{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:37:24Z","timestamp":1792741044662,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:06:12Z","timestamp":1786637172000},"page":"122298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Phytochemical characterization, pharmacological activities, and in silico analysis of the methanolic extract of reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"373","author":[{"given":"Mst Soheli","family":"Akhter Nifa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monirul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumi","family":"Khatun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Ali","family":"Bhuiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morsheda Akter","family":"Shanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Ariful","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Ramjan","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Ekhlas","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3594-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Nurul","family":"Matin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13244028","article-title":"Mitigating oxidative stress and promoting cellular longevity with mushroom extracts","author":"Abdelkader","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2025.128481","article-title":"A novel approach for profiling of nature-inspired and bioactive proteins and peptides isolated from selected medicinal plants and their implications in Alzheimer diseases by in-silico analysis","volume":"296","author":"Abinaya","year":"2026","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-79559-w","article-title":"Unveiling the biological activities of Heliotropium indicum L. plant extracts: anti-inflammatory activities, GC-MS analysis, and in-silico molecular docking","volume":"15","author":"Afroz Shoily","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14081388","article-title":"Synergistic effects of selected nonthermal technologies combined with soursop leaf extract on the quality and Shelf life of refrigerated Pacific white shrimp","volume":"14","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.036","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum: persuasive biologically active constituents and their health endorsement","volume":"107","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041326","article-title":"Determination of antioxidants by DPPH radical scavenging activity and quantitative phytochemical analysis of Ficus religiosa","volume":"27","author":"Baliyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib7","first-page":"253","article-title":"Evaluation of In-Vitro thrombolytic activity of Manilkara zapota leaf extract","volume":"8","author":"Barbhuiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib8","first-page":"11","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and antiviral effects of ganoderma lucidum","volume":"I","author":"Barman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Current Studies in Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55723-5","article-title":"Discovery of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids as potential inhibitors against dengue virus NS2B-NS3 protease","volume":"9","author":"Bharadwaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00040.2012","article-title":"Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases","volume":"94","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.25166\/IJPPR.2024.30.9.23","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Ganoderma lucidum","volume":"30","author":"Bhusal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3182439613","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense","volume":"5","author":"Birben","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.24925\/turjaf.v7isp1.84-93.2728","article-title":"Health benefits of Ganoderma lucidum as a medicinal mushroom","volume":"7","author":"Bulam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib14","article-title":"Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7489","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8489","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00213","article-title":"A molecular web: endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and oxidative stress","volume":"8","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1158198","article-title":"Oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidants: potential crosstalk in the pathophysiology of human diseases","volume":"11","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.149519","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides target the gut-brain axis: unveiling a novel mechanism for ameliorating aging-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress","volume":"337","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6580.121674","article-title":"A new method for determining acute toxicity in animal models","volume":"20","author":"Chinedu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.2000.12061191","article-title":"Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic protease fromGanoderma lucidum","volume":"92","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.05.036","article-title":"Biological activity of Ganoderma lucidum basidiocarps cultivated on alternative and commercial substrate","volume":"155","author":"\u0106ilerd\u017ei\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.02.008","article-title":"Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads","volume":"1830","author":"Cragg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.06.057","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins extracted from litchi (Litchi chinenesis Sonn.) fruit pericarp tissues in relation to their role in the pericarp browning","volume":"101","author":"Duan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090864","article-title":"Oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"9","author":"Dubois-Deruy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2009.07.011","article-title":"Suppression of the inflammatory response by triterpenes isolated from the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum","volume":"9","author":"Dudhgaonkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11071030","article-title":"Nutritional profile and health benefits of Ganoderma lucidum \"Lingzhi, Reishi, or Mannentake\" as functional foods: current scenario and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"El