{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T21:42:54Z","timestamp":1778103774735,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T11:20:24Z","timestamp":1607858424000},"page":"102104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evidence of physical violence and torture in refugees and migrants seeking asylum in France"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Deps","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1239-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon M.","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7521-8758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Pessotti","family":"Aborghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Charlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib2","series-title":"Istanbul Protocol","article-title":"Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2016.11.006","article-title":"[Medical anthropology consultations for refugees: why are they necessary?]","volume":"144","author":"Charlier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15439","article-title":"Skin lesions, differential diagnosis and practical approach to potential survivors of torture","volume":"33","author":"Clarysse","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemep.2016.01.017","article-title":"Two Regards on Forensic Expertises: Crisis of Migrants and Autopsies","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Charlier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ethics, Medicine and Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19157","article-title":"Clinical forensic dermatology in cases of torture","volume":"183","author":"Deps","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2016.10.015","article-title":"Deliberate chemical dermatoglyphic burns in a political refugee","volume":"144","author":"Charlier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib8","author":"r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s-Cosi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib9","series-title":"Gendering the International Asylum and Refugee Debate","author":"Freedman","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2016.12.011","article-title":"Asylum seekers alleging torture in their countries: evaluation of a French center","volume":"46","author":"Clement","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhm.2016.05.003","article-title":"Sexual and gender-based violence against refugee women: a hidden aspect of the refugee \"crisis","volume":"24","author":"Freedman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Health Matters"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib12","first-page":"676","article-title":"[Violence against migrant and refugee women: how to identify them]","volume":"69","author":"Tantet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Prat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2017.10.012","article-title":"[The myth of virgin cleansing: latest news on an archaic magico-religious practice]","volume":"145","author":"Charlier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"7624","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/538158a","article-title":"The mental-health crisis among migrants","volume":"538","author":"Abbott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00628","article-title":"It's that route that makes us sick\": exploring lay beliefs about causes of post-traumatic stress disorder among sub-saharan african asylum seekers in Germany","volume":"9","author":"Grupp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"issue":"10160","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32416-4","article-title":"Memory recall of traumatic events in refugees","volume":"392","author":"Charlier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/s10680-017-9463-z","article-title":"Understanding settlement pathways of african immigrants in France through a capability approach: do pre-migratory characteristics matter?","volume":"34","author":"Gosselin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Popul"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib18","first-page":"567","article-title":"[Access to rights, access to care: what obstacles for migrants ?]","volume":"69","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Prat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030420","article-title":"Food insecurity in homeless families in the Paris region (France): results from the ENFAMS survey","volume":"15","author":"Martin-Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X20302110?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X20302110?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:15:29Z","timestamp":1761696929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X20302110"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["S1752928X20302110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evidence of physical violence and torture in refugees and migrants seeking asylum in France","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102104","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102104"}}