{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:09:28Z","timestamp":1790726968112,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82341238"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82341238"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:26:43Z","timestamp":1777930003000},"page":"121805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative pharmacodynamic material basis of oral and colonic administration of Baitouweng decoction in experimental ulcerative colitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"368","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuran","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3236-0145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.770017","article-title":"Refining a protocol for faecal microbiota engraftment in animal models after successful antibiotic-induced gut decontamination","volume":"9","author":"Amorim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328853","article-title":"Disentangling tryptophan metabolism in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"72","author":"Becker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib3","first-page":"207","article-title":"Tyr192 regulates lymphocyte-specific tyrosine kinase activity in T cells","volume":"4","author":"Borowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol.: Off. J. Am. Assoc. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplant as treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"44","author":"Caballero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.\u202f: Off. Publ. Eur. Soc. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14010051","article-title":"Chick early amniotic fluid alleviates dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in mice via T-Cell receptor pathway","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12938","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation by washed preparation in patients with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib7","article-title":"Baitouweng decoction alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating intestinal microbiota and the IL-6\/STAT3 signaling pathway","volume":"265","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01280-1","article-title":"Polydopamine-encapsulated modified pulsatilla decoction: a strategy to enhance ulcerative colitis therapy","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.817600","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates acute ulcerative colitis by modulating gut microbiota and microbial tryptophan metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1177\/1096620X251383878","article-title":"Whole montmorency tart cherry smoothie improves disease activity index in rat model of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by downregulating the janus kinase 1 and Interleukin-17A","volume":"28","author":"Coronel","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06894","article-title":"Bifidobacterium bifidum ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating AHR\/NRF2\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways through indole-3-lactic acid production","volume":"71","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(25)00263-8","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: moving beyond the mucosal dogma","volume":"11","author":"Eggermont","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib13","article-title":"Modified Pulsatilla decoction ameliorates ulcerative colitis by affecting gut microbiota and metabolite profiles","volume":"16","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8757","DOI":"10.62347\/WZRR7919","article-title":"Regulation of ulcerative colitis progression by ferroptosis pathway genes: HSP90AA1, SNCA, TLR4, and PTGS2","volume":"17","author":"Gai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2015.4187","article-title":"Never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 6 and Aurora kinase A: new gene biomarkers in the conversion from ulcerative colitis to colorectal cancer","volume":"34","author":"Gerceker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2581445","article-title":"Cross-species engraftment biases and metabolic divergence in gnotobiotic mice humanized with ulcerative colitis microbiota","volume":"17","author":"Guggeis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib17","article-title":"Baitouweng decoction alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced ulcerative colitis by suppressing leucine-related mTORC1 signaling and reducing oxidative stress","volume":"304","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-025-01143-9","article-title":"Baitouweng decoction modulates gut microbial production of indole-3-propionic acid and epithelial necroptosis to alleviate DSS-Induced colitis in mice","volume":"20","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155515","article-title":"Effect of pulsatilla decoction on vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice. Evidences for its mechanisms of action","volume":"128","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"000","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib20","first-page":"12","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism and the intestinal microbiota: implications for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"300","author":"Hua","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12677\/tcm.2025.145288","article-title":"Research progress of Chinese and Western medicine in regulating intestinal flora to prevent ulcerative colitis","volume":"14","author":"Huo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000212","article-title":"Expression of hepatocyte growth factor and c-met in ulcerative colitis","volume":"49","author":"Kitamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0205-x","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"6","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.002","article-title":"Exploration of the therapeutic aspects of lck: a kinase target in inflammatory mediated pathological conditions","volume":"108","author":"Kumar Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib25","article-title":"Baitouweng decoction in the treatment of acute active stage of mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis","volume":"33","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib26","article-title":"Integrated analysis reveals the targets and mechanisms in immunosuppressive effect of mesalazine on ulcerative colitis","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105079","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of triterpenoid saponin anemoside B4 from Pulsatilla chinensis","volume":"160","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5446","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125446","article-title":"Inosine, AMP, and vidarabine: network pharmacology and LC-MS reveal key bioactive compounds in Periplaneta americana for ulcerative colitis management","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116215","article-title":"Pulsatilla chinensis saponins improve SCFAs regulating GPR43-NLRP3 signaling pathway in the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"308","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16435","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation through transendoscopic enteral tubing for inflammatory bowel disease: high acceptance and high satisfaction","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"000","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib31","article-title":"New Baitouweng decoction alleviated DSS-induced colitis through the FXR\/NLRP3 signaling pathway by regulating gut microbiota and bile acids","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107941","article-title":"Limosilactobacillus reuteri-butyrate axis in depression therapy: a key pathway discovered through a novel preclinical human flora-associated animal model","volume":"220","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.11.029","article-title":"Upadacitinib therapy reduces ulcerative colitis symptoms as early as day 1 of induction treatment","volume":"21","author":"Loftus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib34","article-title":"Eicosapentaenoic acid mitigates ulcerative colitis-induced by acetic acid through modulation of NF-\u03baB and TGF-\u03b2\/EGFR signaling pathways","author":"Mahdy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111587","article-title":"Tiron ameliorates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats: role of TGF-\u03b2\/EGFR\/PI3K\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"128","author":"Mahdy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.531117","article-title":"Baitouweng decoction ameliorates ulcerative