{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:10:55Z","timestamp":1789726255807,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]],"date-time":"2011-07-15T05:03:36Z","timestamp":1310706216000},"page":"332-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fatal bilateral pneumothoraces following administration of aerosolised pentamidine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alison","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beng Beng","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Administration of aerosol pentamidine: a program design","volume":"5","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199811000-00013","article-title":"Analysis of life-long strategies to prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with variable HIV progression rates","volume":"12","author":"Wynia","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440020081010","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of the relative efficacy and toxicity of Pneumocystis carinii prophylactic regimens","volume":"156","author":"Ioannidis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199706010-00002","article-title":"Meta-analysis of prophylactic treatments against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasma encephalitis in HIV-infected patients","volume":"15","author":"Bucher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib5","first-page":"123","article-title":"Risks and benefits of aerosolised pentamidine and cotrimoxazole in primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-1-infected patients: a two-year Italian multicentric randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Rizzardi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305273282102","article-title":"Dapsone-pyrimethamine compared with aerosolised pentamidine as primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in HIV infection","volume":"328","author":"Girard","year":"1993","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199301000-00009","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a randomized trial comparing cotrimoxazole, aerosolised pentamidine and dapsone plus pyrimethamine","volume":"7","author":"Mallolas","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199209000-00024","article-title":"Patient tolerance of nebulized pentamidine or cotrimoxazole as secondary prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"6","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199202000-00004","article-title":"Trimethoprim\u2013sulphamethoxazole appears more effective than aerosolised pentamidine as secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS","volume":"6","author":"Carr","year":"1992","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.1.79","article-title":"High incidence of bronchospasm with regular administration of aerosolised pentamidine","volume":"101","author":"Katzman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.3.624","article-title":"Aerosol pentamidine-induced bronchoconstriction: predictive factors and preventative therapy","volume":"100","author":"Quieffin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199009203231201","article-title":"Aerosolised pentamidine for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"323","author":"Leoung","year":"1990","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01710531","article-title":"Aerosolised pentamidine versus i.v. pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"21","author":"Lidman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212243272603","article-title":"A\u00a0controlled trial of aerosolised pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfamthoxazole as primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"327","author":"Schneider","year":"1992","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199210000-00017","article-title":"Oral dapsone versus nebulized pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis: an open randomized prospective trial to assess efficacy and haematological toxicity","volume":"6","author":"Slavin","year":"1992","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib16","series-title":"Australian medicines handbook","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.98.4.907","article-title":"Acute pulmonary effects of aerosolised pentamidine. A randomized controlled study","volume":"98","author":"Chan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.6.1983","article-title":"The pulmonary effects of long-term exposure to aerosol pentamidine: a 5-year surveillance study in HIV-infected patients","volume":"123","author":"Obaji","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1089\/jam.1996.9.241","article-title":"Lack of desensitization to aerosol pentamidine with long-term use","volume":"9","author":"Rawji","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Aerosol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199307000-00006","article-title":"Prophylaxis of aerosolised pentamidine-induced bronchospasm: a symptom-based approach","volume":"306","author":"McSharry","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01704600","article-title":"Efficacy and effects of pulmonary function tests of weekly 600\u00a0mg aerosol pentamidine as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"20","author":"Ong","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199204000-00006","article-title":"Aerosolised pentamidine: a well-tolerated mode of prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in older children with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"11","author":"Orcutt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib23","first-page":"311","article-title":"Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"4","author":"Montgomery","year":"1989","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199211000-00015","article-title":"Bronchial responsiveness in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"6","author":"Ong","year":"1992","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249400500513","article-title":"The use of intravenous pentamidine as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection","volume":"5","author":"Schroeder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00006","article-title":"Prophylaxis for opportunist infections in patients with HIV infection","volume":"120","author":"Gallant","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199512000-00007","article-title":"Aerosolised pentamidine, cotrimoxazole and dapsone-pyrimethamine for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis","volume":"9","author":"Antinori","year":"1995","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199606010-00009","article-title":"Long-term administration of aerosolised pentamidine as primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants and children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"12","author":"Principi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.3.742","article-title":"Effects of long-term aerosol pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis on pulmonary function","volume":"114","author":"Wei","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.4.946","article-title":"AIDS-related spontaneous pneumothorax: risk factors and treatment","volume":"108","author":"Metersky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-6-455","article-title":"Pneumothorax in AIDS","volume":"114","author":"Sepkowitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.92.6.1009","article-title":"Smoking and the increased risk of contracting spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"92","author":"Bense","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib33","first-page":"19","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus: study of eight cases","volume":"2","author":"Valencia","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1159\/000196197","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii infections in HIV-infected hemophiliacs during aerosolised pentamidine prophylaxis","volume":"60","author":"Ewig","year":"1993","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90249-O","article-title":"Pneumothorax in pentamidine-treated haemophiliacs","volume":"337","author":"Cuthbert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.6.1317b","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothoraces in AIDS patients receiving aerosolised pentamidine","volume":"94","author":"Martinez","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09051006","article-title":"Effect on long-term primary aerosolised pentamidine prophylaxis on breakthrough Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"9","author":"Ewig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400190032008","article-title":"Atypical roentgenographic manifestations of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"152","author":"Kennedy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.3.743","article-title":"A\u00a0randomised comparison of once-monthly or twice-monthly high-dose aerosolised pentamidine prophylaxis","volume":"104","author":"Golden","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib40","first-page":"96","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Safrin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390210123026","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with prophylactic aerosolised pentamidine","volume":"150","author":"Newsome","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.2.502","article-title":"Spontaneous pneumothorax in AIDS patients with recurrent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia despite aerosolised pentamidine prophylaxis","volume":"99","author":"Shanley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X11001302?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X11001302?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:05:16Z","timestamp":1761696316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X11001302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1752928X11001302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fatal bilateral pneumothoraces following administration of aerosolised pentamidine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown copyright \u00a9 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}