{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T19:23:13Z","timestamp":1781551393114,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005899","name":"Conseil Fran\u00e7ais de l'\u00c9nergie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04004\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04004\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T12:10:25Z","timestamp":1660219825000},"page":"102416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Distinguishing thermally altered bones from debris using imaging and fluorescence spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2943-0461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Beatriz","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2401-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calil","family":"Makhoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9455-1206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Morgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib1","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences","first-page":"42","article-title":"Aging the dead and the living","author":"Baccino","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2018.1523704","article-title":"Contributions of forensic anthropology to positive scientific identification: a critical Review","volume":"4","author":"Ubelaker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib3","first-page":"628","article-title":"It's all about the context: reflections on the changing role of forensic anthropology in medico-legal death investigations","volume":"50","author":"Blau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/00085030.2010.10768134","article-title":"A review of fire-related deaths in Alberta","volume":"43","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Can Soc Forensic Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib5","article-title":"An experimental study of the effects of heating and burning on the hard tissues of the human body and its implications for anthropology and forensic science","author":"Thompson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dissertation"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.07.038","article-title":"The role of forensic anthropology in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)","volume":"205","author":"Blau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2020.1751385","article-title":"Disaster victim identification operations with fragmented, burnt, or commingled remains: experience-based recommendations","volume":"5","author":"de Boer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14284","article-title":"The 2018 California wildfires: integration of rapid DNA to dramatically accelerate victim identification","volume":"65","author":"Gin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib9","series-title":"Cremains: The Value of Quantitative Analysis for the Bioanthropological Research of Burned Human Skeletal Remains","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib10","series-title":"Forensic Taphonomy: The Postmortem Fate of Human Remains","first-page":"275","article-title":"Fire modification of bone: a review of the literature","author":"Mayne Correia","year":"1997"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.08.011","article-title":"Preservation of dental evidence following exposure to high temperatures","volume":"205","author":"Hill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib12","series-title":"A Companion to Forensic Anthropology","first-page":"113","article-title":"The role of forensic anthropology in the recovery and interpretation of the fatal-fire victim","author":"Dirkmaat","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-3988(11)60010-X","article-title":"Comparative study on inorganic composition and crystallographic properties of cortical and cancellous bone","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib14","series-title":"Osteoporosis","first-page":"3","article-title":"The bone organ system \u2013 form and function","author":"Lee","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12855","article-title":"The effect of soft tissue on temperature estimation from burnt bone using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","volume":"61","author":"Ellingham","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.20.5.717","article-title":"Autofluorescence of bone tissues","volume":"20","author":"Prentice","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12428","article-title":"The use of an alternate light source for detecting bones underwater","volume":"59","author":"Christensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib18","series-title":"Principles of Instrumental Analysis","first-page":"361","article-title":"Molecular luminescence spectrometry","author":"Skoog","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.110027","article-title":"Cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins resist the burning of bones","volume":"305","author":"D\u00edaz-Mart\u00edn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1546-1","article-title":"Luminescence of thermally altered human skeletal remains","volume":"131","author":"Krap","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4403(84)90013-X","article-title":"Burnt bones and teeth: an experimental study of color, morphology, crystal structure and shrinkage","volume":"11","author":"Shipman","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01941.x","article-title":"Validation of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for determining osseous or dental origin of unknown material","volume":"57","author":"Christensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2013.07.003","article-title":"Osteometric sex determination of burned human skeletal remains","volume":"20","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13541","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy\u2013energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM\/EDX): a rapid diagnostic tool to aid the identification of burnt bone and contested cremains","volume":"63","author":"Ellingham","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199909000-00012","article-title":"Evidence of arteriosclerosis in cremated remains","volume":"20","author":"Warren","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"4991","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1038\/2061328a0","article-title":"Fluorescence of bone","volume":"206","author":"Bachman","year":"1965","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.06.004","article-title":"Research potential and limitations of trace analyses of cremated remains","volume":"204","author":"Harbeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib28","first-page":"12","article-title":"Fluorescence of bone and teeth with ultraviolet and alternative light sources including cremated human bone","volume":"24","author":"Mavin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Identif Canada"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib29","article-title":"Alternate light sources in the detection of bone after an accelerated fire: a pilot study","volume":"58","author":"Gallant","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12978","article-title":"The effect of time on bone fluorescence: implications for using alternate light sources to search for skeletal remains","volume":"61","author":"Swaraldahab","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201700892","article-title":"Use of an alternate light source to detect tooth and bone","volume":"28","author":"Miranda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110475","article-title":"Recovery of trace evidence in forensic archaeology and the use of alternate light sources (ALS)","volume":"316","author":"Harte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib33","series-title":"The Use of Alternative Light Sources to Detect Submerged Skeletal Remains","author":"Maidment","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib34","series-title":"Human Identification: Case Studies in Forensic Anthropology","first-page":"159","article-title":"Is it possible to consume a body completely in a fire?","author":"Bass","year":"1984"},{"issue":"135","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02399-6","article-title":"New data about the 21st Century identified skeletal collection (university of Coimbra, Portugal)","author":"Ferreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Leg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib36","series-title":"Antropolog\u00eda y Patolog\u00eda Forense de La Muerte - La Investigati\u00f3n Cient\u00edfico-Judicial de La Muerte y La Tortura, Desde Las Fosas Clandestinas, Hasta La Audiencia P\u00fablica","first-page":"525","article-title":"El muy caliente tema de restos humanos quemados en contextos forenses","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medleg.2017.10.019","article-title":"Experimental burning and real fire scenarios: are they comparable in terms of chemical anthropology?","volume":"8","author":"Makhoul","year":"2017","journal-title":"La Rev M\u00e9decine L\u00e9gale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib38","series-title":"Influ\u00eancias Tafon\u00f3micas Na Degrada\u00e7\u00e3o \u00d3ssea: An\u00e1lise Experimental Em Modelos Animais","author":"Matos","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib39","series-title":"Tissue Optics: Light Scattering Methods and Instruments for Medical Diagnosis","author":"Tuchin","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasrep.2016.10.001","article-title":"Charred bone: physical and chemical changes during laboratory simulated heating under reducing conditions and its relevance for the study of fire use in archaeology","volume":"10","author":"Reidsma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci Reports"},{"issue":"February","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib41","article-title":"Autofluorescence of experimentally heated bone: potential archaeological applications and relevance for estimating degree of burning","volume":"31","author":"Lambrecht","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1127\/0003-5548\/2012\/0213","article-title":"The temperature of cremation and its effect on the microstructure of the human rib compact bone","volume":"69","author":"Absolonov\u00e1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anthropol Anzeiger"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2012.07.008","article-title":"A new statistical approach for determining the crystallinity of heat-altered bone mineral from FTIR spectra","volume":"40","author":"Thompson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2006.03.017","article-title":"Glycation endproducts in osteoporosis - is there a pathophysiologic importance?","volume":"371","author":"Hein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-1066-z","article-title":"Collagen cross-links as a determinant of bone quality: a possible explanation for bone fragility in aging, osteoporosis, and diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Saito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X22001135?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X22001135?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:18:10Z","timestamp":1761697090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X22001135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1752928X22001135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distinguishing thermally altered bones from debris using imaging and fluorescence spectrometry","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2022.102416","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102416"}}