{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:23:52Z","timestamp":1792603432342,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515011540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41907119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41907119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42107046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42107046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020M682634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M682634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003009","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019GDASYL-0102002-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019GDASYL-0102002-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003009","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022GDASZH-2022010105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022GDASZH-2022010105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC1808500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC1808500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T08:20:55Z","timestamp":1679386855000},"page":"626-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Efficient reduction and adsorption of Cr(VI) using FeCl3-modified biochar: Synergistic roles of persistent free radicals and Fe(II)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Shujie","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengshuai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongling","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-heng","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1021\/es981297s","article-title":"Influence of mineral surfaces on chromium (VI) reduction by iron (II)","volume":"33","author":"Buerge","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.125100","article-title":"Enhancing biochar redox properties through feedstock selection, metal preloading and post-pyrolysis treatments","volume":"395","author":"Chac\u00f3n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147084","article-title":"Structural dependent Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction of biochar: hydrochar versus pyrochar","volume":"783","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116495","article-title":"Active MnO2\/biochar composite for efficient As(III) removal: Insight into the mechanisms of redox transformation and adsorption","volume":"188","author":"Cuong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.12.027","article-title":"Enhanced Cr(VI) reduction and As(III) oxidation in ice phase: important role of dissolved organic matter from biochar","volume":"267","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.03.002","article-title":"Stabilization of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with modified biochar for Cr(\u2165) removal from aqueous solution","volume":"332","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1021\/es5061512","article-title":"Manipulation of persistent free radicals in biochar to activate persulfate for contaminant degradation","volume":"49","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127205","article-title":"The pH-sensitive sorption governed reduction of Cr(VI) by sludge derived biochar and the accelerating effect of organic acids","volume":"423","author":"Fei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7061(94)00062-F","article-title":"Surface reactions of chromium in soils and waters","volume":"67","author":"Fendorf","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5505","DOI":"10.1021\/es048835n","article-title":"Natural occurrence of hexavalent chromium in the Aromas Red Sands Aquifer","volume":"39","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2005","journal-title":"California. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.132118","article-title":"Immobilizing chromate reductase NfoR on magnetic biochar reduced Cr(VI) in copper-containing wastewater","volume":"361","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7683","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01788","article-title":"Effects of the chemical structure, surface, and micropore properties of activated and oxidized black carbon on the sorption and desorption of phenanthrene","volume":"53","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.10.070","article-title":"The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) mediated by environmentally relevant carboxylic acids: State-of-the-art and perspectives","volume":"365","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1021\/ez5002209","article-title":"Biochar as an electron shuttle between bacteria and Fe(III) minerals","volume":"1","author":"Kappler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1021\/es702402a","article-title":"Abiotic degradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and black carbon","volume":"42","author":"Kemper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5601","DOI":"10.1021\/es500906d","article-title":"Redox properties of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar)","volume":"48","author":"Kl\u00fcpfel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.02.045","article-title":"Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions with untreated coffee residues as potential low-cost adsorbents: Equilibrium, reuse and thermodynamic approach","volume":"189","author":"Kyzas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2011.04.022","article-title":"Biochar effects on soil biota\u00a0\u2212\u00a0A review","volume":"43","author":"Lehmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14209","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04213","article-title":"Theoretical and experimental evidence for the carboneoxygen group enhancement of NO reduction","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.1021\/es500958b","article-title":"Coupled effects of aging and weak magnetic fields on sequestration of selenite by zero-valent iron","volume":"48","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6406","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00218","article-title":"Fe2+\/HClO reaction products produces FeIVO2+: An enhanced advanced oxidation process","volume":"54","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2018.11.012","article-title":"Hydrochars based on cigarette butts as a recycled material for the adsorption of pollutants","volume":"6","author":"Lima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122026","article-title":"Preparation, environmental application and prospect of biochar-supported metal nanoparticles: A review","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2020.1713030","article-title":"Progress and future prospects in biochar composites: Application and reflection in the soil environment","volume":"51","author":"Mandal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.06.021","article-title":"Simultaneous functionalization and magnetization of biochar via NH3 ambiance pyrolysis for efficient removal of Cr(VI)","volume":"208","author":"Mian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4860","DOI":"10.1021\/es035329+","article-title":"Reduction of hexavalent chromium with the brown seaweed Ecklonia