{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:30:01Z","timestamp":1778754601607,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020207","name":"Health Commission of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24QNMP011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24QNMP011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008402","name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QJRC2022027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QJRC2022027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008402","name":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LH202402057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH202402057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202308510149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202308510149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T09:01:05Z","timestamp":1775898065000},"page":"121610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology to elucidate the bioactive constituents and pharmacological mechanisms of Simiao Yong'an decoction in amelioration of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus via PI3K\/AKT pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"367","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuyu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaomei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5768-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1287793","article-title":"Mechanisms of p-methoxycinnamic acid-induced increase in insulin secretion","volume":"43","author":"Adisakwattana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.04.073","article-title":"Mechanisms of antihyperglycemic effect of p-methoxycinnamic acid in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"78","author":"Adisakwattana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05720-7","article-title":"Achievements, prospects and challenges in precision care for monogenic insulin-deficient and insulin-resistant diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Bonnefond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c00071","article-title":"Negative SPR signals during low molecular weight analyte recognition","volume":"93","author":"Bonnet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c05900","article-title":"Phenolic constituents from black quinoa alleviate insulin resistance in HepG2 cells via regulating IRS1\/PI3K\/Akt\/GLUTs signaling pathways","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2017.01.005","article-title":"AMPK signalling in health and disease","volume":"45","author":"Carling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0126-x","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications","volume":"50","author":"Chelakkot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib8","first-page":"72","article-title":"Determination of chemical constituents in Scrophularia ningpoensis by UPLC -Triple TOF-MS","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Guangxi J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155382","article-title":"Artesunate improves glucose and lipid metabolism in db\/db mice by regulating the metabolic profile and the MAPK\/PI3K\/Akt signalling pathway","volume":"126","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib10","first-page":"998","article-title":"Study on the protective effects of Zizyphus Jujuba fruit extract, strychnine, and their combination interventions on the AGEs-RAGE pathway against diabetic testicular lesions","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Pharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.06.077","article-title":"Structural characterization and antidiabetic potential of a novel heteropolysaccharide from Grifola frondosa via IRS1\/PI3K-JNK signaling pathways","volume":"198","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5957","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b01253","article-title":"d- chiro-Inositol ameliorates high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance via PKC\u03b5-PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"67","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib13","first-page":"933","article-title":"Absorbed constituents in rat serum after oral administration of water extract of Simiao Yong\u2019an decoction","volume":"39","author":"Chi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Beijing Univ. Tradition. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2021.06.002","article-title":"Arsenic disrupts neuronal insulin signaling through increasing free PI3K-p85 and decreasing PI3K activity","volume":"349","author":"Churaibhon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib15","first-page":"938","article-title":"Improvement effect of rubus root polysaccharide on pancreatic mitochondrial function in type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"48","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Jilin University (Medicine Edition)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib16","first-page":"1374","article-title":"Progress of berberine for treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nexus.2024.100351","article-title":"Interaction of molecular mechanisms of plant-derived metabolites in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network pharmacology, docking and molecular dynamics approach on AKT1 kinase","volume":"17","author":"Gayathiri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Nexus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib18","first-page":"32","article-title":"Research progress on traditional Chinese medicine improving hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes via the PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"46","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Shanxi Univ. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib19","first-page":"136","article-title":"Clinical observation of addition and subtraction of simiao yongan decoction on myocardial ischemia of patients with cardiac blood stasis type of chronic stable angina pectoris","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Modern Drug Appl."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib20","first-page":"553","article-title":"A preliminary exploration of the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes from the perspective of \u201cHeat-Toxin\u201d theory","volume":"25","author":"Han","year":"2010","journal-title":"Guangming J. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib21","first-page":"3280","article-title":"Mechanism of yupingfeng powder on hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats by regulating IRS\/PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"49","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib22","series-title":"Study on Chemical Components of Danggui BuxueDecoction Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined withDiagnostic Ions and Molecular Network Strategies","author":"Hu","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11947","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.2009322","article-title":"Improvement of intestinal barrier function, gut microbiota, and metabolic endotoxemia in type 2 diabetes rats by curcumin","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.27173","article-title":"The PI3K\/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.27173","article-title":"The PI3K\/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib26","first-page":"5405","article-title":"Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine improving insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes mellitus by PI3K\/Akt signal pathway","volume":"36","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"China J. Trad. Chin. Med. Pharm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib27","first-page":"413","article-title":"Clinical experience with modified simiao yong'an decoction in treating hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"17","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Basic Chin. Med."