{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:56:16Z","timestamp":1762253776990,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T23:48:59Z","timestamp":1618962539000},"page":"102169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Identifying vulnerability in police custody: Making sense of information provided to custody officers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8981-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Farrugia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1108\/17449201211277183","article-title":"Detainees in police custody: results of a health needs assessment in Northumbria, England","volume":"8","author":"Sirdifield","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Prison Health"},{"year":"2009","series-title":"The Bradley Report: Lord Bradley's Review of People with Mental Health Problems or Learning Disabilities in the Criminal Justice System","author":"Bradley","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2019.101522","article-title":"An examination of stigmatising attributions about mental illness amongst police custody staff","volume":"68","author":"Wainwright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Law Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2010.02.004","article-title":"Health screening in police custody","volume":"17","author":"McKinnon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib5","first-page":"364","article-title":"Severe mental illness in 33,588 prisoners worldwide: systematic review and meta-regression analysis","volume":"200","author":"Fazel","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJPsych"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-011-0557-6","article-title":"Medical examination for fitness of police custody in two large German towns","volume":"126","author":"Heide","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2014.06.005","article-title":"Mental health and health-care use of detainees in police custody","volume":"26","author":"Dorn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.006","article-title":"Alcohol and substance screening and brief intervention for detainees kept in police custody. A feasibility study","volume":"134","author":"Chariot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0256-5","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms and histories among people detained in police cells","volume":"46","author":"Ogloff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatr Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2012.02.012","article-title":"Health-care issues and health-care use among detainees in police custody","volume":"19","author":"Ceelen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/police\/pau010","article-title":"Evidence-based risk assessment screening in police custody: the HELP-PC study in London, UK","volume":"8","author":"McKinnon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Policing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S61536","article-title":"Police custody health care: a review of health morbidity, models of care and innovations within police custody in the UK, with international comparison","volume":"9","author":"McKinnon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Pol"},{"year":"1984","series-title":"Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984) and Codes of Practice","author":"Home Office","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib13"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cks027","article-title":"Health screening of people in police custody \u2013 evaluation of current police screening procedures in London, UK","volume":"23","author":"McKinnon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.11.013","article-title":"Police custody in the North of England: findings from a health needs assessment in durham and darlington","volume":"57","author":"Brooker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2007.10.011","article-title":"Healthcare issues of detainees in police custody in London, UK","volume":"17","author":"Payne-James","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2009.07.014","article-title":"Audit of hospital transfers January to March 2006 from Sussex police custody","volume":"17","author":"Carter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Deaths during or Following Police Contact: Statistics for England and Wales 2014\/15","author":"Independent Police Complaints Commission","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib19"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1348\/135532510X500064","article-title":"Psychological vulnerabilities during police interviews. Why are they important?","volume":"15","author":"Gudjonsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leg Criminol Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1080\/1068316X.2010.510118","article-title":"Identification of mental illness in police cells: a comparison of police processes, the brief jail mental health screen and the jail screening assessment tool","volume":"18","author":"Baksheev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Crime Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028212","article-title":"Why confessions trump innocence","volume":"67","author":"Kassin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku160","article-title":"The development of a mental health screening tool and referral pathway for police custody","volume":"25","author":"Noga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/police\/par057","article-title":"Addressing psychological vulnerability in the police suspect interview","volume":"6","author":"Herrington","year":"2012","journal-title":"Policing"},{"year":"2008","series-title":"Briefing 36: Police and Mental Health","author":"Bather","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib25"},{"year":"2017","series-title":"What Works: Crime Reduction Systematic Review Series. No. 6: Police Responses to People with Mental Health Needs: A Systematic Map of the Literature","author":"Vigurs","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib26"},{"year":"2003","series-title":"The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions. A Handbook","author":"Gudjonsson","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib27"},{"author":"Her Majesty\u2019s Inspectorate of Constabulary","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib28"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"There to Help 3. The Identification of Vulnerable Adult Suspects and Application of the Appropriate Adult Safeguard in Police Investigations in 2018\/19","author":"Bath","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib29"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2016.1269357","article-title":"Demographic and clinical characteristics of 1092 consecutive police custody mental health referrals","volume":"28","author":"Forrester","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Forensic Psychiatr Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2014.08.004","article-title":"Health needs of detainees in police custody in England and Wales. Literature review","volume":"27","author":"Rekrut-Lapa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2016.01.022","article-title":"Healthcare and forensic medical aspects of police detainees, suspects and complainants in Europe","volume":"57","author":"Heide","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-248","article-title":"The effectiveness of police custody assessments in identifying suspects with intellectual disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"11","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5271-6","article-title":"Contextualising health screening risk assessments in police custody suites \u2013 qualitative evaluation from the HELP-PC study in London, UK","volume":"18","author":"McKinnon","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.07.012","article-title":"Health needs and co-morbidity among detainees in contact with healthcare professionals within police custody across the London Metropolitan Police Service area","volume":"57","author":"Sondhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1348\/014466509X440160","article-title":"The investigative interviewing of children and other vulnerable witnesses: psychological research and working\/professional practice","volume":"15","author":"Bull","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leg Criminol Psychol"},{"year":"2012","series-title":"Learning The Lessons: Bulletin 17. England and Wales","author":"Independent Police Conduct Authority","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib37"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib38","first-page":"74","article-title":"Custody officers, Code C and constructing vulnerability: implications for policy and practice","volume":"11","author":"Dehaghani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Policing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/hojo.12178","article-title":"He's just not that vulnerable: exploring the implementation of the appropriate adult safeguard in police custody","volume":"55","author":"Dehaghani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Howard J Crim Justice"},{"year":"2019","series-title":"Crime in England and Wales: Year Ending June 2019","author":"Office for National Statistics","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib40"},{"year":"1969","series-title":"Statistical Power. Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences","author":"Cohen","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib41"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2013.01.055","article-title":"Detainees in police custody in Seine-Saint-Denis (France): medical data and high-risk situations, a descriptive study","volume":"42","author":"Gilard-Pioc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854815606762","article-title":"Police decision-making in the gray zone: the dynamics of police-citizen encounters with mentally ill persons","volume":"43","author":"Schulenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crim Justice Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1439","article-title":"False confessions","volume":"8","author":"Kassin","year":"2017","journal-title":"WIREs Cog Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(00)00050-9","article-title":"Mental disorders in European prison systems. Arrangements for mentally disordered prisoners in the prison systems of 13 European countries","volume":"23","author":"Blaauw","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Law Psychiatr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X21000548?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X21000548?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:15:35Z","timestamp":1761696935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X21000548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1752928X21000548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1752-928X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identifying vulnerability in police custody: Making sense of information provided to custody officers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2021.102169","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102169"}}