{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:32:25Z","timestamp":1784687545359,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T20:18:11Z","timestamp":1658002691000},"page":"107-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Degradation of metoprolol by UV\/sulfite as an advanced oxidation or reduction process: The significant role of oxygen"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5070-6234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suyan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0001","first-page":"11728","article-title":"Degradation of PFOA substitute: GenX (HFPO\u2013DA ammonium salt): oxidation with UV\/persulfate or reduction with UV\/sulfite?","volume":"52","author":"Bao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00236","article-title":"Enhanced degradation of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) by UV\/sulfite treatment: reaction mechanisms and system efficiencies at pH 12","volume":"7","author":"Bentel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1063\/1.555805","article-title":"Critical Review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (\u22c5OH\/\u22c5O\u2212 in aqueous solution","volume":"17","author":"Buxton","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142762","article-title":"Review on UV\/sulfite process for water and wastewater treatments in the presence or absence of O2","volume":"765","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116625","article-title":"Sulfite enhanced transformation of iopamidol by UV photolysis in the presence of oxygen: role of oxysulfur radicals","volume":"189","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.126146","article-title":"The degradation of chloramphenicol by O3\/PMS and the impact of O3-based AOPs pre-oxidation on dichloroacetamide generation in post-chlorination","volume":"401","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150612","article-title":"Elevated risk of haloacetonitrile formation during post-chlorination when applying sulfite\/UV advanced reduction technology to eliminate bromate","volume":"806","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0008","article-title":"Electrolysis-assisted UV\/sulfite oxidation for water treatment with automatic adjustments of solution pH and dissolved oxygen","volume":"403","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.034","article-title":"Degradation of propranolol by UV-activated persulfate oxidation: reaction kinetics, mechanisms, reactive sites, transformation pathways and Gaussian calculation","volume":"690","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117143","article-title":"Efficient destruction of emerging contaminants in water by UV\/S (IV) process with natural reoxygenation: effect of pH on reactive species","volume":"198","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121523","article-title":"Photodegradation of metoprolol in the presence of aquatic fulvic acids. Kinetic studies, degradation pathways and role of singlet oxygen, OH radicals and fulvic acids triplet states","volume":"385","author":"Filipe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1080\/00268970701663768","article-title":"On the electron spin polarization observed in TREPR experiments involving hydroxyl and sulfate radicals","volume":"105","author":"Forbes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20991","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA01273D","article-title":"Persulfate activation by nano zero-valent iron for the degradation of metoprolol in water: influencing factors, degradation pathways and toxicity analysis","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.12.012","article-title":"Biodegradation of pharmaceuticals by Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Aspergillus Niger by co-metabolism","volume":"408","author":"Gauthier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.06.024","article-title":"Occurrence, ecotoxicological effects and risk assessment of antihypertensive pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment\u2014A review","volume":"138","author":"Godoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10554","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03261","article-title":"Efficient reductive decomposition of perfluorooctanesulfonate in a high photon flux UV\/sulfite system","volume":"50","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.197","article-title":"Hydrated electron based decomposition of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the VUV\/sulfite system","volume":"608","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.05.156","article-title":"Efficient decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid by a high photon flux UV\/sulfite process: kinetics and associated toxicity","volume":"326","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2021.164","article-title":"UV\/sulphite as alternative for UV\/H2O2 for micropollutant degradation in drinking water","volume":"21","author":"Hofman-Caris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.12.054","article-title":"Fungal treatment of metoprolol and its recalcitrant metabolite metoprolol acid in hospital wastewater: biotransformation, sorption and ecotoxicological impact","volume":"152","author":"Ja\u00e9n-Gil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2015.07.026","article-title":"Photochemical degradation of trichloroethylene by sulfite-mediated UV irradiation","volume":"3","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.09.013","article-title":"Concentrations of prioritized pharmaceuticals in effluents from 50 large wastewater treatment plants in the US and implications for risk estimation","volume":"184","author":"Kostich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.124007","article-title":"Highly enhanced degradation of organic pollutants in hematite\/sulfite\/photo system","volume":"386","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7342","DOI":"10.1021\/es3008535","article-title":"Efficient reductive dechlorination of monochloroacetic acid by sulfite\/UV process","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.12.098","article-title":"Comparison of metoprolol degradation by FeIII-NTA modified Fenton-like reaction in the absence and presence of manganese: efficiency and intermediates","volume":"313","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.22885","article-title":"Multiwfn: a multifunctional wave-function analyzer","volume":"33","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.03.039","article-title":"Oxidation of the odorous compound 2, 4, 6-trichloroanisole by UV activated persulfate\u00a0: kinetics, products, and pathways","volume":"96","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mi\u00e8ge, C., Choubert, J.M., Ribeiro, L., Eus\u00e8be, M., Coquery, M., 2009. Fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater treatment plants\u2014conception of a database and first results 157, 1721\u20131726.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.11.045"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1063\/1.555808","article-title":"Rate constants for reactions of inorganic radicals in aqueous solution rate","volume":"17","author":"Neta","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.11.055","article-title":"Photodegradation of metoprolol using a porphyrin as photosensitizer under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions","volume":"370","author":"Neves","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2015.03.032","article-title":"Occurrences of pharmaceuticals in drinking water sources of major river watersheds, China","volume":"117","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.09.082","article-title":"The combination of ferrate (VI) and sulfite as a novel advanced oxidation process for enhanced degradation of organic contaminants","volume":"333","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126448","article-title":"Efficient photochemical denitrification by UV\/sulfite system: mechanism and applications","volume":"418","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3207","article-title":"Analyses of macrolide antibiotic residues in eggs, raw milk, and honey using both ultra-performance liquid chromatography\/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.149","article-title":"Further insights into the combination of permanganate and peroxymonosulfate as an advanced oxidation process for destruction of aqueous organic contaminants","volume":"228","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.08.071","article-title":"Pilot study on bromate reduction from drinking water by UV\/sulfite systems: economic cost comparisons, effects of environmental parameters and mechanisms","volume":"330","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.01.018","article-title":"Influence of UV lamp, sulfur(IV) concentration, and pH on bromate degradation in UV\/sulfite systems: mechanisms and applications","volume":"111","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2016.02.001","article-title":"Enhanced debromination of 4-bromophenol by the UV\/sulfite process: efficiency and mechanism","volume":"54","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7330","DOI":"10.1021\/es506362e","article-title":"Production of sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical by reaction of ozone with peroxymonosulfate: a novel advanced oxidation process","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.08.074","article-title":"Comparative study on degradation of propranolol and formation of oxidation products by UV\/H2O2 and UV\/persulfate (PDS)","volume":"149","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.210","article-title":"Efficiency and mechanism of diclofenac degradation by sulfite\/UV advanced reduction processes (ARPs)","volume":"688","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0042","article-title":"Efficient reduction of carbamazepine using UV-activated sulfite: assessment of critical process parameters and elucidation of radicals involved","volume":"404","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.01.010","article-title":"Enhanced oxidation of aniline using Fe (III)-S (IV) system\u00a0: role of different oxysulfur radicals","volume":"362","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074222003618?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074222003618?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T10:30:18Z","timestamp":1760869818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1001074222003618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1001074222003618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1001-0742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1001-0742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Degradation of metoprolol by UV\/sulfite as an advanced oxidation or reduction process: The significant role of oxygen","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2022.07.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}