{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:44:20Z","timestamp":1786992260828,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Government of Catalonia Agency for Administration of University and Research Grants","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-SGR-00321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-SGR-00321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020-113371RA-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-113371RA-C22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TED2021-130845A-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TED2021-130845A-C32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T12:34:08Z","timestamp":1743424448000},"page":"670-682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Direct UV photolysis of cloperastine in aqueous solution: Kinetic model and degradation pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"159","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9181-6755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Mar\u00edn-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7515-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Gonzalez-Olmos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9073-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"G\u00f3mez-Canela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0001","unstructured":"AB Sciex, 2024. SCIEX OS. Available at: https:\/\/sciex.com\/support\/software-support\/software. Accessed February 20, 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0002","article-title":"Photostability and photostabilization of drugs and drug products","volume":"2016","author":"Ahmad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Photoenergy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-022-01498-7","article-title":"Occurrence, transformation, bioaccumulation, risk and analysis of pharmaceutical and personal care products from wastewater: a review","volume":"20","author":"Anand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"1203","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0004","first-page":"518","article-title":"A new sensitive chemical actinometer - II. Potassium ferrioxalate as a standard chemical actinometer","volume":"235","author":"Atchard","year":"1956","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A Math. Phys. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.05.039","article-title":"Transformation kinetics of biochemically active compounds in low-pressure UV photolysis and UV\/H2O2 advanced oxidation processes","volume":"45","author":"Baeza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.09.105","article-title":"Degradation pathways of aniline in aqueous solutions during electro-oxidation with BDD electrodes and UV\/H2O2 treatment","volume":"166","author":"Benito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1351\/pac200173040627","article-title":"Figures-of-merit for the technical development and application of advanced oxidation technologies for both electric- and solar-driven systems (IUPAC Technical Report)","volume":"73","author":"Bolton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"issue":"7\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1163\/15685670260469474","article-title":"Fundamental photochemical approach to the concepts of fluence (UV dose) and electrical energy efficiency in photochemical degradation reactions","volume":"28","author":"Bolton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Res. Chem. Intermed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0009","series-title":"Kinetic Systems: Mathematical Description of Chemical Kinetics in Solution (1st Ed.)","author":"Capellos","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.04.013","article-title":"Direct UV photolysis of selected pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disruptors in aqueous solution","volume":"84","author":"Carlson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1039\/c3em00615h","article-title":"A critical assessment of the photodegradation of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments: defining our current understanding and identifying knowledge gaps","volume":"16","author":"Challis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1021\/es803325j","article-title":"Indirect photodegradation of amine drugs in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122460","article-title":"Direct UV photolysis of pharmaceutical compounds: determination of pH-dependent quantum yield and full-scale performance","volume":"380","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S16643","article-title":"Pharmacological and clinical overview of cloperastine in treatment of cough","volume":"7","author":"Cuzzocrea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1039\/b815039g","article-title":"Probing the photoreactivity of aryl chlorides with oxygen","volume":"8","author":"Da Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4964","DOI":"10.1039\/C4AY00571F","article-title":"Multivariate curve resolution (MCR). Solving the mixture analysis problem","volume":"6","author":"De Juan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7439(00)00112-X","article-title":"Combining hard- and soft-modelling to solve kinetic problems","volume":"54","author":"De Juan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113332","article-title":"Photostability study of multicomponent drug formulations via MCR-ALS: the case of the hydrochlorothiazide-amiloride mixture","volume":"186","author":"De Luca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.11.003","article-title":"Kinetic studies of nitrofurazone photodegradation by multivariate curve resolution applied to UV-spectral data","volume":"386","author":"De Luca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-25512-9","article-title":"Presence and toxicity of drugs used to treat SARS-CoV-2 in Llobregat River, Catalonia, Spain","volume":"30","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0021","unstructured":"Eigenvector Research Inc., 2017. Baseline - documentation. Available at: https:\/\/www.wiki.eigenvector.com\/index.php?title=Baseline. Accessed January 24, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0022","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Physical Organic Chemistry","first-page":"1","article-title":"Practical chemical kinetics in solution","author":"El