{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T20:52:40Z","timestamp":1785790360129,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program"},{"name":"Science and Engineering Faculty"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T19:15:37Z","timestamp":1591384537000},"page":"35-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of struvite and organic acids on immobilization of copper and zinc in contaminated bio-retention filter media"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Chathurani","family":"Moragaspitiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Rajapakse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme J.","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.10.207","article-title":"Adsorption of micronutrient metal ion onto struvite to prepare slow release multielement fertilizer: Copper (II) doped-struvite","volume":"217","author":"Arslanoglu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0002","series-title":"Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Soil","article-title":"Heavy metals in contaminated soils: A review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.04.325","article-title":"Efficient phosphate removal from water for controlling eutrophication using novel composite adsorbent","volume":"228","author":"Awual","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2001.3041222x","article-title":"Chemical immobilization of lead, zinc, and cadmium in smelter-contaminated soils using biosolids and rock phosphate","volume":"30","author":"Basta","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1139\/S08-049","article-title":"Dissolution kinetics of struvite pellets grown in a pilot-scale crystallizer","volume":"36","author":"Bhuiyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0006","first-page":"35","article-title":"Applications of quartering method in soils and foods","volume":"7","author":"Campos-M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1065\/espr2007.05.416","article-title":"Immobilization of lead in shooting range soils by means of cement, quicklime, and phosphate amendments","volume":"15","author":"Cao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.08.034","article-title":"Immobilization of Zn, Cu, and Pb in contaminated soils using phosphate rock and phosphoric acid","volume":"164","author":"Cao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0009","series-title":"Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis (2nd Ed.)","author":"Carter","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2011.11.008","article-title":"In vitro crystallization, characterization and growth-inhibition study of urinary type struvite crystals","volume":"362","author":"Chauhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0011","series-title":"Remediation of Heavy Metals in the Environment (Eds.)","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1021\/es950882f","article-title":"Effects of pH on heavy metal sorption on mineral apatite","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7061(02)00120-9","article-title":"Leachability of Cu and Ni in wood ash-amended soil as impacted by humic and fulvic acid","volume":"108","author":"Chirenje","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.12.003","article-title":"Copper and zinc decontamination from single- and binary-metal solutions using hydroxyapatite","volume":"146","author":"Corami","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2175\/106143001X138624","article-title":"Laboratory study of biological retention for urban stormwater management","volume":".73","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2175\/106143003X140854","article-title":"Water quality improvement through bioretention: Lead, copper, and zinc removal","volume":"75","author":"Davis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0017","volume":"368","author":"Day","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-016-2990-2","article-title":"Dissolution rate and agronomic effectiveness of struvite fertilizers \u2013 effect of soil pH, granulation and base excess","volume":"410","author":"Degryse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2014.07.035","article-title":"New phosphate-based binder for stabilization of soils contaminated with heavy metals: Leaching, strength and microstructure characterization","volume":"146","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0020","article-title":"Appendix A to 40 CFR","year":"2003","journal-title":"Part 423\u2013126 Priority Pollutants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2015.03.014","article-title":"Chemical immobilization of metals and metalloids by phosphates","volume":"59","author":"Hafsteinsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25399","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05863-y","article-title":"Contamination of foods with arsenic and mercury in Iran: a comprehensive review","volume":"26","author":"Hashempour-Baltork","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.03.055","article-title":"Mobility, bioavailability and pH-dependent leaching of cadmium, zinc and lead in a contaminated soil amended with biochar","volume":"92","author":"Houben","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.12.073","article-title":". Health risks to local residents from the exposure of heavy metals around the largest copper smelter in China","volume":"171","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4890","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3899-5","article-title":"Sustainable utilization of a recovered struvite\/diatomite compound for lead immobilization in contaminated soil: potential, mechanism, efficiency, and risk assessment","volume":"26","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2016.03.023","article-title":"Nutrients removal from swine wastewater by struvite precipitation recycling technology with the use of Mg3(PO4)2 as active component","volume":"92","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.05.086","article-title":"Immobilization