{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:07:15Z","timestamp":1789099635634,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T16:12:21Z","timestamp":1785341541000},"page":"103221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Suspicion of sexual assault in female perineal injuries to formulate guidelines for clinicians - A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6335-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sindhu Sudha","family":"Sahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-9371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimi Soumya","family":"Padhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greeshma","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib1","series-title":"Crime in India 2023","article-title":"Chapter 3: crimes against women","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e318149f621","article-title":"Perineal impalements in children: distinguishing accident from abuse","volume":"23","author":"Sugar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib3","article-title":"Pediatric surgery","volume":"10e","author":"Hackam","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib4","article-title":"Child abuse & neglect","volume":"26e","author":"Ford","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1385\/FSMP:2:1:25","article-title":"Inflicted ano-genital injuries in children: physical abuse or sexual abuse?","volume":"2","author":"Elder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.1.e77","article-title":"Anogenital injuries in child pedestrians run over by low-speed motor vehicles: four cases with findings that mimic child sexual abuse","volume":"112","author":"Boos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.5.628","article-title":"Unintentional perineal injury in prepubescent girls: a multicenter, prospective report of 56 girls","volume":"95","author":"Bond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.05.042","article-title":"Pediatric genital injury: an analysis of the national electronic injury surveillance system","volume":"82","author":"Casey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(94)90513-4","article-title":"The interpretation of urogenital findings in children with straddle injuries","volume":"29","author":"Dowd","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.6011","article-title":"Pediatric perineal impalement injuries","volume":"35","author":"Grisoni","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2010.02.024","article-title":"Patterns of accidental genital trauma in young girls and indications for operative management","volume":"45","author":"Iqbal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-015-0576-y","article-title":"Twenty years of experience with perineal injury in children","volume":"42","author":"Bakal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7993","DOI":"10.4081\/pr.2019.7993","article-title":"Traumatic perineal injury in a 13-Year-Old female: case report and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Godosis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjpso.2023.100021","article-title":"The management of accidental perineal injuries in pediatric females: retrospective review at a single institution","volume":"2","author":"Encisco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Surgery Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000002928","article-title":"Mechanism of injury and age predict operative intervention in pediatric perineal injury","volume":"39","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91620-P","article-title":"Acute genital injury in the prepubertal girl","volume":"166","author":"Pokorny","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.008","article-title":"Characterization of pediatric female genital trauma using a novel grading system and recommendations for management","volume":"59","author":"Bergus","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22892","article-title":"A method for improving the efficiency of DNA extraction from clotted blood samples","volume":"33","author":"Mardan-Nik","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.21088\/ijfmp.0974.3383.12419.2","article-title":"Physical and laboratory findings based analysis of sexual assault victims","volume":"12","author":"Sahu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib22","first-page":"141","article-title":"Persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina and cervix","volume":"48","author":"Morrison","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.04.024","article-title":"Detection of spermatozoa following consensual sexual intercourse","volume":"221","author":"Astrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.12.017","article-title":"Detection of prostate specific antigen and semenogelin in specimens from female rape victims","volume":"54","author":"Suttipasit","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Forensic Legal Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e805","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001803","article-title":"Austere foreign body injuries in children and adolescents: a characterization of penile, rectal, and vaginal injuries presenting to emergency departments in the United States from 2008 to 2017","volume":"37","author":"Fischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12754","article-title":"Consensual intercourse resulting in an extensive rectovaginal tear: an extremely rare occurrence","volume":"12","author":"Symeonidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3109\/00016346809157501","article-title":"Traumatic lesions of the vagina","volume":"47","author":"Mets\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221_bib28","series-title":"Guidelines and Protocols: Medico-Legal Care for Survivors\/Victims of Sexual Violence","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X2600154X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1752928X2600154X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:29:22Z","timestamp":1789097362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1752928X2600154X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S1752928X2600154X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221","relation":{},"ISSN":["1752-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1752-928X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Suspicion of sexual assault in female perineal injuries to formulate guidelines for clinicians - A retrospective study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2026.103221","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103221"}}