{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:40:41Z","timestamp":1789404041127,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011395","name":"Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX07106003-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX07106003-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011395","name":"Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX07102004-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX07102004-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T09:23:20Z","timestamp":1545038600000},"page":"128-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation of the secondary structures of protein in the extracellular polymeric substances extracted from activated sludge by different methods"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Benyi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuesong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0005","series-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04293","article-title":"Circular dichroism studies on the interactions of antimicrobial peptides with bacterial cells","volume":"4","author":"Avitabile","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2012.692722","article-title":"Influence of extraction method on size exclusion chromatography fingerprints of EPS from wastewater sludges","volume":"34","author":"Bourven","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2013.05.062","article-title":"Characterization of soluble and bound EPS obtained from 2 submerged membrane bioreactors by 3D-EEM and HPSEC","volume":"115","author":"Chabalin\u00e1","year":"2013","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.1021\/es034354c","article-title":"Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031901","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.77.031901","article-title":"Structural evolution during protein denaturation as induced by different methods","volume":"77","author":"Chodankar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv332","article-title":"JPred4: a protein secondary structure prediction server","volume":"43","author":"Drozdetskiy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017","article-title":"Calorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances","volume":"28","author":"Dubois","year":"1956","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.03.101","article-title":"Role of extracellular polymeric substances in the acute inhibition of activated sludge by polystyrene nanoparticles","volume":"238","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2016.02.013","article-title":"Proteolytically-induced changes of secondary structural protein conformation of bovine serum albumin monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-circular dichroism spectroscopy","volume":"161","author":"G\u00fcler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2014.08.025","article-title":"Evaluation of the damage of cell wall and cell membrane for various extracellular polymeric substance extractions of activated sludge","volume":"188","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biotech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2017.08.002","article-title":"Optimum selection of extraction methods of extracellular polymeric substances in activated sludge for effective extraction of the target components","volume":"127","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.10.021","article-title":"Effect of enzyme secreting bacterial pretreatment on Enhancement of aerobic digestion potential of WAS interceded through EDTA","volume":"150","author":"Kavitha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.07.065","article-title":"Improving the amenability of municipal waste activated sludge for biological pretreatment by phase-separated sludge disintegration method","volume":"164","author":"Kavitha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.01.118","article-title":"The enhancement of anaerobic biodegradability of waste activated sludge by surfactant mediated biological pretreatment","volume":"168","author":"Kavitha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.05.071","article-title":"Effect of NaCl induced floc disruption on biological disintegration of sludge for enhanced biogas production","volume":"192","author":"Kavitha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.05.051","article-title":"Achieving profitable biological sludge disintegration through phase separation and predicting its anaerobic biodegradability by non linear regression modelling","volume":"279","author":"Kavitha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2008.01.014","article-title":"Infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopic characterization of secondary structure components of a water treatment coagulant protein extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds","volume":"64","author":"Kwaambwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Colloid Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2016.01.002","article-title":"Role of pH-induced structural change in protein aggregation in foam fractionation of bovine serum albumin","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1656(02)00025-1","article-title":"Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sludges","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"1993","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2015.1051590","article-title":"The effects of three commonly used extraction methods on the redox properties of extracellular polymeric substances from activated sludge","volume":"36","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.12.002","article-title":"Novel insights into enzymatic-enhanced anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge by three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy","volume":"91","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.103515","article-title":"Secondary-structure analysis of denatured proteins by vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectroscopy","volume":"92","author":"Matsuo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.05.020","article-title":"Critical review of EPS production, synthesis and composition for sludge flocculation","volume":"66","author":"Nouha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(92)90046-A","article-title":"Analysis of the circular dichroism spectrum of proteins using the convex constraint algorithm: a practical guide","volume":"203","author":"Perczel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0135","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.01.023","article-title":"Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances of aerobic and anaerobic sludge using three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy","volume":"40","author":"Sheng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2010.08.001","article-title":"Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microbial aggregates in biological wastewater treatment systems: a review","volume":"28","author":"Sheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2009.07.013","article-title":"Evaluation of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for the characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in anaerobic granular sludges","volume":"100","author":"Simon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0155","series-title":"Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications","author":"Stuart","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(98)00286-7","article-title":"Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin induced apoptosis of bovine lymphocytes involves DNA fragmentation","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.12.033","article-title":"Characterization of dissolved organic matter in a submerged membrane bioreactor by using three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0170","first-page":"18962","article-title":"Protein secondary structure prediction using deep convolutional neural fields","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Reports."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.10.055","article-title":"Augmentation of protein-derived acetic acid production by heat-alkaline-induced changes in protein structure and conformation","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.11.008","article-title":"Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates","volume":"129","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9235","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b02861","article-title":"Occurrence state and molecular structure analysis of extracellular proteins with implications on the dewaterability of waste-activated sludge","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3992","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03992","article-title":"Enhanced bio-hydrogen production from protein wastewater by altering protein structure and amino acids acidification type","volume":"4","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.07.056","article-title":"Evaluation of the microbial cell structure damages in alkaline pretreatment of waste activated sludge","volume":"196","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-017-3351-3","article-title":"Characteristics of biochemical and fractal structure of activated sludge with thermochemical lysis","volume":"228","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Poll."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.10.046","article-title":"Spectroscopic characterization of extracellular polymeric substances from a mixed culture dominated by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria","volume":"68","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.04.011","article-title":"Insights into the short-term effects of CeO2 nanoparticles on sludge dewatering and related mechanism","volume":"118","author":"You","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2007.05.001","article-title":"Role of extracellular protein in the formation and stability of aerobic granules","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Enzym. Microb. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.09.035","article-title":"Inactivation kinetics and secondary structural change of PEF-treated POD and PPO","volume":"100","author":"Zhong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2012.0460","article-title":"Improved fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for fluorescent dissolved organic matter","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2015.043","article-title":"Optimization for extracellular polymeric substances extraction of microbial aggregates","volume":"71","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074218323258?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074218323258?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T10:16:26Z","timestamp":1760868986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1001074218323258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1001074218323258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1001-0742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1001-0742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of the secondary structures of protein in the extracellular polymeric substances extracted from activated sludge by different methods","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2018.12.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}