Sheikha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib27","series-title":"Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy","author":"Evans","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2023.114155","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract promotes weight loss and improves depressive-like behaviors in male and female Swiss mice","volume":"265","author":"Ezurike","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2019.65.4.6","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and sedative-hypnotic activities of lucidone D extracted from Ganoderma lucidum","volume":"65","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13384","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200713384","article-title":"Molecular docking and structure-based drug design strategies","volume":"20","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01716-5","article-title":"Mushrooms for the brain: a review of the neuroprotective effects of mushroom bioactive compounds","volume":"40","author":"Gokul","year":"2025","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05609","article-title":"Phytochemical screening, polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin content, antioxidant activities and FTIR characterization of Marrubium vulgare L. from 2 different localities of Northeast of Morocco","volume":"6","author":"Hayat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4634","DOI":"10.1021\/jf300739m","article-title":"Phenolic, polysaccharidic, and lipidic fractions of mushrooms from northeastern Portugal: chemical compounds with antioxidant properties","volume":"60","author":"Heleno","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0341498","article-title":"Uralenol, Glycyrol, and Abyssinone II as potent inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 from anti-cancer plants: a deep learning and molecular dynamics approach","volume":"21","author":"Hossain","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16040483","article-title":"Characterization of plant-derived natural inhibitors of dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 as potential antidiabetic agents: a computational Study","author":"Hossain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.106785","article-title":"Identification of medicinal plant-based phytochemicals as a potential inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) using molecular docking and deep learning methods","volume":"157","author":"Hossain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s44371-025-00346-1","article-title":"In vivo and in silico evaluation of anxiolytic, antidepressant and cognitive enhancing activities of Maesa chisia leaves","volume":"2","author":"Hossain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discover Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2650","article-title":"Profiling of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of wild mushrooms: evidence from the in vitro study and phytoconstituent's binding affinity to the human erythrocyte catalase and human glutathione reductase","volume":"10","author":"Hossen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10070573","article-title":"Combined effect of cultivar and peel chromaticity on figs' Primary and secondary metabolites: preliminary study using biochemical and FTIR fingerprinting coupled to chemometrics","volume":"10","author":"Hssaini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/10496475.2019.1600627","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of Ziziphus mauritiana leaf extracts for phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities","volume":"25","author":"Jain","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Herbs, Spices, Med. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1422648","article-title":"Recent advancement of novel marine fungi derived secondary metabolite fibrinolytic compound FGFC in biomedical applications: a review","volume":"14","author":"Jeevithan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging","volume":"97","author":"Jomova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.1865","article-title":"Redefining oxidative stress","volume":"8","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2023.187-193","article-title":"Antiprotozoal activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf and Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Kart extracts against Blastocystis hominis","author":"Kaewjai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1080\/0028825X.2024.2384453","article-title":"Unlocking the therapeutic potential of edible mushrooms: Ganoderma and their secondary metabolites as novel antiviral agents for combating COVID-19","volume":"63","author":"Karunarathna","year":"2025","journal-title":"N. Z. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00746-8","article-title":"The multiple roles of life stress in metabolic disorders","volume":"19","author":"Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS181217007K","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidumas a cosmeceutical: antiradical potential and inhibitory effect on hyperpigmentation and skin extracellular matrix degradation enzymes","volume":"71","author":"Kozarski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib47","series-title":"Ganoderma","first-page":"61","article-title":"It is said that antioxidants are our answer to immortality: an Insight into the antioxidant activity of ganoderma","author":"Kozarski","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib49","article-title":"Insilico molecular docking studies of volatile compounds identified by GC-MS from tagetes species against Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)","volume":"20","author":"Krishna Motukuri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.10065","article-title":"Antiperoxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antimutagenic activities of ethanol extract of the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum occurring in South India","volume":"1","author":"Lakshmi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Teratog Carcinog Mutagen Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2010.07.014","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum \u2014 medical mushroom as a raw material for beer with enhanced functional properties","volume":"43","author":"Leskosek-Cukalovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-023-00370-2","article-title":"Pathway analysis of host responses to dengue virus serotype 2 infection and inhibition of viral envelope protein by naringenin from Ganoderma lucidum","volume":"48","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2010.02.006","article-title":"Characterization