flavone ingredient: anticancer mechanisms, combined medication strategy, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, and pharmaceutical researches","volume":"38","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19857","article-title":"Targeting endothelial ENO1 (Alpha-Enolase) -PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis alleviates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"80","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050911","article-title":"Impacts of oxidative stress and PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR on metabolism and the future direction of investigating fucoidan-modulated metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Shiau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711020205","article-title":"Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease in rats after prolonged feeding with Crotalaria spectabilis seeds","volume":"102","author":"Smith","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10695","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01424F","article-title":"Targeted metabolomics combined with network pharmacology to reveal the protective role of luteolin in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib184","first-page":"650","article-title":"[Effects of panax notoginseng saponins on pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with pulmonary hypertension and its mechanisms]","volume":"38","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0242-x","article-title":"Molecular genetic framework underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Southgate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2261","article-title":"Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling in human pulmonary vascular development","volume":"214","author":"Southwood","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3600","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65592","article-title":"FK506 activates BMPR2, rescues endothelial dysfunction, and reverses pulmonary hypertension","volume":"123","author":"Spiekerkoetter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201201-0164OC","article-title":"Modern age pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"186","author":"Stacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000243584.45145.3f","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling: cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"99","author":"Stenmark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1013","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00217.2009","article-title":"Animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension: the hope for etiological discovery and pharmacological cure","volume":"297","author":"Stenmark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2011.tb00317.x","article-title":"The adventitia: essential role in pulmonary vascular remodeling","volume":"1","author":"Stenmark","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106419","article-title":"Flavonoids regulate tumor-associated macrophages - from structure-activity relationship to clinical potential","volume":"184","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15671","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates inflammatory response mediated by NLRP-3\/calpain-1 is involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156206","article-title":"Salidroside ameliorates hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by regulating the two-pore domain potassium TASK-1 channel","volume":"135","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2016.04.003","article-title":"Exploring the molecular targets of dietary flavonoid fisetin in cancer","volume":"40\u201341","author":"Syed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2011.tb00329.x","article-title":"Smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, proliferation, migration and apoptosis in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"1","author":"Tajsic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5538","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19055538","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, excretion and plasma protein binding studies of wogonin in rats","volume":"19","author":"Talbi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.236927","article-title":"Regulatory T cells limit vascular endothelial injury and prevent pulmonary hypertension","volume":"109","author":"Tamosiuniene","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib199","article-title":"c-Myc Drives inflammation of the maternal-fetal interface, and neonatal lung remodeling induced by intra-amniotic inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO03478B","article-title":"Heteroconjugates of quercetin with 4'-O-sulfate selectively accumulate in rat plasma due to limited urinary excretion","volume":"13","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114920","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation by regulating CCN1","volume":"164","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0343com","article-title":"Inhibition of the VEGF receptor 2 combined with chronic hypoxia causes cell death-dependent pulmonary endothelial cell proliferation and severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Taraseviciene-Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib203","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension: pathogenesis and clinical management","volume":"360","author":"Thenappan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-500-2_18","article-title":"Notch signaling in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"661","author":"Thistlethwaite","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114882","article-title":"Celastrol as an emerging anticancer agent: current status, challenges and therapeutic strategies","volume":"163","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib206","article-title":"Therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds against respiratory diseases: traditional Chinese medicine theory and high-frequency use","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4103\/0304-4920.354801","article-title":"18\u03b2-Glycyrrhetinic acid ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension through PERK\/eIF2\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib208","article-title":"Dan-Shen-Yin granules prevent hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension via STAT3\/HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF and FAK\/AKT signaling pathways","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110227","article-title":"A review on pharmacokinetics of sinomenine and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects","volume":"119","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106951","article-title":"Echinacoside: a promising active natural products and pharmacological agents","volume":"197","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176786","article-title":"Mechanistic investigation of wogonin in delaying the progression of endothelial mesenchymal transition by targeting the TGF-\u03b21 pathway in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"978","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E343","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115635109","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-Dependent checkpoint in the survival of dendritic cells promotes immune homeostasis and