{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:50:52Z","timestamp":1792047052585,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:47:35Z","timestamp":1791442055000},"page":"122495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Neuroprotective effects of Bauhinia variegata flower extract against D-galactose-induced age-related cognitive impairment: Modulation of the oxidative stress\u2013endoplasmic reticulum axis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"374","author":[{"given":"Naglaa M.","family":"Ammar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab A.","family":"El-Gendy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa S.","family":"Abd Elkarim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania F.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reda MS.","family":"Korany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed F.","family":"Essa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gehad A.","family":"Abdel Jaleel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enayat A.","family":"Omara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3302-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelsamed I.","family":"Elshamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.612078","article-title":"Fisetin rescues the mice brains against D-galactose-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and memory impairment","volume":"12","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.08.004","article-title":"The antimicrobial, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of different fractions of four South African Bauhinia species used traditionally to treat diarrhoea","volume":"143","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-02096-z","article-title":"Synergistic wound healing mechanisms of Heliotropium curassavicum extracts via redox modulation, inflammation suppression, and tissue remodeling: linking phytochemical diversity to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"34","author":"Ahmed","year":"2026","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12194","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates d\u2010galactose\u2010induced memory impairment, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via RAGE\/NF\u2010KB\/JNK signaling pathway in aging mouse model","volume":"58","author":"Ali","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14191","article-title":"Lewy body co-pathology in Alzheimer's disease and primary age-related tauopathy contributes to differential neuropathological, cognitive, and brain atrophy patterns","volume":"21","author":"Almeida","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1348151","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of flavonoids: endoplasmic reticulum as the target","volume":"18","author":"Amiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.12.008","article-title":"Further evidence for the cholinergic hypothesis of aging and dementia from the canine model of aging","volume":"29","author":"Araujo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-022-03559-3","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into ameliorating effect of geraniol on D-galactose induced memory impairment in rats","volume":"47","author":"Atef","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib9","series-title":"Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques","author":"Bancroft","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4558","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7046051","article-title":"The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction","volume":"217","author":"Bartus","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.02.021","article-title":"Novelty processing and memory impairment in alzheimer's disease: a review","volume":"100","author":"Bastin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020280","article-title":"Neuroprotective potentials of flavonoids: experimental studies and mechanisms of action","volume":"12","author":"Bellavite","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2021.03.007","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and cadmium: a three models approach to the comprehension of its neurotoxic effects","volume":"84","author":"Bovio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"53","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib14","first-page":"2920","article-title":"Morris water maze test for learning and memory deficits in alzheimer's disease model mice","author":"Bromley-Brits","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715249462013260509045906","article-title":"D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment: mechanism, models and therapeutic interventions","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cent. Nerv. Syst. Agents Med. Chem."},{"issue":"733","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib16","first-page":"e56","article-title":"The role of tau phosphorylation and cleavage in neuronal cell death","volume":"12","author":"Chun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib17","article-title":"Adenoviral TMBIM6 vector attenuates ER-stress-induced apoptosis in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat model","volume":"12","author":"Doycheva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-024-01248-2","article-title":"Oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"82","author":"Ekundayo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01687-0","article-title":"Unveiling the neuroprotective potential of Ipomoea carnea ethanol extract via the modulation of tau and \u03b2-secretase pathways in AlCl3-induced memory impairment in rats in relation to its phytochemical profiling","volume":"33","author":"El-Kashak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unveiling the neuroprotective potential of Ipomoea carnea ethanol extract via the modulation of tau and \u03b2-secretase pathways in AlCl3-induced memory impairment in rats in relation to its phytochemical profiling","author":"El-Kashak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.11.021","article-title":"Protective role of chrysin on thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats","volume":"299","author":"El-Marasy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib22","article-title":"Bioactive-rich Mangifera indica leaf extracts alleviate inflammation, pain, and fever via suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of Nrf2 pathways","author":"Elghonemy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317497","article-title":"Anticryptosporidial action mechanisms of Launaea spinosa extracts in Cryptosporidium parvum experimentally infected mice in relation to its UHPLC-MS metabolite profile and biochemometric tools","volume":"20","author":"Elghonemy","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202200918","article-title":"Integration of LC\/MS, NMR and molecular docking for profiling of bioactive diterpenes from Euphorbia mauritanica L. with in vitro Anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 activity","volume":"20","author":"Essa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.12816\/0023129","article-title":"The antioxidant metabolic protective effect of exercise on d-galactose induced spatial memory impairment; possible role of hippocampal astrocytes","volume":"44","author":"Ewida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Med. