{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T03:37:00Z","timestamp":1792899420471,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D2023209012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D2023209012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031138","name":"Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["357902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["357902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031138","name":"Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["337549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["337549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031138","name":"Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["359340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["359340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42275117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101036245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101036245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:55:31Z","timestamp":1771260931000},"page":"164-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative analysis of multiple health risks from different air pollution events"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Feixue","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenjie","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zemin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Men","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1881-9044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuukka","family":"Pet\u00e4j\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veli-Matti","family":"Kerminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Kulmala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaspar R.","family":"Daellenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6758-2151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongchun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.123165","article-title":"Identifying urban emission sources and their contribution to the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Kuwait","volume":"343","author":"Aldekheel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8657","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1900125116","article-title":"Severe haze in northern China: a synergy of anthropogenic emissions and atmospheric processes","volume":"116","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0003","article-title":"Source apportionment of fine PM by combining high time resolution organic and inorganic chemical composition datasets","volume":"3","author":"Belis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ. X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12721","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-12721-2020","article-title":"Size-segregated particle number and mass concentrations from different emission sources in urban Beijing","volume":"20","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-1251-2022","article-title":"Influence of organic aerosol molecular composition on particle absorptive properties in autumn Beijing","volume":"22","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-3257-2024","article-title":"Oxidative potential apportionment of atmospheric PM1: a new approach combining high-sensitive online analysers for chemical composition and offline OP measurement technique","volume":"24","author":"Camman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138139","article-title":"Key toxicity enhancement effect of aqueous-phase secondary formation: insights from hourly measurements during haze events","volume":"492","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6877","article-title":"PM2.5 exposure decreases viability, migration and angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.04.120","article-title":"Characteristics of aerosols collected in central Taiwan during an Asian dust event in spring 2000","volume":"61","author":"Cheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.10.037","article-title":"The characteristics of Beijing aerosol during two distinct episodes: impacts of biomass burning and fireworks","volume":"185","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601530","article-title":"Reactive nitrogen chemistry in aerosol water as a source of sulfate during haze events in China","volume":"2","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172345","article-title":"Major source categories of PM2.5 oxidative potential in wintertime Beijing and surroundings based on online dithiothreitol-based field measurements","volume":"928","author":"Cheung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-115-2019","article-title":"Atmospheric new particle formation in China","volume":"19","author":"Chu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.117164","article-title":"In situ continuous observation of hourly elements in PM2.5 in urban beijing, China: occurrence levels, temporal variation, potential source regions and health risks","volume":"222","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-024-01493-3","article-title":"Substantial contribution of transported emissions to organic aerosol in Beijing","volume":"17","author":"Daellenbach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2902-8","article-title":"Sources of particulate-matter air pollution and its oxidative potential in Europe","volume":"587","author":"Daellenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2019.09.016","article-title":"Observation of chemical components of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol formation during haze and sandy haze days in Zhengzhou, China","volume":"88","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-020-00156-5","article-title":"A 3D study on the amplification of regional haze and particle growth by local emissions","volume":"4","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"npj Clim. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0019","unstructured":"EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 1989. Risk assessment guidance for superfund volume I human health evaluation manual (part A). Available at: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/risk\/risk-assessment-guidance-superfund-rags-part\/. Accessed December 20, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-1193-2024","article-title":"Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Montr\u00e9al, Canada, and health risk assessment for potentially toxic elements","volume":"24","author":"Fakhri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12469","DOI":"10.1021\/es4026613","article-title":"PM10 and PM2.5 and health risk assessment for heavy metals in a typical factory for cathode ray tube television recycling","volume":"47","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2023.119606","article-title":"The changing sulphur content of a northern Chinese dust storm: initiation, attenuation and culmination","volume":"297","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-6-3225-2013","article-title":"The ToF-ACSM: a portable aerosol chemical speciation monitor with TOFMS