colitis in mice partially attributed to regulating Th17\/Treg balance and restoring intestinal epithelial barrier","volume":"11","author":"Miao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib37","article-title":"Pulsatilla decoction improves DSS-induced colitis via modulation of fecal-bacteria-related short-chain fatty acids and intestinal barrier integrity","volume":"300","author":"Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"9853","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60150-0","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"380","author":"Ord\u00e1s","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"PA","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib39","article-title":"Baitouweng decoction repairs the intestinal barrier in DSS-induced colitis mice via regulation of AMPK\/mTOR-mediated autophagy","volume":"318","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0473-2","article-title":"Of men in mice: the development and application of a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model for microbiome therapeutics","volume":"52","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib41","first-page":"12","article-title":"Indole-3-acetic acid ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via the ERK signaling pathway","volume":"47","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Pharm. Res. (Seoul)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000666","article-title":"An update on the medical management of inflammatory pouch complications","volume":"115","author":"Quinn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Off. J. Am. Coll. Gastroenterol. | ACG"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2527863","article-title":"Deciphering the microbiome\u2013metabolome landscape of an inflammatory bowel disease inception cohort","volume":"17","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"10383","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00061-2","article-title":"Etrasimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (ELEVATE): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies","volume":"401","author":"Sandborn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib45","article-title":"Mechanism of Artemisia argyi Levl.et vant. aqueous extract in alleviating dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17878","article-title":"Screening of the shared pathogenic genes of ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis","volume":"28","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166929","article-title":"A novel causative role of imbalanced kynurenine pathway in ulcerative colitis: upregulation of KMO and KYNU promotes intestinal inflammation","volume":"1870","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8569","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i28.8569","article-title":"Association of hepatocyte-derived growth factor receptor\/caudal type homeobox 2 co-expression with mucosal regeneration in active ulcerative colitis","volume":"21","author":"Sipos","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib70","first-page":"50","article-title":"Molecular dynamic stability study of VEGF inhibitor in patients with bladder cancer","volume":"33","author":"Siregar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Inform. Med.\u202f: AIM\u202f: J. Soc. Med. Inform. Bosnia Herzeg.\u202f: cas. Drus. za med. inform. BiH"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa121","article-title":"Neutrophilic HGF-MET signalling exacerbates intestinal inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Stakenborg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0306-2","article-title":"Stable engraftment of human microbiota into mice with a single oral gavage following antibiotic conditioning","volume":"5","author":"Staley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib51","article-title":"Interactions between NAD metabolism and immune cell infiltration in ulcerative colitis: subtype identification and development of novel diagnostic models","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-329969","article-title":"Untargeted faecal metabolomics for the discovery of biomarkers and treatment targets for inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"73","author":"Vila","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut: J. Br. Soc. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.23814","article-title":"What is ulcerative colitis?","volume":"331","author":"voelker","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"PartA","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib54","article-title":"5-HT induces regulatory B cells in fighting against inflammation-driven ulcerative colitis","volume":"125","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21000","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c04933","article-title":"Kynurenine Attenuates ulcerative colitis mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12030780","article-title":"Colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing is a new pathway to microbial therapy, colonic drainage, and Host\u2013microbiota interaction research","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib57","first-page":"6","article-title":"Clinical effect of qingchang decoction on ulcerative colitis patients with heat excess and blood stasis syndrome and its effect on HGF\/c-MET expression","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Tradit. West. Med. Dig."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2022.12888","article-title":"Pulsatilla decoction alleviates colitis by enhancing autophagy and regulating PI3KAktmTORC1 signaling pathway","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17081077","article-title":"Effects of the N-Butanol extract of pulsatilla decoction on neutrophils in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848241301574","article-title":"Colonic transendoscopic enteral tubing is revolutionizing intestinal therapeutics, diagnosis, and microbiome research","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Therapeut. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.08.003","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: clinical biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and emerging treatments","volume":"45","author":"Wangchuk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202412234","article-title":"The gut microbiota\u2010xanthurenic acid\u2010aromatic hydrocarbon receptor axis mediates the anticolitic effects of trilobatin","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02164-y","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic significance of tryptophan metabolism and signaling in cancer","volume":"23","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01285-0","article-title":"Colonic transendoscopic tube-delivered enteral therapy (with video): a prospective study","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"000","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib65","first-page":"12","article-title":"5-HT-treated mouse B cells alleviate ulcerative colitis via RIPK1: insights from proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses","volume":"295","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06517","article-title":"Gut bacterial Indole-3-acetic acid induced immune promotion mediates preventive effects of Fu brick tea polyphenols on experimental colitis","volume":"71","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-024-00958-2","article-title":"Shaoyao decoction reduced T lymphocyte activation by regulating of intestinal flora and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in ulcerative colitis","volume":"19","author":"Zhen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i17.3786","article-title":"Awareness and attitude of fecal microbiota transplantation through transendoscopic enteral tubing among inflammatory bowel disease patients","volume":"8","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805_bib69","first-page":"3667","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of the mouse gut: effect of intestinal flora on intestinal health","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126006574?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126006574?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T11:05:38Z","timestamp":1785755138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874126006574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0378874126006574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative pharmacodynamic material basis of oral and colonic administration of Baitouweng decoction in experimental ulcerative colitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121805","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121805"}}