Seoud","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9100257","article-title":"Pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environments\u2014Occurrence, fate and bioremediation prospective","volume":"9","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.139094","article-title":"Basic micro-pollutants in sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Northwest Spain: occurrence and risk assessment of sludge disposal","volume":"335","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.01.029","article-title":"Spatio-temporal evaluation of organic contaminants and their transformation products along a river basin affected by urban, agricultural and industrial pollution","volume":"420","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3390\/chemosensors9100273","article-title":"Comprehensive characterization of 76 pharmaceuticals and metabolites in wastewater by LC-MS\/MS","volume":"9","author":"G\u00f3mez-Canela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2019.02.016","article-title":"Analysis of 44 pharmaceuticals consumed by elderly using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"168","author":"G\u00f3mez-Canela","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145380","article-title":"Phototransformation study of the antidepressant paroxetine in surface waters","volume":"774","author":"Gornik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2010.03.005","article-title":"Photodegradation kinetics of androgenic steroids boldenone and trenbolone in aqueous solutions","volume":"212","author":"Gryglik","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8322","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27238322","article-title":"Chemical stability study of H1 antihistaminic drugs from the first and the second generations, diphenhydramine, azelastine and bepotastine, in Pure APIs and in the presence of two excipients, citric acid and polyvinyl alcohol","volume":"27","author":"Gumieniczek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0031","series-title":"Principles of Environmental Chemistry (1st Ed.)","first-page":"279","article-title":"Environmental Organic Chemistry","author":"Halsall","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2335","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of ten antihistamine drugs in human plasma using pipette tip solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry","volume":"20","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl485","article-title":"COPASI\u2014A complex pathway simulator","volume":"22","author":"Hoops","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemolab.2014.10.003","article-title":"MCR-ALS GUI 2.0: new features and applications","volume":"140","author":"Jaumot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1021\/es00004a022","article-title":"Determination of the reaction quantum yield for the photochemical degradation of Fe(III)-EDTA: implications for the environmental fate of EDTA in surface waters","volume":"29","author":"Kari","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.04.104","article-title":"Kinetic and mechanism investigation on the photochemical degradation of atrazine with activated H2O2, S2O82\u2212 and HSO5\u2212","volume":"252","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0037","first-page":"77","article-title":"Photosensitivity reactions induced by photochemical degradation of drugs","volume":"12","author":"Klelemen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-0969-1","article-title":"Removal of pharmaceutical residues in a pilot wastewater treatment plant","volume":"387","author":"Kosjek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-009-0144-2","article-title":"The occurrence of antihistamines in sewage waters and in recipient rivers","volume":"16","author":"Kosonen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5047","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26165047","article-title":"Pharmaceutical residues in senior residences wastewaters: high loads, emerging risks","volume":"26","author":"Lacorte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2010.01.005","article-title":"Participation of a heterolytic path in the photochemistry of chlorobenzene","volume":"210","author":"Lazzaroni","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3390\/w14030385","article-title":"Model predictive control strategy for the degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds by UV\/H2O2 oxidation process","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11726","DOI":"10.1021\/es402879x","article-title":"Production of photo-oxidants by dissolved organic matter during UV water treatment","volume":"47","author":"Lester","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2009.10.009","article-title":"Simultaneous quantitation of paracetamol, caffeine, pseudoephedrine, chlorpheniramine and cloperastine in human plasma by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43984","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-18760-8","article-title":"Analysis of degradation and pathways of three common antihistamine drugs by NaClO, UV, and UV-NaClO methods","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2020.113731","article-title":"Identification and quantification of five impurities in cloperastine hydrochloride","volume":"193","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.05.127","article-title":"Treatment of diphenhydramine with different AOPs including photo-fenton at circumneutral pH","volume":"318","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemolab.2018.01.011","article-title":"Investigation of the photodegradation profile of tamoxifen using spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis and multivariate curve resolution","volume":"174","author":"Mar\u00edn-Garc\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.teac.2019.e00072","article-title":"A review on advanced oxidation processes: from classical to new perspectives coupled to two- and multi-way calibration strategies to monitor degradation of contaminants in environmental samples","volume":"24","author":"Mazivila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Environ. Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24010","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-17687-w","article-title":"UV\u2013Vis spectrophotometry coupled to chemometric analysis for the performance evaluation of atrazine photolysis and photocatalysis","volume":"29","author":"Moreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/wej.12612","article-title":"Removal of selected antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs during post-treatment of municipal wastewater with UV, UV\/chlorine and UV\/hydrogen peroxide","volume":"34","author":"Ngumba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Environ. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-1035-8","article-title":"Occurrence patterns of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments","volume":"387","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138652","article-title":"A new view on the mechanism of UV photodegradation of the tricyclic antidepressant carbamazepine in aqueous solutions","volume":"329","author":"Novikov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00299","article-title":"Pharmaceuticals of emerging concern in aquatic systems: chemistry, occurrence, effects, and removal methods","volume":"119","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1021\/es061491b","article-title":"UV degradation kinetics and modeling of pharmaceutical compounds in laboratory grade and surface water via direct and indirect photolysis at 254 nm","volume":"41","author":"Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13488","article-title":"Microbial degradation of halogenated aromatics: molecular mechanisms and enzymatic reactions","volume":"13","author":"Pimviriyakul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.07.041","article-title":"Kinetic models and pathways of ronidazole degradation by chlorination, UV irradiation and UV\/chlorine processes","volume":"65","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.11.095","article-title":"Identification of antiviral antihistamines for COVID-19 repurposing","volume":"538","author":"Reznikov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10904","DOI":"10.1021\/es5028822","article-title":"Dehalogenation of aromatics by nucleophilic aromatic substitution","volume":"48","author":"Sadowsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1002\/cite.201600191","article-title":"Light sources for photochemical processes \u2013 Estimation of technological potentials","volume":"89","author":"Sender","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Ing. Tech."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1290070210","article-title":"Randomization in the fragmentation of benzophenone","volume":"7","author":"Srzi\u0107","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0062","series-title":"Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment (1st Ed.)","first-page":"7","article-title":"UV photolysis: background","author":"Stefan","year":"2005"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912354","article-title":"Metronidazole degradation by UV and UV\/H2O2 advanced oxidation processes: kinetics, mechanisms, and effects of natural water matrices","volume":"19","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0065","unstructured":"The MathWorks Inc., 2020. Curve fitting toolboxTM Available at: https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/curvefit\/index.html?lang=en. Accessed February 22, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2018.11.155","article-title":"Effects of water matrix components on degradation efficiency and pathways of antibiotic metronidazole by UV\/TiO2 photocatalysis","volume":"276","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0064","unstructured":"tarifaluzhora.es, 2024. Precio de la tarifa de luz por horas | April 28, 2023. Available at: https:\/\/tarifaluzhora.es\/?date=2023-04-28. Accessed February 24, 2024."},{"issue":"SI 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0067","first-page":"000S2","article-title":"A case control-study of cloperastine treatment in Covid-19. Potential drug, clinical observation and common sense","volume":"4","author":"Turabian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Int. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0068","first-page":"67","article-title":"UV disinfection of drinking water and by product formation - some basic considerations","volume":"41","author":"von Sonntag","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aqua"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2113947119","article-title":"Pharmaceutical pollution of the world\u2019s rivers","volume":"119","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.05.088","article-title":"Predicting pharmaceutical degradation by UV (LP)\/H2O2 processes: a kinetic model","volume":"255","author":"Wols","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.03.036","article-title":"Review of photochemical reaction constants of organic micropollutants required for UV advanced oxidation processes in water","volume":"46","author":"Wols","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.07.008","article-title":"Degradation of 40 selected pharmaceuticals by UV\/H2O2","volume":"47","author":"Wols","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8258","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11181-5","article-title":"Photochemical degradation kinetics and mechanisms of norfloxacin and oxytetracycline","volume":"28","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0074","first-page":"31","article-title":"HPLC simultaneous separation and micro-determination of cloperastine fendizoate, methyl parahydroxybenzoic acid and propyl parahydroxybenzoic acid in their anti-cough suspension pharmaceutical formulation","volume":"67","author":"Zayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1021\/es60127a013","article-title":"Rates of direct photolysis in aquatic environment","volume":"11","author":"Zepp","year":"1977","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074225001251?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074225001251?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T13:43:49Z","timestamp":1762350229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1001074225001251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S1001074225001251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["1001-0742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1001-0742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Direct UV photolysis of cloperastine in aqueous solution: Kinetic model and degradation pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2025.03.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}