{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:36:09Z","timestamp":1787164569162,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T19:17:49Z","timestamp":1750879069000},"page":"102919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Investigating the extent of medical malpractice in cosmetic surgeries during the first half of 2019: A Study of the Tehran Forensic Commission"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Shayesteh Ashrafi","family":"Esfahani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Forouzesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Ghadipasha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Salahshour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-Ali","family":"Alimohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladan","family":"Jafarnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Asghar","family":"Emami Noudeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melika","family":"Mahboubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Commentary: Helling v. carey, caveat medicus","volume":"36","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatr Law"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib2","first-page":"544","article-title":"A comparison of eye problems in primary care and ophthalmology practices","volume":"23","author":"Shields","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib3","first-page":"479","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines in the witness box: can they replace the medical expert?","volume":"14","author":"Tibballs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Law Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib4","first-page":"157","article-title":"Regulations for forensic medicine specialists employed as legal experts in Germany and in Poland","volume":"55","author":"Maksymowicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archiwum Medycyny Sadowej i Kryminologii"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib5","first-page":"513","article-title":"Preventing surgical confusions in ophthalmology (an American ophthalmolgical society thesis)","volume":"105","author":"Simon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib6","first-page":"19","article-title":"Frequency of litigations from plastic surgeon physician's refering to Fars provience forensic medicine organization between 2013 and 2020","volume":"19","author":"Rasekhjahromi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pars Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib7","first-page":"136","article-title":"Malpractice claims in nasal surgeries referred to forensic medicine service Tehran, Iran from 1996 through 2002: a preliminary study","volume":"9","author":"Mirakbari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Descriptive analysis of medical malpractice complaints from general surgeons in Tehran 2012\u20132013; a short report","volume":"5","author":"Khara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Police Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib9","article-title":"Study of medical malpractice complaints in the field of dermatology","volume":"2","author":"Moin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Dermatology and Cosmetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2018.12.003","article-title":"Causes for litigation and risk management in facial surgery: a review of 136 cases","volume":"120","author":"De Brauwer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003202","article-title":"Litigation arising from minimally invasive cosmetic procedures: a review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Hibler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000005054","article-title":"Professional liability in plastic surgery: a change of scenario in medical professional liability in Spain","volume":"11","author":"Martin-Fumad\u00f3","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery\u2013Global Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib13","first-page":"8","article-title":"Seven years survey study of complaints of facial cosmetic surgery referred to Shiraz forensic administration since 2006 to 2013","volume":"17","author":"Kaboodkhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pars Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib14","first-page":"211","article-title":"Medical liability issues in cosmetic and plastic surgery","volume":"24","author":"Shiffman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Law"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib15","first-page":"137","article-title":"Slice them up or slice them out? Legal liability for operating on the troublesome patient in cosmetic surgery","volume":"23","author":"Kennedy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Law Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib16","first-page":"479","article-title":"Medical litigation in cosmetic plastic surgery","volume":"23","author":"Mavroforou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Law"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919_bib17","series-title":"Assessment of Medical Negligence of General Physicians in Sues Referring to Tehran Center Commission Between 2003-2005","author":"Rafizadeh","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X25001209?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X25001209?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T23:42:04Z","timestamp":1760658124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X25001209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["S1752928X25001209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigating the extent of medical malpractice in cosmetic surgeries during the first half of 2019: A Study of the Tehran Forensic Commission","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2025.102919","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102919"}}