{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:59:54Z","timestamp":1784739594079,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,4]],"date-time":"2018-08-04T02:14:28Z","timestamp":1533348868000},"page":"30-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A comparison of four different imaging modalities \u2013 Conventional, cross polarized, infra-red and ultra-violet in the assessment of childhood bruising"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Trefan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8985-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2657-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Nuttall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.M.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.04.004","article-title":"Additional injuries in young infants with concern for abuse and apparently isolated bruises","volume":"165","author":"Harper","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-304339","article-title":"Bruising in children who are assessed for suspected physical abuse","volume":"99","author":"Kemp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3109\/17453054.2014.911152","article-title":"Guidelines for photography of cutaneous marks and injuries: a multi-professional perspective","volume":"37","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpem.2006.06.007","article-title":"Bruising and physical child abuse","volume":"7","author":"Kaczor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib5","first-page":"103","article-title":"Photography of faded or concealed bruises on human skin","volume":"63","author":"Baker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Forensic Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/01405110500104043","article-title":"The photography of bruises","volume":"28","author":"Tetley","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/17453050701767106","article-title":"Digital infrared and ultraviolet imaging Part 1: infrared","volume":"30","author":"Tetley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/17453050802195009","article-title":"Digital infrared and ultraviolet imaging Part 2: ultraviolet","volume":"31","author":"Tetley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1991.01680060074007","article-title":"Polarized light examination and photography of the skin","volume":"127","author":"Anderson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-010-0532-7","article-title":"Which is the preferred image modality for paediatricians when assessing photographs of bruises in children?","volume":"125","author":"Lawson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Leg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14321J","article-title":"Photography in bite mark and patterned injury documentation-part 1","volume":"43","author":"Wright","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22078","article-title":"The use of photography for recording blunt force injury","volume":"26","author":"Bernstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13339J","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and its role in wound pattern documentation","volume":"37","author":"West FDB","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199012000-00007","article-title":"Forensic photography: ultraviolet imaging of wounds on skin","volume":"11","author":"Barsley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.3.265","article-title":"Experience with wood lamp illumination and digital photography in the documentation of bruises on human skin","volume":"156","author":"Vogeley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-015-0053-2","article-title":"Examination of invisible injuries (UV radiation-induced fluorescence as a supplement to physical examination for blunt trauma injury)","volume":"25","author":"Glauche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.11.015","article-title":"Visualization of bruises in children: use of violet light to record long-term bruises","volume":"282","author":"Mimasaka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.12.020","article-title":"Optimising the measurement of bruises in children across conventional and cross polarized images using segmentation analysis techniques in Image J, Photoshop and circle diameter measurements","volume":"54","author":"Harris","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2012.01419.x","article-title":"A pilot study to measure marks in children with cerebral palsy using a novel measurement template","volume":"39","author":"Bennett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib21","first-page":"1009","article-title":"Changes in the fractal dimension, feret diameter, and lacunarity of mandibular alveolar bone during initial healing of dental implants","volume":"27","author":"\u00d6nem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2007.00256.x","article-title":"Derivation and clinical application of special imaging by means of digital cameras and Image J freeware for quantification of erythema and pigmentation","volume":"14","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-016-9813-x","article-title":"Validation of ultraviolet, infrared, and narrow band light alternate light sources for detection of bruises in pigskin model","volume":"12","author":"Olds","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-016-9822-9","article-title":"Validation of alternate light sources for detection of bruises in non-embalmed and embalmed cadavers","volume":"13","author":"Olds","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1988.01670060015008","article-title":"The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI","volume":"124","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS11963J","article-title":"The bite mark standard reference scale-ABFO No.2","volume":"33","author":"Hyzer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib28","first-page":"36","article-title":"Image processing with ImageJ","volume":"11","author":"Abramoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophot Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793351X07000123","article-title":"Object cut and paste in images and videos","volume":"1","author":"Friedland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Semantic Comput (IJSC)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib30","unstructured":"AATAP. ImageJ, National Instititutes of Health Plugins http:\/\/imagejdocu.tudor.lu\/doku.php?id=plugin:analysis:aatap:start#description2017 [cited 2017 16-May-2017]."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Elaboration d'un mod\u00e8le de d\u00e9formation pour la d\u00e9tection de contours aux formes complexes","volume":"18","author":"Boudier","year":"1997","journal-title":"Innov Techn Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib32","series-title":"The ImageJ User Guide - Version 1.44, Part V: 27.7","first-page":"137","author":"Ferreira","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib33","series-title":"Digital Image Processing","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib34","series-title":"Image Analysis for the Biological Science","author":"Glasbey","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib35","unstructured":"ImageJ vs. National Instititutes of Health Analyze Menu https:\/\/imagej.nih.gov\/ij\/docs\/guide\/146-30.html#sec:Analyze-Menu2012 [cited 2017 16-May-2017]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib36","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statitical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib37","series-title":"Practical Statistics for Medical Research","author":"Altman","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib38","series-title":"Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Siegel SC","year":"1988"},{"issue":"8476","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statitical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2015.015","article-title":"Understanding Bland Altman analysis","volume":"25","author":"Giavarina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1191\/026921598672178340","article-title":"Reliability of assessment of tools in rehabilitation: an illustration of appropriate statistical analyses","volume":"12","author":"Rankin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X18302415?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X18302415?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:12:58Z","timestamp":1761696778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X18302415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S1752928X18302415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A comparison of four different imaging modalities \u2013 Conventional, cross polarized, infra-red and ultra-violet in the assessment of childhood bruising","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.07.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}