{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T14:34:00Z","timestamp":1770820440898,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Fluency Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T13:43:14Z","timestamp":1763646194000},"page":"106174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Amelioration of acquired stuttering following thalamic deep brain stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Phoebe","family":"Matthews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9269-1176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Intouch","family":"Sopchokchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Alkubaisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2601-6652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Honey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.9.1024","article-title":"Repetitive speech disorder resulting from infarcts in the paramedian thalami and midbrain","volume":"56","author":"Abe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0380-0","article-title":"Stuttering induced by thalamic deep brain stimulation for dystonia","volume":"117","author":"Allert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4204.895","article-title":"Normative disfluency data for early childhood stuttering","volume":"42","author":"Ambrose","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research: JSLHR"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(92)90075-P","article-title":"Stuttering acquired from subcortical pathologies and its alleviation from thalamic perturbation","volume":"42","author":"Andy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(83)90015-2","article-title":"Distribution of cerebellar terminations and their relation to other afferent terminations in the ventral lateral thalamic region of the monkey","volume":"5","author":"Asanuma","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106100","article-title":"The application of non-invasive neuromodulation in stuttering: Current status and future directions","volume":"83","author":"Bakhtiar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.13039","article-title":"The application of neuronavigated rTMS of the supplementary motor area and rhythmic speech training for stuttering intervention","volume":"59","author":"Bakhtiar","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Language Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(03)00106-4","article-title":"Acquired stuttering following right frontal and bilateral pontine lesion: A case study","volume":"53","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Archieves of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8738","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91175-T","article-title":"Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus","volume":"337","author":"Benabid","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209636","article-title":"What is the role of the dentate nucleus in normal and abnormal cerebellar function?","volume":"103","author":"Benarroch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.10.1182","article-title":"Alleviation of acquired stuttering with human centremedian thalamic stimulation","volume":"52","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acs051","article-title":"Psychogenic stuttering and other acquired nonorganic speech and language abnormalities","volume":"27","author":"Binder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-025-01787-1","article-title":"Cerebellar oscillatory patterns in essential tremor: Modulatory effects of VIM-DBS","volume":"24","author":"Bosch","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Cerebellum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0002-7","article-title":"The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: Nodes in an integrated network","volume":"19","author":"Bostan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2020.105766","article-title":"A systematic review of interventions for adults who stutter","volume":"64","author":"Brignell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0341-1","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reversibly deteriorates stuttering in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"113","author":"Burghaus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.10.005","article-title":"Stuttering as a matter of delay in neural activation: A combined TMS\/EEG study","volume":"130","author":"Busan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1162\/nol_a_00162","article-title":"Stuttering: Our current knowledge, research opportunities, and ways to address critical gaps","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Language"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy011","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation over left inferior frontal cortex improves speech \ufb02uency in adults who stutter","volume":"141","author":"Chesters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00270.2012","article-title":"The organization of the human striatum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity","volume":"108","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23590","article-title":"White matter developmental trajectories associated with persistence and recovery of childhood stuttering","volume":"38","author":"Chow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101224","article-title":"Brain developmental trajectories associated with childhood stuttering persistence and recovery","volume":"60","author":"Chow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.4.546","article-title":"Subcortical infarction resulting in acquired stuttering","volume":"69","author":"Ciabarra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(99)80010-1","article-title":"Validation of an instrument to measure voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL)","volume":"13","author":"Cohen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Voice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00884","article-title":"A review of brain circuitries involved in stuttering","volume":"8","author":"Craig-McQuaide","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01671-8","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging of cerebellar activation during single word reading and verb generation in stuttering and nonstuttering adults","volume":"302","author":"De Nil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25975","article-title":"Probabilistic mapping of deep brain stimulation: Insights from 15\u2009years of therapy","volume":"89","author":"Elias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib29","series-title":"Voice articulation drillbook (2nd ed.)","author":"Fairbanks","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib30","series-title":"Parkinson's disease and movement disorders","first-page":"225","article-title":"clinical rating scale for tremor","author":"Fahn","year":"1998"},{"issue":"6587","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/382158a0","article-title":"A PET study of the neural systems of stuttering","volume":"382","author":"Fox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy199","article-title":"Anomalous morphology in left hemisphere motor and premotor cortex of children who stutter","author":"Garnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib33","article-title":"Adult stuttering prevalence I: Systematic review and identification of stuttering in large populations","author":"Gattie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.04.005","article-title":"Severity of