detection","volume":"6","author":"Fr\u00f6hlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-020-00920-9","article-title":"Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in dust affected by fireworks during the Spring Festival in Beijing","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-024-01540-z","article-title":"Efficacy of China\u2019s clean air actions to tackle PM2.5 pollution between 2013 and 2020","volume":"17","author":"Geng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8295","DOI":"10.1021\/es1016284","article-title":"Particulate oxidative burden associated with firework activity","volume":"44","author":"Godri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.142124","article-title":"Potential impact of fireworks on respiratory health","volume":"31","author":"Gouder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung India: Official Organ Indian Chest Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31597-5","article-title":"Impact of air pollution on the burden of chronic respiratory diseases in China: time for urgent action","volume":"388","author":"Guan","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11981","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-24-11981-2024","article-title":"Opinion: how will advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution?","volume":"24","author":"Haddad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2011.11.0191","article-title":"Air quality modeling for of a strong dust event in East Asia in March 2010","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10231","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-10231-2014","article-title":"Modeling analysis of the seasonal characteristics of haze formation in Beijing","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201709-1883OC","article-title":"Short-term elevation of fine particulate matter air pollution and acute lower respiratory infection","volume":"198","author":"Horne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119381","article-title":"Assessment of PM2.5-related health effects: a comparative study using multiple methods and multi-source data in China","volume":"306","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118206","article-title":"Chemically and temporally resolved oxidative potential of urban fine particulate matter","volume":"291","author":"Hsiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.11.064","article-title":"Assessing exposure risk for dust storm events-associated lung function decrement in asthmatics and implications for control","volume":"68","author":"Hsieh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.05.023","article-title":"Health risks and sources of trace elements and black carbon in PM2.5 from 2019 to 2021 in Beijing","volume":"142","author":"Hua","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10967","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02091","article-title":"Source-specific health risk analysis on particulate trace elements: coal combustion and traffic emission as major contributors in wintertime Beijing","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13774","article-title":"High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China","volume":"514","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10185","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.4c00920","article-title":"Relaxation of Spring Festival firework regulations leads to a deterioration in air quality","volume":"58","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159386","article-title":"Discovering oxidative potential (OP) drivers of atmospheric PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 simultaneously in North-Eastern Spain","volume":"857","author":"In 't Veld","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10454","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b02062","article-title":"Oxidation potential reduction of carbon nanomaterials during atmospheric-relevant aging: role of surface coating","volume":"53","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-011-2008-8","article-title":"Influence of burning of fireworks on particle size distribution of PM10 and associated barium at Nagpur","volume":"184","author":"Khaparde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171053","article-title":"Variations of oxidative potential of PM2.5 in a medium-sized residential city in South Korea measured using three different chemical assays","volume":"920","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.03.001","article-title":"Variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 during winter haze period around 2014 Chinese Spring Festival at Nanjing: insights of source changes, air mass direction and firework particle injection","volume":"520","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-2167-2015","article-title":"The impacts of firework burning at the Chinese Spring Festival on air quality: insights of tracers, source evolution and aging processes","volume":"15","author":"Kong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.139707","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of PM2.5 oxidative potential: insights into the role of organic compounds and sources","volume":"497","author":"Koo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104660","article-title":"Chronic exposure to fine particles and mortality: an extended follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities study from 1974 to 2009","volume":"120","author":"Lepeule","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1021\/es071873x","article-title":"Heavy metals concentrations of surface dust from e-waste recycling and its human health implications in Southeast China","volume":"42","author":"Leung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.07.016","article-title":"Chemical partitioning of fine particle-bound metals on haze\u2013fog and non-haze\u2013fog days in Nanjing, China and its contribution to human health risks","volume":"183","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108724","article-title":"Key drivers of the oxidative potential of PM2.5 in Beijing in the context of air quality improvement from 2018 to 2022","volume":"187","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.03.070","article-title":"Differences in oxidative potential of black carbon from three combustion emission sources in China","volume":"240","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3492","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JD025541","article-title":"Evolution of trace elements in the planetary boundary layer in southern China: effects of dust storms and aerosol-cloud interactions","volume":"122","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138651","article-title":"Specific sources of health risks caused by size-resolved PM-bound metals in a typical coal-burning city of northern China during the winter haze event","volume":"734","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12173","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-12173-2021","article-title":"Rapid mass growth and enhanced light extinction of atmospheric aerosols during the heating season haze episodes in Beijing revealed