{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:15:22Z","timestamp":1787786122422,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T19:38:46Z","timestamp":1672429126000},"page":"104202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The Antinociceptive Effect of Magnesium Sulphate Administered in the Epidural Space in Standing Horses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Lavinia","family":"La Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Twele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Duchateau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Gasthuys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine BR","family":"K\u00e4stner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stijn","family":"Schauvliege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctep.2007.05.008","article-title":"Epidural and spinal anesthesia and analgesia in the equine","volume":"6","author":"Natalini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Tech Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2010.07.005","article-title":"Spinal anesthetics and analgesics in the horse","volume":"26","author":"Natalini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2010.12.009","article-title":"Magnesium disorders in horses","volume":"27","author":"Stewart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2016.09.002","article-title":"A quick reference on magnesium","volume":"47","author":"Bateman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199807000-00042","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate reduces intra-and postoperative analgesic requirements","volume":"87","author":"Koinig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/83.2.302","article-title":"Magnesium: physiology and pharmacology","volume":"83","author":"Fawcett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0007","first-page":"695","article-title":"Use of magnesium sulfate in anesthesiology","volume":"38","author":"\u0160irvinskas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318210483d","article-title":"Magnesium\u2013essentials for anesthesiologists","volume":"114","author":"Herroeder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2926404","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate as adjuvant in prehospital femoral nerve block for a patient with diaphysial femoral fracture: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2018","author":"Jebali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200209000-00031","article-title":"Intrathecal magnesium prolongs fentanyl analgesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"95","author":"Buvanendran","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2007.01263.x","article-title":"Combined intrathecal and epidural magnesium sulfate supplementation of spinal anesthesia to reduce post-operative analgesic requirements: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery","volume":"51","author":"Arcioni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem029","article-title":"Epidural magnesium reduces postoperative analgesic requirement","volume":"98","author":"Bilir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2012.07337.x","article-title":"The analgesic efficacy and safety of neuraxial magnesium sulphate: a quantitative review","volume":"68","author":"Albrecht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet064","article-title":"Effect of intrathecal magnesium in the presence or absence of local anesthetic with and without lipophilic opioids: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Morrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000232","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of 3 methods of intrathecal bupivacaine, bupivacaine-fentanyl, and bupivacaine-fentanyl-magnesium sulfate on sensory motor blocks and postoperative pain in patients undergoing lumbar disk herniation surgery","volume":"28","author":"Attari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0016","first-page":"830","article-title":"Antinociceptive potentiation and attenuation of tolerance by intrathecal co-infusion of magnesium sulfate and morphine in rats","volume":"86","author":"McCarthy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200004000-00025","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate potentiates morphine antinociception at the spinal level","volume":"90","author":"Kroin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200203000-00019","article-title":"Magnesium increases morphine analgesic effect in different experimental models of pain","volume":"96","author":"Begon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12211","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of epidural magnesium sulphate alone and in combination with morphine in dogs","volume":"42","author":"Bahrenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.11.017","article-title":"Addition of magnesium sulphate to ropivacaine for spinal analgesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy","volume":"209","author":"Adami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2016.11.016","article-title":"Combination of magnesium sulphate and ropivacaine epidural analgesia for hip arthroplasty in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Lardone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0022","first-page":"125","article-title":"Comparison of caudal epidural anaesthesia with lidocaine-distilled water and lidocaine magnesium sulfate combination in sheep","volume":"11","author":"Bigham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulg J Vet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2008.04.011","article-title":"Comparison of caudal epidural anesthesia with lidocaine-distilled water and lidocaine-MgSO4 mixture in horses","volume":"28","author":"Sadegh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.2.194","article-title":"Comparison of caudal epidural anesthesia by use of lidocaine versus a lidocaine\u2013magnesium sulfate combination in cattle","volume":"70","author":"Dehghani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-86502012000200007","article-title":"Lumbosacral epidural magnesium prolongs ketamine analgesia in conscious sheep","volume":"27","author":"DeRossi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Cir Bras"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2019.09.003","article-title":"Thermal, mechanical and electrical stimuli in antinociceptive studies in standing horses: an update","volume":"47","author":"Gozalo-Marcilla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2995.2003.00105.x","article-title":"A comparison of the antinociceptive effects of xylazine, detomidine and romifidine on experimental pain in horses","volume":"30","author":"Moens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00412.x","article-title":"Effects of acepromazine, butorphanol and buprenorphine on thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds in horses","volume":"44","author":"Love","year":"2012","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12483","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of methadone combined with detomidine or acepromazine in horses","volume":"48","author":"Lopes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.03.009","article-title":"Sedative and antinociceptive effects of different combinations of detomidine and methadone in standing horses","volume":"44","author":"Gozalo-Marcilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12332","article-title":"Validation of mechanical, electrical and thermal nociceptive stimulation methods in horses","volume":"47","author":"Luna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104103","article-title":"The effects of a single intravenous bolus of magnesium sulphate on physiological parameters, plasma concentrations of magnesium and nociceptive threshold tests in standing horses","volume":"118","author":"La Rosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2008.00420.x","article-title":"Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in Shetland ponies using constant current or constant voltage electrical stimulation","volume":"36","author":"Levionnois","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.03.031","article-title":"Magnesium and the inflammatory response: potential physiopathological implications","volume":"458","author":"Mazur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2016.06.002","article-title":"Use of atypical analgesics by intravenous infusion (IV) for acute pain: evidence base for lidocaine, ketamine and magnesium","volume":"17","author":"Vanstone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2016.11.007","article-title":"Intravenous magnesium in the management of postoperative pain","volume":"32","author":"Castro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J PeriAnesth Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S136742","article-title":"Magnesium deficiency and increased inflammation: current perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Nielsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01514-X","article-title":"Animal models of nociception","volume":"53","author":"Le Bars","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2006.00331.x","article-title":"Effects of buprenorphine, carprofen and saline on thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds in cats","volume":"34","author":"Steagall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90100-C","article-title":"The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor activation; implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states","volume":"44","author":"Woolf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030","article-title":"Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain","volume":"152","author":"Woolf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1006\/smns.1994.1012","article-title":"The mechanism of magnesium block of NMDA receptors","volume":"2","author":"Ruppersberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Seminars Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199412000-00025","article-title":"Intrathecal magnesium sulfate protects the spinal cord from ischemic injury during thoracic aortic cross-clamping","volume":"81","author":"Simpson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1916.02590160009004","article-title":"Anesthesia in human beings by intravenous injection of magnesium sulphate","volume":"67","author":"Peck","year":"1916","journal-title":"J Am Med Associat"}],"container-title":["Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0737080622003380?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0737080622003380?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:54:21Z","timestamp":1760032461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0737080622003380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0737080622003380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0737-0806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0737-0806","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Antinociceptive Effect of Magnesium Sulphate Administered in the Epidural Space in Standing Horses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104202","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104202"}}