dysfluency correlates with basal ganglia activity in persistent developmental stuttering","volume":"104","author":"Giraud","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2008.11.001","article-title":"Characteristics of speech disfluency in Parkinson disease","volume":"23","author":"Goberman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neurolinguistics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13758","article-title":"Acquired stuttering in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Gooch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.5.624","article-title":"Stroke-associated stuttering","volume":"56","author":"Grant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.8.1109","article-title":"Stuttering: Disappearance and reappearance with acquired brain lesions","volume":"36","author":"Helm-Estabrooks","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyab095","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation for spasmodic dysphonia: A phase i prospective randomized double-blind crossover trial","volume":"89","author":"Honey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106147","article-title":"Left thalamic deep brain stimulation for persistent developmental stuttering","volume":"85","author":"Kell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318249f702","article-title":"The tremor network targeted by successful VIM deep brain stimulation in humans","volume":"78","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2007.897004","article-title":"Amplitude- and frequency-dependent changes in neuronal regularity parallel changes in tremor with thalamic deep brain stimulation","volume":"15","author":"Kuncel","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220114","article-title":"Site of penetrating brain lesions causing chronic acquired stuttering","volume":"22","author":"Ludlow","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12010016","article-title":"Alleviation of developmental stuttering following deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus","volume":"169","author":"Maguire","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00158","article-title":"The pharmacologic treatment of stuttering and its neuropharmacologic basis","volume":"14","author":"Maguire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3109\/13682828109011383","article-title":"Clinical observations on acquired stuttering","volume":"16","author":"Mazzucchi","year":"1981","journal-title":"International Journal of Language Communication Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.01.042","article-title":"Stuttering in Parkinson\u2019s disease after deep brain stimulation: A note on dystonia and low-frequency stimulation","volume":"50","author":"Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.4.JNS142741","article-title":"The nondecussating pathway of the dentatorubrothalamic tract in humans: Human connectome-based tractographic study and microdissection validation","volume":"124","author":"Meola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib49","article-title":"Connectivity correlates to predict essential tremor deep brain stimulation outcome: Evidence for a common treatment pathway","volume":"32","author":"Middlebrooks","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.4.890","article-title":"Cessation of stuttering after bilateral thalamic infarction","volume":"53","author":"Muroi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of American Geriatric Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002492","article-title":"Knowns and unknowns about the neurobiology of stuttering","volume":"22","author":"Neef","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.02.015","article-title":"Exploring risk factors for stuttering development in Parkinson disease after deep brain stimulation","volume":"38","author":"Picillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Related Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00190","article-title":"Decreased Cerebellar-Orbitofrontal Connectivity Correlates with Stuttering Severity: Whole-Brain Functional and Structural Connectivity Associations with Persistent Developmental Stuttering","volume":"10","author":"Sitek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae059","article-title":"Localization of stuttering based on causal brain lesions","volume":"147","author":"Theys","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.07.011","article-title":"Improvement in developmental stuttering following deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Thiriez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Related Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-44","article-title":"Aggravated stuttering following subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2014Two cases","volume":"11","author":"Toft","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-730X(98)00002-3","article-title":"Severe acquired stuttering following injury of the left supplementary motor region: A case report","volume":"23","author":"Van Borsel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ad4742","article-title":"Probabilistic stimulation mapping from intra-operative thalamic deep brain stimulation data in essential tremor","volume":"21","author":"Vogel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/08-0089)","article-title":"Relief of Acquired Stuttering Associated With Parkinson\u2019s Disease by Unilateral Left Subthalamic Brain Stimulation","volume":"52","author":"Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm241","article-title":"Structural and functional abnormalities of the motor system in developmental stuttering","volume":"131","author":"Watkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199702100-00037","article-title":"Increased dopamine activity associated with stuttering","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2012.11.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of stuttering: 21st century advances","volume":"38","author":"Yairi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360.0702.25","article-title":"Real-Time Analysis of Speech Fluency: Procedures and Reliability Training","volume":"7","author":"Yaruss","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2006.02.002","article-title":"Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES): documenting multiple outcomes in stuttering treatment","volume":"31","author":"Yaruss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Fluency Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2021.75.456-461","article-title":"Neurogenic Stuttering: Etiology, Symptomatology, and Treatment","volume":"75","author":"Zunic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medical Archives"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fluency Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0094730X25000762?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0094730X25000762?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T14:01:36Z","timestamp":1770818496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0094730X25000762"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S0094730X25000762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-730X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-730X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Amelioration of acquired stuttering following thalamic deep brain stimulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Fluency Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfludis.2025.106174","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106174"}}