{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:47:30Z","timestamp":1788342450849,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023T3013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023T3013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005270","name":"Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022L3025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022L3025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IUE-CERAE-202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IUE-CERAE-202402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3700304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3700304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T08:06:15Z","timestamp":1746777975000},"page":"490-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The primary sources of ROx radicals in atmosphere: Oxidative capacity and self-purifying effect"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Gaojie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengren","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4698-1783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youwei","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9255-4323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinsheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3625","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-3625-2006","article-title":"Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: volume II \u2013 gas phase reactions of organic species","volume":"6","author":"Atkinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10287","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-10287-2023","article-title":"OH, HO2, and RO2 radical chemistry in a rural forest environment: measurements, model comparisons, and evidence of a missing radical sink","volume":"23","author":"Bottorff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2024.107270","article-title":"Photochemical pollution during summertime in a coastal city of Southeast China: ozone formation and influencing factors","volume":"301","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.11.015","article-title":"Atmospheric oxidation capacity and O3 formation in a coastal city of southeast China: results from simulation based on four-season observation","volume":"136","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13767","article-title":"High winter ozone pollution from carbonyl photolysis in an oil and gas basin","volume":"514","author":"Edwards","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2021.105635","article-title":"Atmospheric formaldehyde, glyoxal and their relations to ozone pollution under low- and high-NOx regimes in summertime Shanghai, China","volume":"258","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114152","article-title":"Sources of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) in urban atmospheres in North and South China","volume":"261","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nwaa137","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa137","article-title":"Enhanced secondary pollution offset reduction of primary emissions during COVID-19 lockdown in China","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-022-00972-9","article-title":"Suppression of surface ozone by an aerosol-inhibited photochemical ozone regime","volume":"15","author":"Ivatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812168116","article-title":"Anthropogenic drivers of 2013\u20132017 trends in summer surface ozone in China","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0464-x","article-title":"A two-pollutant strategy for improving ozone and particulate air quality in China","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0012","article-title":"Potential effect of halogens on atmospheric oxidation and air quality in China","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118249","article-title":"A review on methodology in O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity study","volume":"291","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4339","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-4339-2022","article-title":"Seasonal characteristics of atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in a coastal city of Southeast China: explanatory factors and photochemical effects","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-2173-2022","article-title":"Atmospheric oxidation capacity and ozone pollution mechanism in a coastal city of southeastern China: analysis of a typical photochemical episode by an observation-based model","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160210","article-title":"Pollution mechanisms and photochemical effects of atmospheric HCHO in a coastal city of southeast China","volume":"859","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2023.07.051","article-title":"Ozone mitigations beyond the control of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds","volume":"68","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.8b00366","article-title":"Severe surface ozone pollution in China: a global perspective","volume":"5","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14638","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c05169","article-title":"Reactive chlorine species advancing the atmospheric oxidation capacities of inland urban environments","volume":"57","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7005","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-7005-2022","article-title":"OH and HO2 radical chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0021","first-page":"1","article-title":"Photodissociation of particulate nitrate as a source of daytime tropospheric Cl2","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"nwaa304","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa304","article-title":"An unexpected large continental source of reactive bromine and chlorine with significant impact on wintertime air quality","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL051912","article-title":"Significant concentrations of nitryl chloride observed in rural continental Europe associated with the influence of sea salt chloride and anthropogenic emissions","volume":"39","author":"Phillips","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15625","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c01567","article-title":"Novel method for ozone isopleth construction and diagnosis for the ozone control strategy of Chinese cities","volume":"55","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8815","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c08761","article-title":"Atmospheric oxidation capacity elevated during 2020 spring lockdown in Chengdu, China: lessons for future secondary pollution control","volume":"58","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7129","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-7129-2019","article-title":"Experimental budgets of OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals and implications for ozone formation in the Pearl River Delta in China 2014","volume":"19","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.04.286","article-title":"Exploring ozone pollution in Chengdu, southwestern China: a case study from radical chemistry to O3-VOC-NOx sensitivity","volume":"636","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12391","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-12391-2018","article-title":"Wintertime photochemistry in Beijing: observations of ROx radical concentrations in the North China Plain during the BEST-ONE campaign","volume":"18","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1021\/ac200055z","article-title":"Quantification of nitryl chloride at part per trillion mixing ratios by thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectroscopy","volume":"83","author":"Thaler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14959","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-14959-2016","article-title":"Significant concentrations of nitryl chloride sustained in the morning: investigations of the causes and impacts on ozone production in a polluted region of northern China","volume":"16","author":"Tham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JD027266","article-title":"Sources and potential photochemical roles of formaldehyde in an urban atmosphere in South China","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14837","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-14837-2022","article-title":"Formation and impacts of nitryl chloride in Pearl River Delta","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD024556","article-title":"Observations of nitryl chloride and modeling its source and effect on ozone in the planetary boundary layer of southern China","volume":"121","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4117","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-4117-2022","article-title":"Direct observations indicate photodegradable oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) as larger contributors to radicals and ozone production in the atmosphere","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.06.029","article-title":"Progress in quantitative research on the relationship between atmospheric oxidation and air quality","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144796","article-title":"Enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity and associated ozone increases during COVID-19 lockdown in the Yangtze River Delta","volume":"768","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15985","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-15985-2021","article-title":"Winter ClNO2 formation in the region of fresh anthropogenic emissions: seasonal variability and insights into daytime peaks in northern China","volume":"21","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9891","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-9891-2016","article-title":"Oxidative capacity and radical chemistry in the polluted atmosphere of Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region: analysis of a severe photochemical smog episode","volume":"16","author":"Xue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-8-3151-2015","article-title":"Development of a chlorine chemistry module for the Master Chemical Mechanism","volume":"8","author":"Xue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15455","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-15455-2023","article-title":"HONO chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018: formation mechanisms and impacts on O3 production","volume":"23","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JD038898","article-title":"Significant impact of reactive chlorine on complex air pollution over the Yangtze River Delta region, China","volume":"128","author":"Yi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-3275-2022","article-title":"Amplified role of potential HONO sources in O3 formation in North China Plain during autumn haze aggravating processes","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0043","article-title":"The levels and sources of nitrous acid (HONO) in winter of Beijing and Sanmenxia","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c03884","article-title":"Evolution of ozone formation sensitivity during a persistent regional ozone episode in northeastern China and its implication for a control strategy","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6327","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-6327-2022","article-title":"An investigation into the chemistry of HONO in the marine boundary layer at Tudor Hill Marine Atmospheric Observatory in Bermuda","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074225002876?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074225002876?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T16:51:36Z","timestamp":1778518296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1001074225002876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1001074225002876"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1001-0742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1001-0742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The primary sources of ROx radicals in atmosphere: Oxidative capacity and self-purifying effect","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}