of Cu (II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) by the addition of rice straw derived biochar to a simulated polluted Ultisol","volume":"229-230","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-006-2027-1","article-title":"Heavy metals contamination in vegetables grown in urban and metal smelter contaminated sites in Australia","volume":"169","author":"Kachenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.01.003","article-title":"Electricity production and phosphorous recovery as struvite from synthetic wastewater using magnesium-air fuel cell electrocoagulation","volume":"132","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2005.06.012","article-title":"Impact of calcium on struvite crystal size, shape and purity","volume":"283","author":"Le Corre","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.06.072","article-title":"Enhancement of struvite purity by re-dissolution of calcium ions in synthetic wastewaters","volume":"261","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2016.10.003","article-title":"Quantification and mitigation of the negative impact of calcium on struvite purity","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2016.04.005","article-title":"Screening hydroxyapatite for cadmium and lead immobilization in aqueous solution and contaminated soil: The role of surface area","volume":"52","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-017-0694-3","article-title":"High zinc removal from water and soil using struvite-supported diatomite obtained by nitrogen and phosphate recovery from wastewater","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.04.106","article-title":"Immobilization of Cu (II) and Zn (II) in simulated polluted soil using sulfurizing agent","volume":"277","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122121","article-title":"Impact of calcium on struvite crystallization in the wastewater and its competition with magnesium","volume":"378","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.12.056","article-title":"Model-based optimization of phosphorus management strategies in Sur WWTP, Madrid","volume":"153","author":"Lizarralde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.12.014","article-title":"Accuracy and application of quantitative X-ray diffraction on the precipitation of struvite product","volume":"90","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1021\/es00056a007","article-title":"Effects of aqueous Al, Cd, Cu, Fe(II), Ni, and Zn on Pb immobilization by hydroxyapatite","volume":"28","author":"Ma","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0040","series-title":"Heavy Metals","first-page":"pp.115","article-title":"Environmental contamination by heavy metals","author":"Masindi","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.09.050","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of phosphate treatment for the remediation of mine waste soils contaminated with Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn","volume":"86","author":"Mignardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.05.080","article-title":"Effect of heavy metals and organic matter on root exudates (low molecular weight organic acids) of herbaceous species: An assessment in sand and soil conditions under different levels of contamination","volume":"216","author":"Montiel-Rozas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2019.04.023","article-title":"Effect of Ca: Mg ratio and high ammoniacal nitrogen on characteristics of struvite precipitated from waste activated sludge digester effluent","volume":"86","author":"Moragaspitiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2019.103971","article-title":"Heavy metals contamination in soil and food and their evaluation for risk assessment in the Zhob and Loralai valleys, Baluchistan province, Pakistan","volume":"149","author":"Muhammad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-016-1907-3","article-title":"Environmental contamination by heavy metals in region with previous mining activity","volume":"97","author":"Musilova","year":"2016","journal-title":"B Environ. Contam. Tox."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(98)00123-7","article-title":"Predicting struvite formation in digestion","volume":"32","author":"Ohlinger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2016.02.002","article-title":"Ultrasonic and mechanical soil washing processes for the removal of heavy metals from soils","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s11771-018-3803-y","article-title":"Thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism analysis of Cu (II) adsorption by in-situ synthesized struvite crystal","volume":"25","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cent. South Univ. T"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2017.1278795","article-title":"Phosphate recovery through struvite-family crystals precipitated in the presence of citric acid: mineralogical phase and morphology evaluation","volume":"38","author":"Perwitasari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2017.11.052","article-title":"Kinetics and morphology analysis of struvite precipitated from aqueous solution under the influence of heavy metals: Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+","volume":"6","author":"Perwitasari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0051","series-title":"Soils and Environmental Quality","author":"Pierzynski","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11631-019-00321-5","article-title":"Effects of copper mining on heavy metal contamination in a rice agrosystem in the Xiaojiang River Basin, southwest China","volume":"38","author":"Pu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Geochimica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0053","series-title":"Soil Chemical Methods: Australasia Vol. 3","author":"Rayment","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0054","series-title":"Sustainable Heavy Metal