{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T05:45:53Z","timestamp":1761716753006,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,9]],"date-time":"2009-01-09T05:01:38Z","timestamp":1231477298000},"page":"233-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Forensic considerations of pregnancy-related maternal deaths: An overview"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"B.R.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"1992","series-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision","author":"World Health Organization","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000136445.54246.10","article-title":"Pregnancy related maternal deaths","volume":"25","author":"Prahlow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pregnancy related mortality surveillance: United States, 1991\u20131999","volume":"52","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib4","unstructured":"AbouZahr C, Wardlaw T. Maternal mortality in 2000: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA. <http:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductive-health\/publications\/btn\/text.pdf> [last accessed March 2008]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib5","series-title":"Autopsy performance and reporting","first-page":"135","article-title":"Maternal autopsy","author":"Schandl","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib6","unstructured":"Center for disease control and prevention improve the health and well-being of women, infants, children, and families. <http:\/\/www.healthypeople.gov\/document\/html\/volume2\/16mich.htm> [last accessed March 2008]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib7","unstructured":"Childbirth kills one woman every 7 minutes. Science; 2007, March 10 <http:\/\/www.int.iol.co.za\/index.php?art_id=nw20070310114142122C598516&set_id=1&click_id=31&sf> [last accessed March 2008]."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib8","first-page":"427","article-title":"Maternal mortality: a global perspective","volume":"46","author":"Ghosh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"year":"2005","series-title":"World health report 2005. Make every mother and child count","author":"World Health Organization","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib10","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Data definitions. Maternal death. Centers for disease control and prevention; 2004 <http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/datawh\/nchsdefs\/maternaldeath.htm> [last accessed March 2008]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000203154.50648.33","article-title":"Pregnancy associated deaths: a 15-year retrospective study and overall review of maternal pathophysiology","volume":"27","author":"Christiansen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1054\/midw.2001.0254","article-title":"Addressing domestic violence through maternity service policy and practice","volume":"17","author":"Marchant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.3.717","article-title":"Reasons for the underreporting of maternal mortality in France, as indicated by a survey of all deaths among women of childbearing age","volume":"20","author":"Bouvier-Colle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"year":"1994","series-title":"Confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom, 1988\u20131990","author":"Hibbard","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib14"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.74.8.780","article-title":"An assessment of the incidence of maternal mortality in the United States","volume":"74","author":"Smith","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Pub Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(92)90902-U","article-title":"Risk factors for maternal mortality: results of a case-control study conducted in Conakry (Guinea)","volume":"39","author":"Thonneau","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib17","series-title":"National maternal mortality study: findings and conclusions, Egypt, 1992\u20131993","article-title":"National maternal mortality study child survival project, in cooperation with USAID, Egypt","author":"Campbell","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib18","first-page":"7","article-title":"Epidemiology of maternal mortality in Addis Ababa: a community-based study","volume":"23","author":"Kwast","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ethiopian Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2307\/1966567","article-title":"Indirect estimation of maternal mortality: the sisterhood method","volume":"20","author":"Graham","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stud Family Plann"},{"year":"1991","series-title":"Direct and indirect estimates of maternal mortality from the sisterhood method","author":"Rutenberg","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib20"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib21","unstructured":"Stanton C, Abderrahim N, Hill K. DHS maternal mortality indicators: an assessment of data quality and implications for data use. Demographic and health surveys analytical report no. 4. Calverton (MD). Macro International Inc.; 1997."},{"year":"1997","series-title":"The sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality: guidance notes for potential users","author":"WHO\/UNICEF","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib22"},{"year":"1987","series-title":"Studying maternal mortality in developing countries: a guidebook","author":"World Health Organization","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib23"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.604S","article-title":"An analysis of anemia and pregnancy-related maternal mortality","volume":"131","author":"Brabin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"8479","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92939-9","article-title":"Maternal mortality in Jamaica","volume":"1","author":"Walker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/19.3.599","article-title":"Identifying deaths in developing countries. Experiences from Jamaica","volume":"19","author":"Walker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7294.1089","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of severe obstetric morbidity: case control study","volume":"322","author":"Waterstone","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib28","first-page":"141","article-title":"Maternal deaths in developing countries: A preventable tragedy","volume":"15","author":"Kvale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nor Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90226-7","article-title":"Too far to walk: maternal mortality in context","volume":"38","author":"Thaddeus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.1996.tb00099.x","article-title":"Maternal mortality in the main referral hospital in The Gambia, West Africa","volume":"1","author":"Hoestermann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/12.1.50","article-title":"Operational factors affecting maternal mortality in Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"Urassa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib32","first-page":"S259","article-title":"Lessons for program design from the PMM projects","volume":"59","author":"Maine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.07.002","article-title":"Complicated deliveries, critical care and quality in emergency obstetric care in Northern Tanzania","volume":"87","author":"Olsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czi022","article-title":"Availability, distribution and use of emergency obstetric care in northern Tanzania","volume":"20","author":"Olsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib35","first-page":"3","article-title":"Human resources for emergency obstetric care in northern Tanzania: distribution of quantity or quality?","volume":"29","author":"Olsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"year":"1991","series-title":"Essential elements of obstetric care at first referral level","author":"WHO","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib36"},{"year":"2004","series-title":"Making pregnancy safer: the critical role of the skilled attendant. A joint statement by WHO, ICM and FIGO","author":"WHO","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib37"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib38","unstructured":"WHO. The prevention and management of unsafe abortion. Report of a technical working group, Geneva, 12\u201315 April 1992, WHO\/MSM\/92.5; 1992."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib39","first-page":"267","article-title":"Unsafe abortion and ectopic pregnancy","volume":"vol. III","author":"AbouZahr","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02349-7","article-title":"Diagnostic errors in three medical eras: a necropsy study","volume":"355","author":"Sonderegger-Iseli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"year":"1995","series-title":"Verbal autopsies for maternal deaths","author":"World Health Organization","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005_bib41"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X08002436?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X08002436?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:04:09Z","timestamp":1761696249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X08002436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1752928X08002436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1752-928X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Forensic considerations of pregnancy-related maternal deaths: An overview","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.12.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}