{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T21:44:11Z","timestamp":1755035051007,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T08:29:09Z","timestamp":1731572949000},"page":"105231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Plasma alpha-fetoprotein in neonatal foals affected by prematurity, sepsis and neonatal encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9828-4317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Lanci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4788-7986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Ellero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5533-7637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Castagnetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Perina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8259-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Dondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mariella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3109\/00365515609049266","article-title":"Demonstration of a new protein fraction in serum from the human fetus","volume":"8","author":"Bergstrand","year":"1956","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0002","first-page":"417","article-title":"Measurement and clinical significance of equine fetal protein in pregnant mares serum","volume":"10","author":"Sorensen","year":"1990","journal-title":"JEVS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.08.006","article-title":"Equine alpha-fetoprotein levels in Lipizzaner mares with normal pregnancies and with pregnancy loss","volume":"84","author":"Vincze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0004","series-title":"Reproduction in domestic animals","first-page":"57","article-title":"Serum equine alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels as an indicator of twin pregnancy in the mare","author":"Vincze","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0005","series-title":"Proceedings of the theriogenology annual conference","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein as a marker for equine neonatal disease","author":"Prell","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.08.026","article-title":"Assessment of equine alpha-fetoprotein levels in mares and newborn foals in the periparturient period","volume":"122","author":"Vincze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.09.025","article-title":"Assessment of peripheral markers and ultrasonographic parameters in pregnant mares receiving intramuscular or intrauterine cloprostenol","volume":"142","author":"Podico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0008","article-title":"Alterations of circulating biomarkers during late term pregnancy complications in the horse Part II: steroid hormones and alpha-fetoprotein","volume":"99","author":"Fedorka","year":"2021","journal-title":"JEVS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0009","article-title":"High-risk pregnancy is associated with increased alpha-fetoprotein concentrations in the amniotic fluid and foal plasma","volume":"119","author":"Lanci","year":"2022","journal-title":"JEVS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1042","article-title":"Markers for internal neoplasia in the horse","volume":"9","author":"Drozdzewska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0011","first-page":"1928","article-title":"Equine alpha-fetoprotein levels in thoroughbred mares with normal and pathological pregnancies","volume":"51","author":"Kurban","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Sci Vet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.12.019","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein is present in the fetal fluids and is increased in plasma of mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis","volume":"154","author":"Canisso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.01.073","article-title":"Biomarkers for placental disease in mares","volume":"150","author":"Canisso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104710","article-title":"Peripheral blood markers of sepsis in foals born from mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis","volume":"187","author":"Borba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21760","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)88249-0","article-title":"The vitamin D-binding protein, \u03b1-fetoprotein, albumin multigene family: detection of transcripts in multiple tissues","volume":"264","author":"McLeod","year":"1989","journal-title":"JBC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0016","first-page":"979","article-title":"Synthesis of \u03b1-fetoprotein by liver, yolk sac, and gastrointestinal tract of the human conceptus","volume":"32","author":"Gitlin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.01.028","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in animal reproduction","volume":"123","author":"Rizzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0018","first-page":"111","article-title":"Mid-trimester maternal serum AFP and hCG as markers of preterm and term adverse pregnancy outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Tancr\u00e8de","year":"2015","journal-title":"JOGC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2013.09.003","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein, a fascinating protein and biomarker in neurology","volume":"18","author":"Schieving","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0020","first-page":"351","article-title":"A prospective case-control study of biomarkers for fetoplacental well-being in the mares","volume":"62","author":"Wynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01445.x","article-title":"Development of a scoring system for the early diagnosis of equine neonatal sepsis","volume":"20","author":"Brewer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0022","series-title":"Equine clinical neonatology","first-page":"769","article-title":"Management of the intensive care unit: levels of care, quality control and care after discharge","author":"Koterba","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30376-0","article-title":"Management strategies for mares at risk for periparturient complications","volume":"10","author":"Vaala","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.06.009","article-title":"Activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 in amniotic fluid at parturition in mares with normal and high-risk pregnancy","volume":"172","author":"Ellero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.1999.tb00918.x","article-title":"Normal parturition and evaluation of the mare in dystocia","volume":"11","author":"Frazer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12121486","article-title":"Dystocia in the Standardbred mare: a retrospective study from 2004 to 2020","volume":"12","author":"Lanci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0027","series-title":"Equine