{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:50:15Z","timestamp":1772121015054,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,16]],"date-time":"2009-08-16T04:24:48Z","timestamp":1250396688000},"page":"57-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Fatal carbamazepine induced fulminant eosinophilic (hypersensitivity) myocarditis: Emphasis on anatomical and histological characteristics, mechanisms and genetics of drug hypersensitivity and differential diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nebojsa","family":"Arsenovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loraine","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200204030-00004","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pediatric myocarditis","volume":"4","author":"Bohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib2","first-page":"100","article-title":"Diagnosis and medical treatment of inflammatory cardiomyopathy","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011093431908","article-title":"Myocarditis","volume":"19","author":"Feldman","year":"2000","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(80)90659-1","article-title":"Fungal infection of the heart: analysis of 51 autopsy cases","volume":"45","author":"Walsh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979609","article-title":"Carbamazepine clinical pharmacology: a review","author":"Albani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03259906","article-title":"Carbamazepine toxicity and poisoning. Incidence, clinical features and management","author":"Durelli","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med Toxicol Adv Drug Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib7","series-title":"Cardiovascular pathology","article-title":"Effects of drugs on the cardiovascular system","author":"Fenoglio","year":"1991"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib8","first-page":"764","article-title":"Hypersensitivity myocarditis","volume":"115","author":"Burke","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib9","series-title":"Diagnostic criteria for cardiovascular pathology","article-title":"Hypersensitivity myocarditis, drug-related","author":"Bell","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib10","series-title":"Cardiovascular pathology","article-title":"Myocarditis","author":"Winters","year":"2001"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(01)00313-8","article-title":"Hypersensitivity myocarditis presenting as cardiogenic shock","volume":"20","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.65.923","article-title":"Acute necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis successfully treated by high dose methyl prednisolon","volume":"65","author":"Nozomi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib13","series-title":"Cardiovascular pathology","first-page":"220","article-title":"Endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of heart diseases","author":"Virmani","year":"1991"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.4065\/78.11.1431-a","article-title":"Acute myocarditis associated with tetanus vaccination","volume":"78","author":"Dilber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102440","article-title":"Hypersensitivity myocarditis associated with ephedra use","volume":"37","author":"Zaacks","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.5.1703","article-title":"Clozapine-induced hypersensitivity myocarditis","volume":"126","author":"Pieroni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000117973.88429.BB","article-title":"Eosinophilic myocarditis in the explanted hearts of cardiac transplant recipients: interesting pathologic finding or pathophysiologic entity of clinical significance","volume":"32","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000114818.58877.06","article-title":"Eosinophilic myocarditis in patients awaiting heart transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Takkenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2004.09.016","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of T cell mediated drug hypersensitivity","volume":"16","author":"Gerber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.105712","article-title":"Mechanisms of eosinophil-associated inflammation","volume":"105","author":"Gleich","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2004.03.012","article-title":"Immune mechanism of drug hypersensitivity","volume":"24","author":"Pichler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200208000-00003","article-title":"Pharmacological interaction of drugs with antigen-specific immune receptors: the p-i concept","volume":"2","author":"Pichler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"9308","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07873-X","article-title":"Association between presence of HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DQ3 and hypersensitivity to HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor abacavir","volume":"359","author":"Mallal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6982","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/428486a","article-title":"Medical genetics: a marker for Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome","volume":"428","author":"Chung","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409500102","article-title":"HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol","volume":"102","author":"Hung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200501030-00014","article-title":"Predisposition to nevirapine hypersensitivity associated with HLA-DRB1*0101 and abrogated by low CD4 T-cell counts","volume":"19","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197501000-00001","article-title":"The hypereosinophilic syndrome: analysis of fourteen cases with review of the literature","volume":"54","author":"Chusid","year":"1975","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910073411503","article-title":"Abnormal clones of T cells producing interleukin-5 in idiopathic eosinophilia","volume":"341","author":"Simon","year":"1999","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.01999.x","article-title":"Immnuohistochemical differentiation of eosinophilic heart disease using antibodies against eosinophil activation markers","volume":"46","author":"Grabellus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(90)90039-S","article-title":"A novel experimental model of giant cell myocarditis induced in rats by immunization with cardiac myosin fraction","volume":"57","author":"Kodama","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.4.667","article-title":"Control mechanisms for physiological hypertrophy of pregnancy","volume":"94","author":"Mone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(86)80148-4","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy and sudden death","volume":"17","author":"Wagner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib33","series-title":"Forensic pathology","author":"Dominick","year":"2001"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703203361216","article-title":"Carbamazepine and fatal eosinophilic myocarditis","volume":"336","author":"Salzman","year":"1997","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X09001255?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X09001255?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:04:14Z","timestamp":1761696254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X09001255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1752928X09001255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.2637957.2301055","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fatal carbamazepine induced fulminant eosinophilic (hypersensitivity) myocarditis: Emphasis on anatomical and histological characteristics, mechanisms and genetics of drug hypersensitivity and differential diagnosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}