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40354","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c11468","article-title":"Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids ameliorate insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus via the PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"13","author":"Jing","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib29","first-page":"2109","article-title":"Analysis of chemical constituents in classical prescription danggui buxue decoctionbased on RP-Q-TOF-MS and HILIC-Q-TOF-MS","volume":"47","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1282077","article-title":"Elucidating the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of yuquan pill in T2DM rats through comprehensive multi-omics analyses","volume":"14","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib31","first-page":"51","article-title":"Comparative drug-drug interactions of berberine and astragaloside IV in normal and type 2 diabetes mellitus rats based on UPLC-QqQ-MS\/MS","volume":"4","author":"Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Mater. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib32","first-page":"151","article-title":"Research progress on traditional Chinese medicine treatment for insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes via the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib33","series-title":"Study on the Chemical Composition of Chaigui Granules and its in Vivo Process","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib34","first-page":"334","article-title":"Clinical application of berberine in the treatment of diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Guide China Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib35","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes recorded in mainland China using 2018 diagnostic criteria from the American diabetes association: national cross sectional study","volume":"369","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib36","first-page":"1116","article-title":"Observation of chemical constituents and molecular mechanism of Yinhuaganmao granules based onultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and networkpharmacology","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib37","first-page":"89","article-title":"Heat-clearing detoxifying method and inflammation factors in type 2 diabetes interwention study","volume":"37","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Shaanxi J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib38","article-title":"Effects of hemicellulose on intestinal mucosal barrier integrity, gut microbiota, and metabolomics in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155903","article-title":"Efficacy and mechanism of the ermiao san series of formulas for rheumatoid arthritis based on Chinmedomics strategy","volume":"132","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib40","first-page":"2629","article-title":"Formation and development of theoryand methods of chinmedomics","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.04.044","article-title":"Comparisons of pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profile of four major bioactive components after oral administration of Xiang-Fu-Si-Wu decoction effective fraction in normal and dysmenorrheal symptom rats","volume":"154","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib42","first-page":"220","article-title":"Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in treating diabetes mellitus based on PI3K\/Akt pathway","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib43","first-page":"935","article-title":"Research progress on the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Beijing J. Tradition. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156419","article-title":"Screening effective-component compatibility from Jinshui Chenfei formula for silicosis treatment by serum-pharmacochemistry and feedback system control","volume":"138","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib45","first-page":"258","article-title":"Study of Gegen Qinlian Decoction on Type 2 Diabetes in Rats and the Dose-effect Relationship","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib46","first-page":"99","article-title":"Observation on the efficacy of Simiao Yong'an decoction in treating vascular occlusive vasculitis","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese J. Clin. Ration. Drug Use"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118713","article-title":"Metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry combined with network pharmacology uncover the potential effective ingredients and mechanisms of Yin-Chen-Si-Ni decoction treating ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury","volume":"335","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib48","series-title":"Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: Diagnosis and Treatment in Chinese and Western Medicine","author":"Lv","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib49","first-page":"1120","article-title":"Study on identification of compounds and their fragmentation pathways in licorice by HPLC-MSn","volume":"33","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"China J. Trad. Chin. Med. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.01.013","article-title":"Formononetin attenuates kidney damage in type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"219","author":"Oza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib51","first-page":"818","article-title":"Observation of 40 cases of lower extremity arteriosclerotic plaques in type 2 diabetes treated with modified Simiao Yong'an decoction","volume":"51","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhejiang J. Tradition. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib52","first-page":"4","article-title":"New diagnostic criteria and classification for diabetes","author":"Qian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chin. J. Diabetes"},{"issue":"7418","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11450","article-title":"A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes","volume":"490","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216657445","article-title":"Formononetin exhibits anti-hyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice","volume":"242","author":"Qiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.02.004","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic comparison of seven major bio-active components in normal and blood deficiency rats after oral administration of Danggui Buxue decoction by UPLC-TQ\/MS","volume":"153","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-11-0022","article-title":"Signalling by insulin and IGF receptors: supporting acts and new players","volume":"47","author":"Siddle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib57","first-page":"2658","article-title":"Identification of chemical constituents in Simiao Yong'an decoction based on UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS","volume":"47","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib58","first-page":"349","article-title":"New perspectives on diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"06","author":"Tong","year":"2006","journal-title":"China J. Tradition. Chin. Med. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib59","first-page":"99","article-title":"Effect of the duration of high-fat diet and the dosage of streptozotocin on establishing experimental animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hyg. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8044","article-title":"Licochalcone A alleviates abnormal glucolipid metabolism and restores energy homeostasis in diet-induced diabetic mice","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother Res. : PTR"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib61","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improvement of formononetin on cognitive dysfunction in diabetic mice","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chinese J. Clin. Ration. Drug Use"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib62","first-page":"665","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of eight active components in Astragali radix and Glycyrrhizae radix by UPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Harbin Univ. Comm.(Natural Sciences Edition)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib63","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Identification of chemical constituents in Scrophulariae radix by HPLC-IT-TOF-MS","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib64","first-page":"313","article-title":"Research progress on the role of the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in insulin resistance","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib65","first-page":"29","article-title":"Serum pharmacokinetic study of Liuwei Dihuang pills","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib66","first-page":"377","article-title":"Application of drug-target prediction technology in network pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib67","article-title":"Study on mechanism of Dihuang Yinzi(uk) regulating insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism in retina of Db\/Db mice through PI3K\/Akt and MAPK signal pathway","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Archive. Tradition. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118739","article-title":"Integration of network pharmacology and experimental verification to reveal the active components and molecular mechanism of modified Danzhi Xiaoyao San in the treatment of depression","volume":"336","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib69","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Compound traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib70","first-page":"73","article-title":"6-Shogoal improves insulin resistance in the liver of aged rats","volume":"37","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Clin. Chin. Materia Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib71","series-title":"Research on Effectiveness and Material Basis of Formulacompatibility of Huanglian Bolus","author":"Xia","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib72","first-page":"30","article-title":"Comparison for pharmacokinetics of osthole contained in antifebrile complex YL2000 between normal and febrile rats","author":"Xing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib73","first-page":"97","article-title":"Advances in the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine by network pharma-cology method","volume":"36","author":"Xing","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119937","article-title":"Gan-tang-yi decoction improves hepatic insulin resistance through activation of IRS2\/PI3K\/Akt pathway and inhibition of AGEs\/RAGE pathway in cirrhotic rats","volume":"349","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib75","first-page":"3291","article-title":"Molecular mechanism underlying the effects of licochalcone A on abnormal gluconeogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib76","first-page":"3406","article-title":"Progress of serum pharmacochemistry of traditional Chinese medicine and further development of its theory and method","volume":"40","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib77","series-title":"The 17th National Congress of Pediatrics of the Chinese Medical Association","first-page":"2","article-title":"alpha-Lipoic acid protects 3T3-L1 adipocytes from NYGGF4(PID1)overexpression-induced insulin resistance through increasing phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt","author":"Yang","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2008.00218.x","article-title":"Insulin-secretagogue activity of p-methoxycinnamic acid in rats, perfused rat pancreas and pancreatic beta-cell line","volume":"102","author":"Yibchok-anun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib79","article-title":"A new approach for treating AD: Guifu Dihuang Pills improves brain insulin resistance by promoting NrCAM to activate the EGFR\/PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib80","first-page":"569","article-title":"Chinmedomics: a new strategy for research of traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib81","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib82","series-title":"Chemical Studies on the Water Extract of Simiao YongAnTang","author":"Zhang","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib83","first-page":"579","article-title":"Rapid identification of phthalides and organic acids in Angelica sinensis based on UPLC-Q-TOF\/MS","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117931","article-title":"Activation of NRF2 by epiberberine improves oxidative stress and insulin resistance in T2DM mice and IR-HepG2 cells in an AMPK dependent manner","volume":"327","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib85","first-page":"3109","article-title":"Optimization of decocting process of Simiao Yong'an Decoction by Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib86","first-page":"3326","article-title":"Effects and mechanism of formononetin on oxidative damage in the kidneys of rats with diabetic nephropathy","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Pat. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib87","first-page":"581","article-title":"The concept of \u201cTurbidity\u201d in traditional Chinese medicine and its clinical significance","volume":"50","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib88","first-page":"10","article-title":"Review of TCM treatment for diabetes and its complications","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108418","article-title":"Elevated levels of circulating short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in type 2 diabetes are linked to gut barrier disruption and disordered gut microbiota","volume":"169","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib90","series-title":"Study on Formulation Process and Quality Control of Jiezi Kechuan Patch","author":"Zhao","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib91","first-page":"79","article-title":"Effect of simlao yong'an decoction on the expression of Wnt\/B-catenin signaling pathway in dlabetic ulcer model rats","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integrated Tradit. West Med."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib92","first-page":"82","article-title":"Multiple indicator quantitative fingerprint of Lonicerae Japonicae flos from Shandong Province based on RRLC-DAD-ESI-Q-TOF-MS","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Exp. Tradit. Med. Formulae"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib93","first-page":"1356","article-title":"Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of liver insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jilin J. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610_bib94","first-page":"2824","article-title":"Four marvels courage and peace decoction combined with shengmai decoction in the treatment of 120 cases of coronary heart disease","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Li-shizhen Tradition. Chin."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126004617?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126004617?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T09:57:40Z","timestamp":1778752660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874126004617"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S0378874126004617"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology to elucidate the bioactive constituents and pharmacological mechanisms of Simiao Yong'an decoction in amelioration of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus via PI3K\/AKT pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121610","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121610"}}