and antioxidant activity of two low-molecular-weight polysaccharides purified from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119597","article-title":"Association of \u03b1-Klotho with anti-aging effects of Ganoderma lucidum in animal models","volume":"345","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11213519","article-title":"Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivars grown in Northwest Spain under different environmental conditions","volume":"11","author":"Martinez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib56","article-title":"Antioxidant supplementation in oxidative stress-related diseases: what have we learned from studies on Alpha-Tocopherol?","volume":"11","author":"Meulmeester","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70356","article-title":"Unlocking the therapeutic potential of Ganoderma lucidum: from bioactive compounds to clinical translation","author":"Mohamed","year":"2026","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2016.01.006","article-title":"Are mushrooms medicinal?","volume":"120","author":"Money","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fungal Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib59","first-page":"59","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and in vivo antineoplastic properties of CARICA papaya fruits","volume":"8","author":"Monirul Islam Ai","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Pharmaceut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44135-1","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum methanolic extract as a potent phytoconstituent: characterization, in-vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity","volume":"13","author":"Mousavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.10.027","article-title":"GC\u2013MS, molecular identification, proximate and mineral content composition of two wild mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus ostreatus) from Gilgit Baltistan Northern area of Pakistan","volume":"163","author":"Munir","year":"2023","journal-title":"South Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112842","article-title":"Chemical profiles and pharmacological insights of Anisomeles indica Kuntze: an experimental chemico-biological interaction","volume":"149","author":"Nasrin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2025.115794","article-title":"Total flavonoid content revised: an overview of past, present, and future determinations in phytochemical analysis","volume":"700","author":"Nicolescu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/1901529","article-title":"Antioxidant potential of Ethiopian medicinal plants and their phytochemicals: a review of pharmacological evaluation","volume":"2023","author":"Nigussie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib65","series-title":"Forest Fungi","first-page":"181","article-title":"Chapter 10 - bioactive compounds of forest fungi for diverse biotechnological applications","author":"Nwaiwu","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib66","series-title":"Mushroom Biotechnology for Improved Agriculture and Human Health","first-page":"289","article-title":"Applications of mushrooms as immune boosters","author":"Oniha","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13474","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203068","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum stimulates autophagy-dependent longevity pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705650","article-title":"Carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema is biphasic, age-weight dependent and displays differential nitric oxide cyclooxygenase-2 expression","volume":"142","author":"Posadas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-9560-4-14","article-title":"Development of an in vitro model to study clot lysis activity of thrombolytic drugs","volume":"4","author":"Prasad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thromb. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib71","article-title":"Evaluation of antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of Maranta arundinacea Linn. Leaves","volume":"2015","author":"Rahman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2021.04.016","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of crude and detoxified leaves of Daphne oleoides Schreb. on carrageenan-induced paw edema in wistar rats","volume":"12","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ayurveda Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-5402(89)90019-3","article-title":"Tail immersion test for the evaluation of a nociceptive reaction in mice. Methodological considerations","volume":"21","author":"Ramabadran","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v12i2-S.5280","article-title":"Phytochemical Screening, GCMS, FTIR profile of Bioactive Natural Products in the methanolic extracts of Cuminum cyminum seeds and oil","volume":"12","author":"Ramya","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127933","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Ganoderma on immune effector cells","volume":"340","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70623","article-title":"A review of bioactive components and pharmacological effects of Ganoderma lucidum","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biochem4030010","article-title":"Oxidative stress-induced gastrointestinal diseases: biology and Nanomedicines\u2014A review","author":"Rezvani","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib77","first-page":"9","article-title":"Evaluation of antibacterial activity of different Ganoderma lucidum extracts","volume":"3","author":"Sadaf","year":"2010","journal-title":"People's J. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib78","article-title":"Multifaceted chemico-pharmacological insights into Cynometra ramiflora L.: unveiling its GC-MS, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, Anti-Inflammatory, antioxidant, Anti-Diarrheal, hypoglycemic, and analgesic potentials","volume":"19","author":"Samadd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.2174\/138920109789978757","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum: a Potent Pharmacological Macrofungus","volume":"10","author":"Sanodiya Gst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18805\/ijar.B-1170","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaves in animal model","author":"Shahat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5455\/pt.2025.07","article-title":"Exploring the bioactive compounds and antimicrobial potentials in leaves and sprouts of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)","volume":"3","author":"Sheikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Trends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061516-045037","article-title":"Oxidative stress","volume":"86","author":"Sies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-024-00730-2","article-title":"Fundamentals of redox regulation in biology","volume":"25","author":"Sies","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14050741","article-title":"Mushrooms as nutritional powerhouses: a review of their bioactive compounds, health benefits, and value-added products","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2013.832173","article-title":"A detailed comparative study between chemical and bioactive properties of Ganoderma lucidum from different origins","volume":"65","author":"Stojkovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib86","article-title":"Structural characterization, lipid-lowering activity, and emulsifying properties of polysaccharides derived from wheat pericarp via Ganoderma lucidum solid-state fermentation","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2022.09.462","article-title":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf and fruit extracts of Gymnosporia montana","volume":"73","author":"Sutariya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.34172\/jhp.2024.50446","article-title":"Anthelmintic and analgesic activities of different solvent fractions of crude methanolic extract of Baccaurea ramiflora (Lour.) fruit peels and seeds with molecular docking analysis","volume":"13","author":"Tabassum","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. HerbMed Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib89","first-page":"16","article-title":"Synthetic and semi-synthetic antioxidants in medicine and food industry: a review","volume":"ume","author":"Tauchen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16861","article-title":"Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling reveals newly described bioactive compounds in Citrullus colocynthis (L.) seeds oil extracts","volume":"9","author":"Thamer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334","article-title":"AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading","volume":"31","author":"Trott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256264","article-title":"TailTimer: a device for automating data collection in the rodent tail immersion assay","volume":"16","author":"Udell","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2024.105984","article-title":"Use of NMR, FTIR and GC\u2013MS to monitor the oxidation products of phospholipids in bighead carp head during cooking process","volume":"127","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib94","article-title":"Ganoderma atrum polysaccharides attenuates cadmium mediated hepatorenal dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation response, and metabolic disorders in mice","volume":"318","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.148001","article-title":"Health benefits of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides: a review of potential cardiovascular protective effects","volume":"330","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.99322","article-title":"Analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Shorea robusta resin in experimental animals","volume":"44","author":"Wani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.70014","article-title":"Overview of oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Weinberg Sibony","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131374","article-title":"Structure of water-soluble polysaccharides in spore of Ganoderma lucidum and their anti-inflammatory activity","volume":"373","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b01195","article-title":"Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum and their potential anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1805808","article-title":"Mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in the mangement of diabetes and its complications","volume":"17","author":"Xin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.08.118","article-title":"Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity","volume":"95","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76249-1","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum Rhodiola compound preparation prevent d-galactose-induced immune impairment and oxidative stress in aging rat model","volume":"10","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.222","article-title":"Effects of deproteinization methods on primary structure and antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides","volume":"126","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138300","article-title":"Developmental toxicity and skin sensitization potential of synthetic phenolic antioxidants and butylated hydroxytoluene transformation products: insights from human embryonic stem cell models","volume":"492","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6150","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12676","article-title":"A review of the occurrence, metabolites and health risks of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)","volume":"103","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.13852","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum spore powder after oil extraction alleviates microbiota dysbiosis to improve the intestinal barrier function in mice","volume":"105","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.33320\/maced.pharm.bull.2014.60.01.002","article-title":"Toxic\u043elogical evaluation of the plant products using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina L.) model","volume":"60","author":"\u041c\u0435ntor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maced. Pharm. Bull."}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126011530?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126011530?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:37:50Z","timestamp":1792737470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874126011530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["S0378874126011530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Phytochemical characterization, pharmacological activities, and in silico analysis of the methanolic extract of reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122298","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122298"}}