reproduction","first-page":"5","article-title":"Identification of the high-risk pregnancy","author":"Santschi","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0028","series-title":"Equine Neonatology Medicine and Surgery","first-page":"155","author":"Knottenbelt","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2015.09.001","article-title":"Sepsis and septic shock in the equine neonate","volume":"31","author":"Fielding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2015.08.001","article-title":"Defining the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in equine neonates","volume":"31","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.06.003","article-title":"Thyroid hormone concentrations in foals affected by perinatal asphyxia syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Pirrone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9090459","article-title":"Study on NGF and VEGF during the equine perinatal period\u2014Part 2: foals affected by neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"9","author":"Ellero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0033","series-title":"Large animal internal medicine","first-page":"277","article-title":"Initial management and physical examination of the neonate","author":"Vaala","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0034","first-page":"1","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and inflammation: is AFP an acute and\/or chronic phase reactant","volume":"3","author":"Mizejewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"JHTD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0850177","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein can regulate growth in the uterus of the immature and adult ovariectomized mouse","volume":"85","author":"Mizejewski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod42.6.887","article-title":"Separation of the estrogen-activated growth-regulatory forms of alpha-fetoprotein in mouse amniotic fluid","volume":"42","author":"Mizejewski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0037","first-page":"415","article-title":"Inhibition of estrogen-dependent breast cancer growth by a reaction product of \u03b1-fetoprotein and estradiol","volume":"50","author":"Jacobson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-1-217","article-title":"Synergistic action of purified \u03b1-fetoprotein and growth factors on the proliferation of porcine granulosa cells in monolayer culture","volume":"129","author":"Keel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020122600503","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein structure and function: relevance to isoforms, epitopes, and conformational variants","volume":"226","author":"Mizejewski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0040","series-title":"Seminars in fetal and neonatal medicine","first-page":"36","article-title":"Proteomics\/diagnosis of chorioamnionitis and of relationships with the fetal exposome","author":"Buhimschi","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0041","unstructured":"Wong D. An update on sepsis, septic shock, and biomarkers. Proceedings of the European college of equine internal medicine annual conference 2023, 27-28 October 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910470120","article-title":"Receptor-mediated endocytosis and recycling of alpha-fetoprotein in human B-lymphoma and T-leukemia cells","volume":"47","author":"Torres","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(00)00104-7","article-title":"Structure and function of \u03b1-fetoprotein: a biophysical overview","volume":"1480","author":"Gillespie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Protein Struct Mol Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01960.x","article-title":"Suppression by alpha-fetoprotein of murine natural killer cell activity stimulated in vitro and in vivo by interferon and interleukin 2","volume":"23","author":"Cohen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.3.1134","article-title":"Cellular and genetic restrictions in the immunoregulatory activity of alpha-fetoprotein. III. Role of the MLC-stimulating cell population in alpha-fetoprotein-induced suppression of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity","volume":"128","author":"Peck","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1978.tb03950.x","article-title":"The effect of alpha-fetoprotein on the immune response: diminution of the phagocytosis capacity of macrophages cultured in vitro in the presence of mouse amniotic fluid or alpha-fetoprotein","volume":"8","author":"Olinescu","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.004","article-title":"Equine neonatal encephalopathy: facts, evidence, and opinions","volume":"35","author":"Toribio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-217-44238","article-title":"Flavonoids inhibit estrogen binding to rat alpha-fetoprotein","volume":"217","author":"Baker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99421","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099421","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein, identified as a novel marker for the antioxidant effect of placental extract, exhibits synergistic antioxidant activity in the presence of estradiol","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2004.06.020","article-title":"Alpha-fetoprotein in the early neonatal period - a large study and review of the literature","volume":"349","author":"Bader","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0051","first-page":"69","article-title":"Hematological and blood biochemical characteristics of newborn heavy draft foals after dystocia","volume":"50","author":"Chiba","year":"2017","journal-title":"JEVS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12070861","article-title":"Hepatic enzyme profile in horses","volume":"12","author":"Satu\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13062","article-title":"Serum amyloid A in equine health and disease","volume":"51","author":"Witkowska-Pi\u0142aszewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0737080624002375?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0737080624002375?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T17:15:55Z","timestamp":1736442955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0737080624002375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0737080624002375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231","relation":{},"ISSN":["0737-0806"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0737-0806"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plasma alpha-fetoprotein in neonatal foals affected by prematurity, sepsis and neonatal encephalopathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jevs.2024.105231","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105231"}}