function","volume":"109","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib213","first-page":"209","article-title":"[Mechanism of L-perilla alcohol in intervening hypoxic pulmonary hypertension based on network pharmacology and experimental verification]","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11484","article-title":"Pharmacological profiles and therapeutic applications of pachymic acid","volume":"24","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117580","article-title":"Pharmacological potential of natural medicine Astragali Radix in treating intestinal diseases","volume":"180","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119317","article-title":"The pharmacological efficacy of baicalin in inflammatory diseases","volume":"24","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI141467","article-title":"Endothelial FGF signaling is protective in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension","volume":"131","author":"Woo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13738","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms150813738","article-title":"BMP4 protects rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from apoptosis by PI3K\/AKT\/Smad1\/5\/8 signaling","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107571","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1: a bioactive therapeutic agent for diverse liver diseases","volume":"212","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110308","article-title":"Polydatin for treating atherosclerotic diseases: a functional and mechanistic overview","volume":"128","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.114969","article-title":"System pharmacology analysis to decipher the effect and mechanism of active ingredients combination from herb couple on rheumatoid arthritis in rats","volume":"288","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib222","article-title":"Naringin ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension through endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition inhibition","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02660-9","article-title":"Astragaloside IV restrains pyroptosis and fibrotic development of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells to ameliorate pulmonary artery hypertension through the PHD2\/HIF1\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"23","author":"Xi","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894018784033","article-title":"Natural plant products in treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Xiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pulm. Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.977921","article-title":"Evaluating the therapeutic role of selected active compounds in plumula nelumbinis on pulmonary hypertension via network pharmacology and experimental analysis","volume":"13","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113060","article-title":"Magnolol alleviates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling through inhibition of phenotypic transformation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells","volume":"150","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.09.028","article-title":"Quercetin and kaempferol increase the intestinal absorption of isorhamnetin coexisting in Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (Elaeagnaceae) extracts via regulating multidrug resistance-associated protein 2","volume":"53","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2024.117212","article-title":"Dehydrodiisoeugenol inhibits PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via the mTOR\/HIF1-\u03b1\/HK2 signaling pathway","volume":"495","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.09.008","article-title":"Sphingolipid modulation activates proteostasis programs to govern human hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6319","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-04027-y","article-title":"Astragaloside IV in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: an in vivo and in vitro experiments","volume":"194","author":"XinTian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040496","article-title":"MicroRNAs in pulmonary hypertension, from pathogenesis to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-031620-123956","article-title":"Metabolism in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"83","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110984","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of berberine on metabolic diseases: both pharmacological data and clinical evidence","volume":"133","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.09.040","article-title":"The effect of JAK2 knockout on inhibition of liver tumor growth by inducing apoptosis, autophagy and anti-proliferation via STATs and PI3K\/AKT signaling pathways","volume":"84","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.703","article-title":"Protective effect of baicalin against pulmonary arterial hypertension vascular remodeling through regulation of TNF-\u03b1 signaling pathway","volume":"9","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116544","article-title":"A modified fangji Huangqi decoction ameliorates pulmonary artery hypertension via phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases\/protein kinase B-mediated regulation of proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"314","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00023.2017","article-title":"The KEAP1-NRF2 System: a thiol-based sensor-effector apparatus for maintaining redox homeostasis","volume":"98","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153770","article-title":"Syringa microphylla diels: a comprehensive review of its phytochemical, pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characteristics and an investigation into its potential health benefits","volume":"93","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13447","article-title":"Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal \u0251-lipoic acid-regulated cell proliferation via Grb2-mediated signalling in hepatic cancer cells","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.713490","article-title":"Untargeted metabolomics and targeted quantitative analysis of temporal and spatial variations in specialized metabolites accumulation in poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Fushen)","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2021.114342","article-title":"Protection function of 18\u03b2-glycyrrhetinic acid on rats with high-altitude pulmonary hypertension based on (1)H NMR metabonomics technology","volume":"631","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111056","article-title":"Protective effects of dioscin on vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension via adjusting GRB2\/ERK\/PI3K-AKT signal","volume":"133","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1036732","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and plasma protein binding rate of curcumol in rats using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib244","article-title":"Astragaloside IV attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling via the notch signaling pathway","volume":"23","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2022.114662","article-title":"Integrated metabolomics and mechanism to reveal the protective effect of kaempferol on pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"212","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01616-1","article-title":"Emodin inhibits viability, proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via targeting miR-244-5p\/DEGS1 axis","volume":"21","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pulm. