{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:43:16Z","timestamp":1774352596825,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T07:32:14Z","timestamp":1729582334000},"page":"102783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Review of nine malpractice cases with allegations of causation of cervical artery dissection by cervical spine manipulation: No evidence for causation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2144-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib1","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of chiropractic care and cervical artery dissection: No evidence for causation","volume":"8","author":"Church","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2019.1590627","article-title":"A risk-benefit assessment strategy to exclude cervical artery dissection in spinal manual-therapy: a comprehensive review","volume":"51","author":"Chaibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S176","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181644600","article-title":"Risk of vertebrobasilar stroke and chiropractic care: results of a population-based case-control and case-crossover study","volume":"33","author":"Cassidy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.10.031","article-title":"Risk of carotid stroke after chiropractic care: a population-based case-crossover study","volume":"26","author":"Cassidy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib5","first-page":"276","article-title":"Cervical artery dissection: a biomechanical perspective","volume":"57","author":"Symons","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Can Chiropr Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/10669817.2022.2148048","article-title":"Vertebral arteries do not experience tensile force during manual cervical spine manipulation applied to human cadavers","volume":"31","author":"Gorrell","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Man Manip Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000016","article-title":"Cervical arterial dissections and association with cervical manipulative therapy: a statement for healthcare professionals from the american heart association\/american stroke association","volume":"45","author":"Biller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07844-9","article-title":"The association between cervical artery dissection and spinal manipulation among US adults","author":"Whedon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib9","article-title":"Plausible mechanisms of causation of immediate stroke by cervical spine manipulation: a narrative review","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.4.512","article-title":"Dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery and cervical manipulation: a case report with autopsy","volume":"39","author":"Mas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib11","first-page":"38","article-title":"Sudden neck movement and cervical artery dissection. The Canadian Stroke Consortium","volume":"163","author":"Norris","year":"2000","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can Med Assoc J)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib12","series-title":"Goldstein V. Berenbaum.(Supreme Court, New York County","author":"King","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib13","series-title":"Brutosky V. Stinner.(United States District Court, D. New Jersey","author":"Wigenton","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib14","series-title":"Thomas V. Crawford.(Court of Louisiana, Second Circuit","author":"Thompson","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib15","series-title":"Nusbaum V. Enlighten Family Chiropractic.(United States District Court, E.D. MIchigan, Southern Division","author":"Drain","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib16","series-title":"Collins V. Juergens.(Court of Appeals of the State of Washington Division II","author":"Maxa","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib17","series-title":"Soucy V. Gilbertson.(Court of Appeals of Washington, Division One","author":"Chun","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib18","series-title":"Jackson V. Gladdis.(Court of Appeals of Kentucky","author":"Vanmeter","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib19","series-title":"Bell V. Willis.(Bell V. Willis","author":"Ford","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib20","series-title":"Felton V. Lovett.(Supreme Court of Texas","author":"Hecht","year":"2012"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050432","article-title":"Stroke following chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine","volume":"246","author":"Hufnagel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2014.06.011","article-title":"Recognition of spontaneous vertebral artery dissection preempting spinal manipulative therapy: a patient presenting with neck pain and headache for chiropractic care","volume":"13","author":"Mattox","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2013.7.4.335","article-title":"Vertebral artery dissection as a cause of cervical radiculopathy","volume":"7","author":"Silbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a2cc27","article-title":"Vertebral artery dissection causing an acute C5 radiculopathy","volume":"81","author":"Quinn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib25","unstructured":"Chiropractic Quality Assurance Commission. Revised Code of Washington."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-10964-9","article-title":"Vertebral artery dissection after-and also before-chirotherapy","volume":"269","author":"Arning","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.02.067","article-title":"Malpractice litigation involving chiropractic spinal manipulation","volume":"149","author":"Hartnett","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783_bib28","article-title":"Cervical spine manipulation and causation of cervical artery dissection: a review of 10 case reports","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X24001458?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X24001458?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T10:03:17Z","timestamp":1732960997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X24001458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S1752928X24001458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Review of nine malpractice cases with allegations of causation of cervical artery dissection by cervical spine manipulation: No evidence for causation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2024.102783","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102783"}}