{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:07:55Z","timestamp":1789099675575,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012551","name":"Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022NSFSC1403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012551","name":"Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025ZNSFSC0788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZNSFSC0788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82202079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82202079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:29:33Z","timestamp":1783628973000},"page":"103214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Radiology malpractice claims in China: A retrospective analysis of 79 cases from 2011 to 2024"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Yu-Su","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoru","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0858","article-title":"Error in radiology","volume":"56","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"1096","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20180845","article-title":"Error in radiology\u2014where are we now?","volume":"92","author":"Maskell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-021-00986-8","article-title":"Errors, discrepancies and underlying bias in radiology with case examples: a pictorial review","volume":"12","author":"Onder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.352140046","article-title":"The malpractice liability of radiology reports: minimizing the risk","volume":"35","author":"Srinivasa Babu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.04.005","article-title":"Investigation of pathology malpractice claims in China from 2002-2015","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Forensic Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111119","article-title":"The causes of medical malpractice suits against radiologists in the United States","volume":"266","author":"Whang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2015.07.013","article-title":"Radiology malpractice claims in the United States from 2008 to 2012: characteristics and implications","volume":"13","author":"Harvey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-006-0099-z","article-title":"A 12-year follow-up study of malpractice claims against radiologists in Italy","volume":"111","author":"Fileni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3457","article-title":"Radiologic malpractice litigation risk in Italy: an observational study over a 14-year period","volume":"194","author":"Fileni","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"984","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/61782960","article-title":"Medico-legal claims against English radiologists: 1995-2006","volume":"82","author":"Halpin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06158-z","article-title":"Patient complaints in radiology: 9-year experience at a European tertiary care center","volume":"29","author":"van den Berg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-06685-0","article-title":"Medical disciplinary jurisprudence in alleged malpractice in radiology: 10-year Dutch experience","volume":"30","author":"Kwee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.13417","article-title":"Evaluation of a national database of completed investigations into radiology service complaints in New Zealand: what can the radiologist, and radiology service providers, learn?","volume":"67","author":"Ruppeldt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81058-x","article-title":"Surgical specialists face higher a risk for malpractice compared to their non-surgical colleagues","volume":"14","author":"Dronkers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1012370","article-title":"Malpractice risk according to physician specialty","volume":"365","author":"Jena","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-015-0561-x","article-title":"Errors and malpractice lawsuits in radiology: what the radiologist needs to know","volume":"120","author":"Busardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1515\/dx-2017-0025","article-title":"The role of radiology in diagnostic error: a medical malpractice claims review","volume":"4","author":"Siegal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagnosis (Berl)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2015150023","article-title":"Understanding and confronting our mistakes: the epidemiology of error in radiology and strategies for error reduction","volume":"35","author":"Bruno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.10.022","article-title":"Analysis of malpractice claims involving diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology","volume":"16","author":"Deckey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232806","article-title":"Assessment of claimant, clinical, and financial characteristics of teleradiology medical malpractice cases","volume":"311","author":"Schaffer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.221263","article-title":"Patient exposure from radiologic and nuclear medicine procedures in the United States and worldwide: 2009\u20132018","volume":"307","author":"Mahesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v2.i10.377","article-title":"Spectrum of diagnostic errors in radiology","volume":"2","author":"Pinto","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.08.039","article-title":"The advance of ultrasound-enabled diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"375","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Contr Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-021-01011-8","article-title":"Investigating errors in medical imaging: medical malpractice cases in Finland","volume":"12","author":"Tarkiainen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.16.179143","article-title":"Records of medical malpractice litigation: a potential indicator of health-care quality in China","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2021.05.001","article-title":"Oncologic errors in diagnostic radiology: a 10-Year analysis based on medical malpractice claims","volume":"18","author":"Rosenkrantz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e3182a21be2","article-title":"Malpractice suits in chest radiology: an evaluation of the histories of 8265 radiologists","volume":"28","author":"Baker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Imag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib28","article-title":"Antenatal screening for fetal structural anomalies\u2013routine or targeted practice?","volume":"96","author":"Yahya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12311","article-title":"Factors affecting feasibility and quality of second-trimester ultrasound scans in obese pregnant women","volume":"41","author":"Fuchs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00785.x","article-title":"Routine ultrasound screening and detection of congenital anomalies outside a university setting","volume":"84","author":"Nakling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2023.0839","article-title":"The growing problem of radiologist shortage: china's perspective","volume":"24","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020658","article-title":"Practice of informed consent in Guangdong, China: a qualitative study from the perspective of in-hospital patients","volume":"8","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012501","article-title":"Analysis of current situation and influencing factor of medical disputes among different levels of medical institutions based on the game theory in xiamen of China: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"97","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S383094","article-title":"Restoring doctor-patient trust to curb violence against doctors","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib35","article-title":"Patient influencing doctor-patient dispute trials: evidence from China","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.230002","article-title":"Optimizing patient communication in radiology","volume":"43","author":"Vijan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-021-05114-8","article-title":"How does artificial intelligence in radiology improve efficiency and health outcomes?","volume":"52","author":"Van Leeuwen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2006.03.018","article-title":"Survival strategies for radiology: some practical tips on how to reduce the risk of being sued and losing","volume":"3","author":"Raskin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.21428","article-title":"Hiding in the hedges: tips to minimize your malpractice risks as a radiologist","volume":"213","author":"Mezrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4103\/jfsm.jfsm_39_19","article-title":"Confrontation and integration: the present and future of forensic examinations on medical damage in China","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.54254\/2754-1169\/2024.19513","article-title":"A comparative review of the DRGs reforms in China and the U.S.: similarities, innovations, and recommendations","volume":"153","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X26001472?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X26001472?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:28:30Z","timestamp":1789097310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X26001472"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S1752928X26001472"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Radiology malpractice claims in China: A retrospective analysis of 79 cases from 2011 to 2024","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103214","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103214"}}