Remediation","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.05.172","article-title":"Potential value of phosphate compounds in enhancing immobilization and reducing bioavailability of mixed heavy metal contaminants in shooting range soil","volume":"184","author":"Seshadri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0056","series-title":"Clogging due to struvite formation in leachate recirculation pipes of bioreactor landfills","author":"Somathilake","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7061(00)00102-6","article-title":"Influence of vegetation on low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids in soil solution\u2014a review","volume":"99","author":"Strobel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.12944\/CWE.9.3.26","article-title":"Phytoremediation of metal (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd and Cr) Phytoremediation of metal (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd and Cr) contaminated soils using Canna indica","volume":"9","author":"Subhashini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. World Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9797(02)00211-4","article-title":"Heavy metal immobilization in aqueous solution using calcium phosphate and calcium hydrogen phosphates","volume":"259","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Colloid. Interf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-015-2747-3","article-title":"Struvite: a slow-release fertiliser for sustainable phosphorus management?","volume":"401","author":"Talboys","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2005.11.007","article-title":"Quantitative WDS analysis using electron probe microanalyzer","volume":"56","author":"Ul-Hamid","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mater. Charact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.201300827","article-title":"Chemical immobilization of lead, cadmium, copper, and nickel in contaminated soils by phosphate amendments","volume":"44","author":"Valipour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clean \u2013 Soil Air Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(09)60216-3","article-title":"Isolation, identification, Pb(II) biosorption isotherms and kinetics of a lead adsorbing Penicillium sp. MRF-1 from South Korean mine soil","volume":"22","author":"Velmurugan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55809","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA12169A","article-title":"Recovery of nutrients from wastewater by a MgCl2 modified zeolite and their reuse as an amendment for Cu and Pb immobilization in soil","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.4931","article-title":"Modeling and optimization of struvite recovery from wastewater and reusing for heavy metals immobilization in contaminated soil","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.08.004","article-title":"Review on utilization of biochar for metal-contaminated soil and sediment remediation","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.09.121","article-title":"Effects of low molecular weight organic acids on the immobilization of aqueous Pb(II) using phosphate rock and different crystallized hydroxyapatite","volume":"105","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03326158","article-title":"Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using organic chelating acids","volume":"7","author":"Wuana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Te."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.149","article-title":"Stabilization and solidification of a heavy metal contaminated site soil using a hydroxyapatite-based binder","volume":"156","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2016.03.066","article-title":"Copper binding to soil fulvic and humic acids: NICA-Donnan modeling and conditional affinity spectra","volume":"473","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2016.10.015","article-title":"A combined process coupling phytoremediation and in situ flushing for removal of arsenic in contaminated soil","volume":"57","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.06.090","article-title":"A new low-cost hydroxyapatite for efficient immobilization of lead","volume":"553","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1021\/es001770d","article-title":"Lead immobilization using phosphoric acid in a smelter-contaminated urban soil","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/641415","article-title":"Immobilization of Cd, Zn, and Pb from soil treated by limestone with variation of pH using a column test","volume":"2015","author":"Yun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2016.07.004","article-title":"Temporal and spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and eutrophication assessment for a typical arid river \u2014 Fuyang River in Northern China","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2016.04.010","article-title":"Phosphorus recovery from municipal and fertilizer wastewater: China's potential and perspective","volume":"52","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-019-4221-y","article-title":"Sources of soil pollution by heavy metals and their accumulation in vegetables: A review","volume":"230","author":"Zwolak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074220301716?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074220301716?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T10:19:40Z","timestamp":1760869180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1001074220301716"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S1001074220301716"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1001-0742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1001-0742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of struvite and organic acids on immobilization of copper and zinc in contaminated bio-retention filter media","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2020.04.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}