biomass","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17221\/2010-VETMED","article-title":"Chromium as an essential nutrient: a review","volume":"52","author":"Pechova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17115","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b03310","article-title":"Hydrothermal carbon-mediated Fenton-like reactionmechanism in the degradation of Alachlor: direct electron transfer from hydrothermal carbon to Fe(III)","volume":"9","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115018","article-title":"Removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) by biochar supported nanosized zero-valent iron: Synergy of adsorption, reduction and transformation","volume":"265","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2015.12.008","article-title":"Magnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle synthesis and applications for lead (Pb2+) and chromium (Cr6+) removal from water","volume":"468","author":"Rajput","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.02.105","article-title":"Formation, characteristics, and applications of environmentally persistent free radicals in biochars: a review","volume":"281","author":"Ruan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.123212","article-title":"Role of redox-active biochar with distinctive electrochemical properties to promote methane production in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge","volume":"278","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-020-1285-2","article-title":"Light-induced variation in environmentally persistent free radicals and the generation of reactive radical species in humic substances","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144604","article-title":"Chemical processes of Cr(VI) removal by Fe-modified biochar under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and mechanism characterization under aerobic conditions using synchrotron-related techniques","volume":"768","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-9140(74)80012-3","article-title":"Spectrophotometric determination of iron(II) with 1, 10-phenanthroline in the presence of large amounts of iron(III)","volume":"21","author":"Tamura","year":"1974","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.119414","article-title":"Enhancement of Cr(VI) decontamination by irradiated sludge biochar in neutral conditions: Evidence of a possible role of persistent free radicals","volume":"277","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1021\/es102841s","article-title":"Formation and stabilization of combustion-generated environmentally persistent free radicals on an Fe(III)2O3\/silica surface","volume":"45","author":"Vejerano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2016.11.032","article-title":"Interaction of arsenic with biochar in soil and water: A critical review","volume":"113","author":"Vithanage","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134414","article-title":"Mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by magnetic greigite\/biochar composites","volume":"700","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2009.01.014","article-title":"Characteristics of Elovich equation used for the analysis of adsorption kinetics in dye-chitosan systems","volume":"150","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138413","article-title":"Mechanism of Cr(VI) reduction by humin: Role of environmentally persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species","volume":"725","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.10.068","article-title":"Biochar as both electron donor and electron shuttle for the reduction transformation of Cr(VI) during its sorption","volume":"244","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7129","DOI":"10.1021\/es4012367","article-title":"Role of black carbon electrical conductivity in mediating Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) transformation on carbon surfaces by sulfides","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121455","article-title":"Participation of soil active components in the reduction of Cr(VI) by biochar: Differing effects of iron mineral alone and its combination with organic acid","volume":"384","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2007.09.063","article-title":"Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in oxide materials","volume":"254","author":"Yamashita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04042","article-title":"Degradation of p-nitrophenol on biochars: role of persistent free radicals","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12040","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b03743","article-title":"Mercury removal by magnetic biochar derived from simultaneous activation and magnetization of sawdust","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.129366","article-title":"Sunlight-driven degradation of diethyl phthalate via magnetically modified biochar catalysts in water: Internal electron transfer mechanism","volume":"269","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135763","article-title":"Simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidization of organic pollutants by rice husk derived biochar and the interactive influences of coexisting Cr(VI)","volume":"706","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.02.055","article-title":"The adverse effect of biochar to aquatic algae- the role of free radicals","volume":"248","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.03.116","article-title":"Environmentally persistent free radicals mediated removal of Cr(VI) from highly saline water by corn straw biochars","volume":"260","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.08.093","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into adsorption and reduction of hexavalent chromium from water using magnetic biochar composite: key roles of Fe3O4 and persistent free radicals","volume":"243","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2021.120386","article-title":"Efficient removal of hexavalent chromium through adsorption-reduction-adsorption pathway by iron-clay biochar composite prepared from Populus nigra","volume":"285","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8123","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02713","article-title":"Enhanced transformation of Cr(VI) by heterocyclic\u2011N within nitrogen-doped biochar: Impact of surface modulatory persistent free radicals (PFRs)","volume":"54","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074223001158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074223001158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T10:40:48Z","timestamp":1760870448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1001074223001158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S1001074223001158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1001-0742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1001-0742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficient reduction and adsorption of Cr(VI) using FeCl3-modified biochar: Synergistic roles of persistent free radicals and Fe(II)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2023.03.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}