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgad045","article-title":"Nobiletin attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension through PI3K\/Akt\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"75","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1017192","article-title":"The role of STAT3 in autophagy","volume":"11","author":"You","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.044","article-title":"Hippo pathway in organ size control, tissue homeostasis, and cancer","volume":"163","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00312-6","article-title":"Targeting NF-\u03baB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.69289","article-title":"Paeoniflorin attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by suppressing TAK1-MAPK\/NF-\u03baB pathways","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7324","article-title":"Andrographolide: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches","volume":"36","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib253","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of curcumin and Curcuma longa extract in the treatment of arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib254","first-page":"3857","article-title":"[Effect of 2-phenylethyl-beta-glucopyranoside isolated from Huaizhong no. 1 Rehmannia glutinosa on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by regulating PI3K\/Akt\/m TOR\/HIF-1\u03b1 pathway]","volume":"49","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2025.107467","article-title":"Role of Xuefu zhuyu decoction in improving pulmonary vascular remodeling by inhibiting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"158","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12419","article-title":"Melatonin ameliorates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through SIRT3-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis","volume":"63","author":"Zhai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2019.08.002","article-title":"Astragaloside IV derived from astragalus membranaceus: a research review on the pharmacological effects","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8229","article-title":"Saponin monomers: potential candidates for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib259","article-title":"Review of the therapeutic potential of forsythiae fructus on the central nervous system: active ingredients and mechanisms of action","volume":"319","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155826","article-title":"Molecular pharmacology and therapeutic advances of monoterpene perillyl alcohol","volume":"132","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107452","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of paeony","volume":"207","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10709","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04425","article-title":"Comparative analyses of bioavailability, biotransformation, and excretion of nobiletin in lean and Obese rats","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib263","first-page":"1606","article-title":"[Quercetin improves pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by regulating the HMGB1\/RAGE\/NF-\u03baB pathway]","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114734","article-title":"Pretreatment with the active fraction of Rhodiola tangutica (Maxim.) S.H. Fu rescues hypoxia-induced potassium channel inhibition in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"283","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2024.10.002","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 improves hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction through TXNIP\/NLRP3 pathway-modulated mitophagy","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Ginseng Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib266","first-page":"503","article-title":"[Panax notoginseng saponins improve monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by inhibiting ADAM10\/Notch3 signaling pathway]","volume":"75","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2604967","article-title":"Pirfenidone inhibits hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through the NADPH\/ROS\/p38 pathway in adventitial fibroblasts in the pulmonary artery","volume":"2020","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib268","first-page":"718","article-title":"[Tanshinone IIA alleviates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats through the PI3K\/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway]","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2023.116478","article-title":"Kaempferol ameliorates pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension rats via regulating Akt-GSK3\u03b2-cyclin axis","volume":"466","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.098","article-title":"A membrane Potential- and calpain-dependent reversal of Caspase-1 inhibition regulates canonical NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155840","article-title":"Luteolin ameliorates hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling in rat via upregulating K(V)1.5 of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"132","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7864976","article-title":"Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis of shufeiya recipe in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"2022","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2024-1044","article-title":"Echinacoside inhibits PASMCs calcium overload to prevent hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by regulating TRPC1\/4\/6 and calmodulin","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-023-10091-w","article-title":"\u03b2-Sitosterol alleviates neuropathic pain by affect microglia polarization through inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162596","article-title":"The role of SIRT3 in exercise and aging","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8217","article-title":"Luteolin: a promising multifunctional natural flavonoid for human diseases","volume":"38","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1018438","article-title":"Baiying qingmai formulation ameliorates thromboangiitis obliterans by inhibiting HMGB1\/RAGE\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"13","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545_bib278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.663551","article-title":"Luteolin ameliorates experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension via suppressing Hippo-YAP\/PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Zuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037887412600396X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S037887412600396X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T16:28:53Z","timestamp":1776184133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S037887412600396X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":278,"alternative-id":["S037887412600396X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Insight of traditional Chinese medicine in treating pulmonary hypertension: Achievements from 2021 to 2025","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121545","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121545"}}