{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T23:30:28Z","timestamp":1768519828303,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,11]],"date-time":"2018-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N00583X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N00583X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:21:07Z","timestamp":1536106867000},"page":"9-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The detection of significant fractures in suspected infant abuse"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Raynor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Konala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Freemont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1666-0","article-title":"The classic: multiple fractures in the long bones of infants suffering from chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"469","author":"Caffey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-009-1157-1","article-title":"Skeletal imaging of child abuse (non-accidental injury)","volume":"39","author":"Offiah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.146.5.895","article-title":"The metaphyseal lesion in abused infants: a radiologic-histopathologic study","volume":"146","author":"Kleinman","year":"1986","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.165.3.7645487","article-title":"Inflicted skeletal injury: a postmortem radiologic-histopathologic study in 31 infants","volume":"165","author":"Kleinman","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.155.4.2119097","article-title":"Diagnostic imaging in infant abuse","volume":"155","author":"Kleinman","year":"1990","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.150.3.635","article-title":"Factors affecting visualization of posterior rib fractures in abused infants","volume":"150","author":"Kleinman","year":"1988","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1414-5","article-title":"The radiographic approach to child abuse","volume":"469","author":"Dwek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2016.11.016","article-title":"Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. Part 1: initial considerations and appendicular skeleton","volume":"72","author":"Paddock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3064-3","article-title":"The yield of high-detail radiographic skeletal surveys in suspected infant abuse","volume":"45","author":"Barber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"Suppl4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3099-5","article-title":"Imaging of skeletal injuries associated with abusive head trauma","volume":"44","author":"Barber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-1035-2","article-title":"Birth-related mid-posterior rib fractures in neonates: a report of three cases (and a possible fourth case) and a review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"van Rijn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.234035030","article-title":"From the archives of the AFIP. Child abuse: radiologic-pathologic correlation","volume":"23","author":"Lonergan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-307533","article-title":"Guidelines for skeletal survey in young children with fractures","volume":"100","author":"Borg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-013-2813-z","article-title":"High-resolution CT with histopathological correlates of the classic metaphyseal lesion of infant abuse","volume":"44","author":"Tsai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.170431","article-title":"Which injuries may indicate child abuse?","volume":"95","author":"Maguire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1959","article-title":"Incidence of fractures attributable to abuse in young hospitalized children: results from analysis of a United States database","volume":"122","author":"Leventhal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib17","series-title":"Skeletal Surveys for Non-accidental Injury","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000068992.01030.A8","article-title":"The positive predictive value of rib fractures as an indicator of nonaccidental trauma in children","volume":"54","author":"Barsness","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576806101230","article-title":"The diagnosis of injury of bones and joints in young babies","volume":"61","author":"Lloyd-Roberts","year":"1968","journal-title":"Proc Roy Soc Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308418","article-title":"Imaging in suspected child abuse: necessity or radiation hazard?","volume":"100","author":"Bajaj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"9840","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60815-0","article-title":"Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"380","author":"Pearce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005425","article-title":"Cumulative radiation exposure and cancer risk estimation in children with heart disease","volume":"130","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3364","article-title":"Whole-body MRI in suspected infant abuse","volume":"195","author":"Perez-Rossello","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.5.387","article-title":"Complementary use of radiological skeletal survey and bone scintigraphy in detection of bony injuries in suspected child abuse","volume":"88","author":"Mandelstam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2006.03.017","article-title":"Which radiological investigations should be performed to identify fractures in suspected child abuse?","volume":"61","author":"Kemp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib26","series-title":"BMJ Best Practice","author":"Child abuse","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2013.11.004","article-title":"Classic metaphyseal lesion following vaginal breech birth, a rare birth trauma","volume":"2","author":"Sieswerda-Hoogendoorn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Forensic Radiology Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-007-0445-x","article-title":"Can classic metaphyseal lesions follow uncomplicated caesarean section?","volume":"37","author":"O'Connell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-003-0914-9","article-title":"Classic metaphyseal lesion following external cephalic version and cesarean section","volume":"33","author":"Lysack","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.167.4.8819377","article-title":"Follow-up skeletal surveys in suspected child abuse","volume":"167","author":"Kleinman","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib31","series-title":"Imaging in Child Abuse","author":"Geller","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6539","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6539.100","article-title":"Patterns of fractures in accidental and non-accidental injury in children: a comparative study","volume":"293","author":"Worlock","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-002-0338-3","article-title":"Post-mortem diagnosis and age estimation of infants' fractures","volume":"117","author":"Klotzbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Leg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0691-z","article-title":"Regional and cellular localisation of BMPs and their inhibitors' expression in human fractures","volume":"33","author":"Kwong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib35","first-page":"455","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor expression in normally healing human fractures","volume":"16","author":"Andrew","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679408995493","article-title":"Inflammatory cells in normal human fracture healing","volume":"65","author":"Andrew","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000095","article-title":"Intraobserver and interobserver reliability and the role of fracture morphology in classifying femoral shaft fractures in young children","volume":"34","author":"Thompson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-016-9821-x","article-title":"Current issues in postmortem imaging of perinatal and forensic childhood deaths","volume":"13","author":"Arthurs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1953-7","article-title":"Value of postmortem thoracic CT over radiography in imaging of pediatric rib fractures","volume":"41","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.10.030","article-title":"The role of micro-computed tomography in forensic investigations","volume":"225","author":"Rutty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X18305171?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X18305171?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:12:37Z","timestamp":1761696757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X18305171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S1752928X18305171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The detection of significant fractures in suspected infant abuse","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.09.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}