by aerosol\u2013chemistry\u2013radiation\u2013boundary layer interaction","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac31ec","article-title":"Wind-blown dust and its impacts on particulate matter pollution in Northern China: current and future scenarios","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13269","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-13269-2021","article-title":"Ammonium nitrate promotes sulfate formation through uptake kinetic regime","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1021\/es505298d","article-title":"Chemical and toxicological evolution of carbon nanotubes during atmospherically relevant aging processes","volume":"49","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/20964471.2020.1798707","article-title":"Continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observations in Beijing: a station to understand the complex urban atmospheric environment","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Big Earth Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-020-00757-2","article-title":"Characteristics, emission sources and health risk assessment of trace elements in size-segregated aerosols during haze and non-haze periods at Ningbo, China","volume":"43","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Geochem. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.06.016","article-title":"Oxidative potential of ambient particulate matter in Beirut during Saharan and Arabian dust events","volume":"188","author":"Lovett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0061","first-page":"7","article-title":"Performance and application of atmospheric heavy metal analyzer","volume":"1","author":"Luan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2022.04.026","article-title":"Fine particulate matter and cardiorespiratory health in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies","volume":"123","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7017","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c06905","article-title":"Nontarget screening exhibits a seasonal cycle of PM2.5 organic aerosol composition in Beijing","volume":"56","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114023","article-title":"Deposition potential of 0.003\u201310 \u00b5m ambient particles in the humidified human respiratory tract: contribution of new particle formation events in Beijing","volume":"243","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2023GL106183","article-title":"Regime-dependence of nocturnal nitrate formation via N2O5 hydrolysis and its implication for mitigating nitrate pollution","volume":"50","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18062789","article-title":"The relative contributions of different chemical components to the oxidative potential of ambient fine particles in Nanjing area","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164062","article-title":"Variations of PM2.5-bound elements and their associated effects during long-distance transport of dust storms: insights from multi-sites observations","volume":"889","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.013","article-title":"Impact of air pollution on ischemic heart disease: evidence, mechanisms, clinical perspectives","volume":"366","author":"Montone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6634","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06634","article-title":"Polluted dust promotes new particle formation and growth","volume":"4","author":"Nie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182126580","article-title":"Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and the risk of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"22","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0071","first-page":"854","article-title":"The multilinear engine\u2014a table-driven, least squares program for solving multilinear problems, including then-way parallel factor analysis model","volume":"8","author":"Paatero","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Comput. Graph. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/env.3170050203","article-title":"Positive matrix factorization: a non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values","volume":"5","author":"Paatero","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environmetrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2021.101295","article-title":"Composition, sources, and health risk assessment of particulate matter at two different elevations in Delhi city","volume":"13","author":"Priyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14605","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c02730","article-title":"Effect of biomass burning, Diwali fireworks, and polluted fog events on the oxidative potential of fine ambient particulate matter in Delhi, India","volume":"56","author":"Puthussery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0075","first-page":"1617","article-title":"Are Delhi residents exposed to lesser particle number concentration due to the firework ban in the city?","volume":"17","author":"Rajagopal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0076","article-title":"Particulate matter and black carbon exposure in Seoul subway: implications for human health risk","volume":"95","author":"Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2015.12.006","article-title":"Surface area is the biologically most effective dose metric for acute nanoparticle toxicity in the lung","volume":"99","author":"Schmid","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-2573-2018","article-title":"Characteristics and source apportionment of fine haze aerosol in Beijing during the winter of 2013","volume":"18","author":"Shang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0079","first-page":"625","article-title":"Air pollution characteristics and health risks in Henan province, China","volume":"156","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17795","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c02788","article-title":"Aerosol oxidative potential in the Greater Los Angeles Area: source apportionment and associations with socioeconomic position","volume":"56","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8241","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-8241-2023","article-title":"Characterization of dust-related new particle formation events based on long-term measurement in the North China Plain","volume":"23","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32656-8","article-title":"Co-benefits of CO2 emission reduction from China\u2019s clean air actions between 2013 and 2020","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0083","first-page":"E412","article-title":"Pollutional haze as a potential cause of lung cancer","volume":"7","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171128","article-title":"Atmospheric environment characteristic of severe dust storms and its impact on sulfate formation in downstream city","volume":"922","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106162","article-title":"Source-specific risks of synchronous heavy metals and PAHs in inhalable