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Feigin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3995","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073995","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: current knowledge and therapeutic implications","volume":"25","author":"Giri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.09.056","article-title":"Quantification of biochemical compounds in Bauhinia Variegata Linn flower extract and its hepatoprotective effect","volume":"28","author":"Gul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.01.016","article-title":"A high dose of short term exogenous D-galactose administration in young male rats produces symptoms simulating the natural aging process","volume":"124","author":"Haider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091258","article-title":"Neuroprotective potential of flavonoids in brain disorders","volume":"13","author":"Hasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3390\/jdad1020006","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"1","author":"Hasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dement. Alzheim. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1543809","article-title":"Lipids and oxidative stress associated with ethanol\u2010induced neurological damage","volume":"2016","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20882","article-title":"Expression and actions of transcription factors in adult hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"71","author":"Hodge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11288","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07152","article-title":"Insights into gastrointestinal redox dysregulation in a rat model of alzheimer's disease and the assessment of the protective potential of D-Galactose","volume":"9","author":"Homolak","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-023-01418-3","article-title":"Neuroprotective potential of Erigeron bonariensis ethanolic extract against ovariectomized\/D-galactose-induced memory impairments in female rats in relation to its metabolite fingerprint as revealed using UPLC\/MS","volume":"32","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6293","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1512-7","article-title":"Hesperetin confers neuroprotection by regulating Nrf2\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling in an A\u03b2 mouse model","volume":"56","author":"Ikram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.993562","article-title":"Daphnetin: a bioactive natural coumarin with diverse therapeutic potentials","volume":"13","author":"Javed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.186","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects against tau-related neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"6","author":"Jiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183565","article-title":"Involvement of insulin resistance in D-galactose-induced age-related dementia in rats: protective role of metformin and saxagliptin","volume":"12","author":"Kenawy","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2021.115827","article-title":"Candesartan protects against d-galactose induced\u2013Neurotoxicity and memory deficit via modulation of autophagy and oxidative stress","volume":"435","author":"Khedr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2018.06.014","article-title":"Inflammation as a central mechanism in alzheimer's disease","volume":"4","author":"Kinney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement.: Transl. Res. & Clin. Intervent."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.05.009","article-title":"Animal models of psychosis in alzheimer disease","volume":"28","author":"Krivinko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2025.1678673","article-title":"Phenolic acids in fermented foods: microbial biotransformation, antioxidant mechanisms, and functional health implications","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib44","series-title":"Kachnar (Bauhinia Variegata), Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits","first-page":"365","author":"Kumar","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib45","series-title":"Analgesic and Anti-ulcer Activities of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Root of Bauhinia variegata Linn","author":"Kumar","year":"2011"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112734","article-title":"Neuroprotective action of coumarin derivatives through activation of TRKB-CREB-BDNF pathway and reduction of caspase activity in neuronal cells expressing pro-aggregated tau protein","volume":"23","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164164","article-title":"Neuronal splicing regulator RBFOX3 (NeuN) regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711000022","article-title":"Aquaporin-4 deficiency exacerbates brain oxidative damage and memory deficits induced by long-term ovarian hormone deprivation and D-galactose injection","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/10496475.2014.932881","article-title":"Acute and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity of Bauhinia variegata (Caesalpiniaceae) stem bark extract","volume":"21","author":"Makadiya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Herbs, Spices, Med. Plants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib50","article-title":"Bauhinia variegata leaf extracts exhibit considerable antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities","volume":"2013","author":"Mishra","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010176","article-title":"Ascorbic acid mitigates D-galactose-induced brain aging by increasing hippocampal neurogenesis and improving memory function","volume":"11","author":"Nam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4094","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9337-5","article-title":"Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"53","author":"Niedzielska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib53","article-title":"Lycopene\u2010Loaded microemulsion regulates neurogenesis in rats with A\u03b2\u2010Induced alzheimer's disease rats based on the Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin pathway","volume":"2021","author":"Ning","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s41241-017-0039-3","article-title":"In vivo antitumor potential of extracts from different parts of Bauhinia variegata linn. Against b16f10 melanoma tumour model in c57bl\/6 mice","volume":"37","author":"Pandey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041100","article-title":"Chrysin protects against memory and hippocampal neurogenesis depletion in D-galactose-induced aging in rats","volume":"12","author":"Prajit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.11.016","article-title":"Protective effect of tetrahydropalmatine against d-galactose induced memory impairment in