{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T09:39:50Z","timestamp":1769161190546,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T12:45:48Z","timestamp":1617885948000},"page":"103463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Rider Energy Expenditure During High Intensity Horse Activity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9948-9410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen","family":"O'Reilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8052-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Zoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Sigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Vogelsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2669-0567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Fluckey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(03)00179-8","article-title":"Associations between recommended levels of physical activity and health-related quality of life. Findings from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey","volume":"37","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.10.1238","article-title":"Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000","volume":"291","author":"Mokdad","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318213fefb","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise","volume":"43","author":"Garber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430170057028","article-title":"Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Healthy Men and Women","volume":"262","author":"Blair","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198603050-00004","article-title":"The interactions of intensity, frequency and duration of exercise training in altering cardiorespiratory fitness","volume":"3","author":"Wenger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0006","unstructured":"Economics \u2013 American Horse Council n.d. https:\/\/www.horsecouncil.org\/resources\/economics\/ [accessed 25.09.20]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000207","article-title":"Energy expenditure of horse riding","volume":"82","author":"Devienne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755254010000012","article-title":"A comparison of the metabolic cost of the three phases of the one-day event in female collegiate riders","volume":"6","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comp Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00423243","article-title":"A study of physical demands in riding","volume":"50","author":"Westerling","year":"1983","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2008.11868437","article-title":"A heart rate analysis of the cardiovascular demands of elite level competitive polo","volume":"8","author":"Wright","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Perform Anal Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.12.025","article-title":"Cortisol release, heart rate and heart rate variability in the horse and its rider: Different responses to training and performance","volume":"197","author":"von Lewinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3920\/CEP12003","article-title":"A systematic review of physical fitness, physiological demands and biomechanical performance in equestrian athletes","volume":"8","author":"Douglas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comp Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0013","first-page":"131","article-title":"Physical, hematological, and exercise response of collegiate female equestrian athletes","volume":"40","author":"Meyers","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1294\/jes.11.83","article-title":"Comparison of head movement and EMG activity of muscles between advanced and novice horseback riders at different gaits","volume":"11","author":"TERADA","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Equine Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237727","article-title":"Muscle modes of the equestrian rider at walk, rising trot and canter","volume":"15","author":"Elmeua Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0016","unstructured":"National Reining Horse Association. National Reining Horse Association Patterns. 2013th ed. Oklahoma City, OK: NRHA.com; n.d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9292","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009292","article-title":"Comparison of the cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic system in measuring steady-state walking energy expenditure","volume":"5","author":"Schrack","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-445","article-title":"Sex differences in cardiovascular function during submaximal exercise in humans","volume":"3","author":"Wheatley","year":"2014","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.26.1.33","article-title":"Casas Vaque I. A comparative study of the metabolic effort expended by horse riders during a jumping competition","volume":"26","author":"Gutierrez Rincon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2020.1764747","article-title":"Oxygen uptake, heart rate and blood lactate levels in female horseback riders during the obstacle test track","volume":"20","author":"Hyttinen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Perform Anal Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S498","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009001-00009","article-title":"Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities","volume":"32","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12","article-title":"Compendium of physical activities: a second update of codes and MET values","volume":"43","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001430","article-title":"A youth compendium of physical activities: activity codes and metabolic intensities","volume":"50","author":"Butte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1079\/ECP200444","article-title":"A preliminary investigation of rider position during walk, trot and canter","volume":"2","author":"Lovett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Equine Comp Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3840601","article-title":"The effects of competition and competitiveness on cardiovascular activity","volume":"38","author":"Harrison","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0026","first-page":"295","article-title":"A comparison of heart rate methods for predicting endurance training intensity","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"1975","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00672.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training","volume":"6","author":"Hellsten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410470001730089","article-title":"Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate monitoring during submaximal exercise","volume":"23","author":"Keytel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1079\/ECP200420","article-title":"Electromyographic analysis of the rider's muscles at trot","volume":"1","author":"Terada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Equine Comp Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70349-7","article-title":"Energy expenditure, physical activity, and obesity in children","volume":"48","author":"Goran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/56.5.848","article-title":"Prediction of resting energy expenditure from fat-free mass and fat mass","volume":"56","author":"Nelson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/03091902.2016.1253795","article-title":"Validation of the Fitbit One, Garmin Vivofit and Jawbone UP activity tracker in estimation of energy expenditure during treadmill walking and running","volume":"41","author":"Price","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Eng Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173037","article-title":"Validity of wrist-worn activity trackers for estimating VO2max and energy expenditure","volume":"16","author":"Passler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659202000408","article-title":"Exercise performance of collegiate rodeo athletes","volume":"20","author":"Meyers","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0258-x","article-title":"Effect of equitation training on health and physical fitness of college females","volume":"98","author":"Meyers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200209000-00011","article-title":"Accumulating brisk walking for fitness, cardiovascular risk, and psychological health","volume":"34","author":"Murphy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051351","article-title":"Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence","volume":"174","author":"Warburton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cmaj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91005-Q","article-title":"Training effects of long versus short bouts of exercise in healthy subjects","volume":"65","author":"DeBusk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185649","article-title":"Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association","volume":"116","author":"Haskell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0737080621000939?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0737080621000939?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:49:53Z","timestamp":1760032193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0737080621000939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0737080621000939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463","relation":{},"ISSN":["0737-0806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0737-0806","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rider Energy Expenditure During High Intensity Horse Activity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2021.103463","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103463"}}