{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:04:24Z","timestamp":1773306264347,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,12]],"date-time":"2008-03-12T15:56:11Z","timestamp":1205337371000},"page":"415-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Conditions and circumstances predisposing to death from positional asphyxia in adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Roger W.","family":"Byard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regula","family":"Wick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.08.003","article-title":"The pathological features and circumstances of death of lethal crush\/traumatic asphyxia in adults \u2013 a twenty-five year study","volume":"159","author":"Byard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2005.05.008","article-title":"The brassiere \u2018sign\u2019 \u2013 a distinctive marker in crush asphyxia","volume":"12","author":"Byard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Forensic Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib3","unstructured":"Byard RW, Cains G. Lethal asphyxia \u2013 pathology and problems. Min Minerv in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib4","first-page":"1444","article-title":"Mechanism of unexpected and\/or sudden death in Lafora disease","volume":"3","author":"Wick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000083226.41296.ce","article-title":"Positional asphyxia: reflection on 2 cases","volume":"24","author":"Belviso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199206000-00004","article-title":"Positional asphyxiation in adults. A series of 30 cases from the Dade and Broward County Florida Medical Examiner Offices from 1982 to 1990","volume":"13","author":"Bell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.05.016","article-title":"Death due to positional asphyxia under severe alcoholisation: pathophysiologic and forensic considerations","volume":"149","author":"Padosch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2000.00450.x","article-title":"Accidental asphyxia in bed in severely disabled children","volume":"3","author":"Amanuel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.71.6.497","article-title":"Potentially dangerous sleeping environments and accidental asphyxia in infancy and early childhood","volume":"71","author":"Byard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s100240010089","article-title":"Accidental childhood death and the role of the pathologist","volume":"3","author":"Byard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Develop Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1992.tb14984.x","article-title":"Positional asphyxia in individuals with severe cerebral palsy","volume":"34","author":"Brogan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1225-a","article-title":"Positional asphyxia from paroxitine","volume":"162","author":"Malik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib13","series-title":"Knight\u2019s forensic pathology","first-page":"352","article-title":"Suffocation and \u2018asphyxia\u2019","author":"Saukko","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199906000-00002","article-title":"An experimental study of death in a reverse suspension","volume":"20","author":"Uchigasaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.09.093","article-title":"Forensic aspects of 40 accidental autoerotic deaths in Northern Germany","volume":"147","author":"Janssen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(90)90103-6","article-title":"A comparison of typical death scene features in cases of fatal male and female autoerotic asphyxia with a review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Byard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199103000-00013","article-title":"Autoerotic death. A definition","volume":"12","author":"Byard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370110077025","article-title":"On the physical death of Jesus Christ","volume":"255","author":"Edwards","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib19","first-page":"938","article-title":"The history and pathology of crucifixion","volume":"93","author":"Retief","year":"2003","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199206000-00002","article-title":"Positional asphyxia during law enforcement transport","volume":"13","author":"Reay","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(97)70072-6","article-title":"Restraint position and positional asphyxIa","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199809000-00001","article-title":"Reexamination of custody restraint position and positional asphyxia","volume":"19","author":"Chan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7116.1107","article-title":"Acute excited states and sudden death","volume":"315","author":"Farnham","year":"1997","journal-title":"But Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.01.012","article-title":"Positional asphyxia: inadequate oxygen, or inadequate theory?","volume":"141","author":"Glatter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X08000115?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X08000115?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:02:57Z","timestamp":1761696177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X08000115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1752928X08000115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Conditions and circumstances predisposing to death from positional asphyxia in adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.01.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Ltd and FFLM. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}