particles at different pollution levels: variations and health risks during heavy pollution","volume":"146","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c04587","article-title":"Molecular understanding of the enhancement in organic aerosol mass at high relative humidity","volume":"57","author":"Surdu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.04.071","article-title":"Impact of New Year's Eve fireworks on the size resolved element distributions in airborne particles","volume":"182","author":"Tandaa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09666-9","article-title":"Oxidative potential of atmospheric particles in Europe and exposure scenarios","volume":"647","author":"Tassel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33724","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3253-y","article-title":"Submicron particle number doses in the human respiratory tract: implications for urban traffic and background environments","volume":"25","author":"Voliotis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-015-0365-0","article-title":"A review of hygroscopic growth factors of submicron aerosols from different sources and its implication for calculation of lung deposition efficiency of ambient aerosols","volume":"8","author":"Vu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22091-6","article-title":"Sulfate formation is dominated by manganese-catalyzed oxidation of SO2 on aerosol surfaces during haze events","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b05468","article-title":"Impacts of sources on PM2.5 oxidation potential during and after the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference in Huairou, Beijing","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2020.118068","article-title":"Theoretical insight into the oxidation mechanism of NO2 and SO2 on TiO2 surface: the role of H2O, NH3 and SO42\u2013","volume":"246","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0094","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization), 2021. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Available at: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/345329. Accessed December 23, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.04.008","article-title":"Chemical characteristics of haze particles in Xi'an during Chinese Spring Festival: impact of fireworks burning","volume":"71","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2020.04.0150","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 event on air quality in Central China","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.294","article-title":"Nitrate dominates the chemical composition of PM2.5 during haze event in Beijing, China","volume":"689","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.138547","article-title":"Abundance, solubilities and sources of PM2.5-associated hazardous elements in the megacity of Beijing, China","volume":"494","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6950","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34250-4","article-title":"Estimation of stillbirths attributable to ambient fine particles in 137 countries","volume":"13","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106684","article-title":"Comparison of indoor and outdoor oxidative potential of PM2.5: pollution levels, temporal patterns, and key constituents","volume":"155","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.12.110","article-title":"Impacts of firecracker burning on aerosol chemical characteristics and human health risk levels during the Chinese New Year Celebration in Jinan, China","volume":"476\u2013477","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.08.211","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are associated with increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during haze events in China","volume":"574","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134745","article-title":"Mixed and intensive haze pollution during the transition period between autumn and winter in Beijing, China","volume":"711","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.01.037","article-title":"The effects of firework regulation on air quality and public health during the Chinese Spring Festival from 2013 to 2017 in a Chinese megacity","volume":"126","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129669","article-title":"Towards understanding respiratory particle transport and deposition in the human respiratory system: effects of physiological conditions and particle properties","volume":"439","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.10.212","article-title":"Influence of fireworks displays on the chemical characteristics of PM2.5 in rural and suburban areas in Central and East China","volume":"578","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2022.106033","article-title":"Vertical dispersion mechanism of long-range transported dust in Beijing: effects of atmospheric turbulence","volume":"269","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1907956116","article-title":"Drivers of improved PM2.5 air quality in China from 2013 to 2017","volume":"116","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.12.031","article-title":"Secondary inorganic aerosols formation during haze episodes at an urban site in Beijing, China","volume":"177","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177296","article-title":"Dust event identification and characterization with one-year online observations in Beijing","volume":"956","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-2969-2015","article-title":"Exploring the severe winter haze in Beijing: the impact of synoptic weather, regional transport and heterogeneous reactions","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5025616","article-title":"Study on the effects of dust particle size and respiratory intensity on the pattern of respiratory particle deposition in humans","volume":"2024","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-2049-2018","article-title":"High-resolution sampling and analysis of ambient particulate matter in the Pearl River Delta region of southern China: source apportionment and health risk implications","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-1201-2020","article-title":"Variation of size-segregated particle number concentrations in wintertime Beijing","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074226001294?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1001074226001294?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:23:19Z","timestamp":1790871799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1001074226001294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["S1001074226001294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["1001-0742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1001-0742","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative analysis of multiple health risks from different air pollution events","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Environmental Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jes.2026.02.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}