rat","volume":"154","author":"Qu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10050384","article-title":"The unfolded protein response: an overview","volume":"10","author":"Read","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib58","article-title":"Neurocognitive effects of proanthocyanidin in alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of preclinical evidence","volume":"57","author":"Reshma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brazil. J. Med. Biol. Res. = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1653378","article-title":"Dietary polyphenols and human health: sources, biological activities, nutritional and immunological aspects, and bioavailability- a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Saad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.jahp\/2025\/13.4.1095.1115","article-title":"An overview of interplay between aging, D-Galactose and oxidative stress","volume":"13","author":"Sahib","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib61","first-page":"1","article-title":"Naringin attenuates D-galactose-Induced brain aging via regulation of oxidative stress markers TNF-\u03b1, NF-\u03ba\u03b2 and modulation of the neurotrophic markers PGC1-\u03b1, NT-3 AGEs, and GFAP in vivo","volume":"67","author":"Salama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0325-8","article-title":"Astrocyte function from information processing to cognition and cognitive impairment","volume":"22","author":"Santello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.71995","article-title":"Biology of aging brain","volume":"53","author":"Shankar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s44372-025-00167-7","article-title":"Exploring the bioactive properties and diverse uses of Bauhinia variegata: a comprehensive review","volume":"2","author":"Sharma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discover Plants"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-020-00472-4","article-title":"Bauhinia variegata: a comprehensive review on bioactive compounds, health benefits and utilization","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advan. Tradit. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.15562\/bmj.v8i2.1460","article-title":"The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in cognitive functions","volume":"8","author":"Silakarma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bali Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib67","first-page":"58","article-title":"Multidimensional uses of medicinal plant kachnar (Bauhinia variegata Linn.)","volume":"4","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Phytomed. Clin. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715249293642240522054929","article-title":"Research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) involving the use of in vivo and in vitro models and mechanisms","volume":"25","author":"Sinha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cent. Nerv. Syst. Agents Med. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.016","article-title":"Advanced glycation endproducts and their receptor RAGE in alzheimer's disease","volume":"32","author":"Srikanth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24033022","article-title":"Oxidative stress and aging as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: the role of the antioxidant melatonin","volume":"24","author":"Tchekalarova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080645","article-title":"Co-administration of iron and a bioavailable curcumin supplement increases serum BDNF levels in healthy adults","volume":"9","author":"Tiekou Lorinczova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.017","article-title":"Doublecortin expression in CD8+ T-cells and microglia at sites of amyloid-\u03b2 plaques: a potential role in shaping plaque pathology?","volume":"14","author":"Unger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10930-025-10264-x","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress: implications in diseases","volume":"44","author":"Walter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Protein J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12396","article-title":"Overexpression of EphB4 promotes neurogenesis, but inhibits neuroinflammation in mice with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6435861","article-title":"Oxidant\/antioxidant imbalance in Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic and diagnostic prospects","volume":"2018","author":"Wojsiat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"79","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib76","article-title":"Esculetin ameliorates cognitive impairments in D-galactose-induced alzheimer's disease rats by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"18","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-021-02247-2","article-title":"Cognitive benefits of exercise interventions: an fMRI activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis","volume":"226","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8850112","article-title":"l\u2010Theanine ameliorates d\u2010galactose-induced brain damage in rats via inhibiting AGE formation and regulating Sirtuin1 and BDNF signaling pathways","volume":"2021","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2017.1960","article-title":"Naringenin ameliorates behavioral dysfunction and neurological deficits in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model through activation of PI3K\/Akt\/Nrf2 pathway","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13436","article-title":"The clinical significance of circulating glucose-regulated protein 78, Caspase-3, and C\/EBP homologous protein levels in patients with heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib80","series-title":"A New Phenanthraquinone from the Stems of Bauhinia variegata L","author":"Zhao","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106491","article-title":"Shikonin ameliorates D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in mice via the MAPK and nuclear factor-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"83","author":"Zhong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101291","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents cognitive impairment and hippocampus senescence in a rat model of D-galactose-induced aging","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ethnopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126013504?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378874126013504?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:42:43Z","timestamp":1792046563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378874126013504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S0378874126013504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-8741"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-8741","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuroprotective effects of Bauhinia variegata flower extract against D-galactose-induced age-related cognitive impairment: Modulation of the oxidative stress\u2013endoplasmic reticulum axis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2026.122495","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122495"}}